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August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 132 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. 1169 – Battle of the Blacks: Uprising by the black African forces of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners, against Saladin.[1] 1192 – Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes Sei-i Taishōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: the 12th day of the seventh month in the third year of the Kenkyū (建久) era).[2] 1331 – King Stefan Uroš III, after months of anarchy, surrenders to his son and rival Stefan Dušan, who succeeds as King of Serbia.[3] 1415 – Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Conquest of Ceuta.[4] 1601–1900 1680 – Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt. 1689 – The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.[5] 1716 – Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War: The arrival of naval reinforcements and the news of the Battle of Petrovaradin force the Ottomans to abandon the Siege of Corfu, thus preserving the Ionian Islands under Venetian rule.[6] 1770 – James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales. 1772 – King Gustav III completes his coup d'état by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot. 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British forces begin besieging the French outpost at Pondichéry. 1791 – A Vodou ceremony, led by Dutty Boukman, turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the Haitian Revolution. 1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War. 1810 – Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates. 1821 – Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the ship, Eliza Frances. 1831 – Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, which will claim the lives of 55 to 65 whites and about twice that number of blacks.[7] 1852 – Tlingit Indians destroy Fort Selkirk, Yukon Territory. 1858 – The first of the Lincoln–Douglas debates is held in Ottawa, Illinois.[8] 1862 – The Stadtpark, the first public park in Vienna, opens to the public.[9] 1863 – Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by pro-Confederate guerrillas known as Quantrill's Raiders. 1878 – The American Bar Association is founded in Saratoga Springs, New York.[10] 1879 – The locals of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland report their having seen an apparition of the Virgin Mary. The apparition is later named “Our Lady of Knock” and the spot transformed into a Catholic pilgrimage site.[11] 1883 – An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota, leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic. 1888 – The first successful adding machine in the United States is patented by William Seward Burroughs. 1901–present 1901 – Six hundred American school teachers, Thomasites, arrived in Manila on the USAT Thomas. 1911 – The Mona Lisa is stolen by Vincenzo Peruggia, a Louvre employee.[12] 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Charleroi, a successful German attack across the River Sambre that pre-empted a French offensive in the same area. 1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme begins. 1942 – World War II: The Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru. 1944 – Dumbarton Oaks Conference, prelude to the United Nations, begins. 1944 – World War II: Canadian and Polish units capture the strategically important town of Falaise, Calvados, France. 1945 – Physicist Harry Daghlian is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1957 – The Soviet Union successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile.[13] 1959 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order proclaiming Hawaii the 50th state of the union. Hawaii's admission is currently commemorated by Hawaii Admission Day. 1963 – Xá Lợi Pagoda raids: The Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngô Đình Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem, vandalizes Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead. 1965 – The Socialist Republic of Romania is proclaimed, following the adoption of a new constitution.[14] 1968 – Cold War: Nicolae Ceaușescu, leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania, publicly condemns the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, encouraging the Romanian population to arm itself against possible Soviet reprisals. 1968 – James Anderson Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U.S. Marine. 1971 – A bomb exploded in the Liberal Party campaign rally in Plaza Miranda, Manila, Philippines with several anti-Marcos political candidates injured. 1982 – Lebanese Civil War: The first troops of a multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the Palestine Liberation Organization's withdrawal from Lebanon. 1983 – Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. is assassinated at Manila International Airport (now renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor). 1986 – Carbon dioxide gas erupts from volcanic Lake Nyos in Cameroon, killing up to 1,800 people within a 20-kilometre (12 mi) range. 1988 – The 6.9 Mw  Nepal earthquake shakes the Nepal–India border with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 709–1,450 people killed and thousands injured. 1991 – Latvia declares renewal of its full independence after its occupation by the Soviet Union since 1940.[15] 1991 – Coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev collapses. 1993 – NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft. 1994 – Royal Air Maroc Flight 630 crashes in Douar Izounine, Morocco, killing all 44 people on board.[16] 1995 – Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529, an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, attempts to divert to West Georgia Regional Airport after the left engine fails, but the aircraft crashes in Carroll County near Carrollton, Georgia, killing nine of the 29 people on board.[17] 2000 – American golfer Tiger Woods wins the 82nd PGA Championship and becomes the first golfer since Ben Hogan in 1953 to win three majors in a calendar year. 2013 – Hundreds of people are reported killed by chemical attacks in the Ghouta region of Syria. 2017 – A solar eclipse traverses the continental United States. Births Pre-1600 1165 – Philip II of France (d. 1223) 1481 – Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (d. 1550) 1535 – Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese general (d. 1619) 1552 – Muhammad Qadiri, Founder of the Naushahia branch of the Qadri order (d. 1654) 1567 – Francis de Sales, Swiss bishop and saint (d. 1622) 1579 – Henri, Duke of Rohan (d. 1638) 1597 – Roger Twysden, English historian and politician (d. 1672) 1601–1900 1625 – John Claypole, English politician (d. 1688) 1643 – Afonso VI of Portugal (d. 1683) 1660 – Hubert Gautier, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1737) 1665 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1729) 1670 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, French general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (d. 1734) 1725 – Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter and educator (d. 1805) 1754 – William Murdoch, Scottish engineer and inventor, created gas lighting (d. 1839) 1754 – Banastre Tarleton, English general and politician (d. 1833) 1765 – William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1837) 1789 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician and academic (d. 1857) 1798 – Jules Michelet, French historian and philosopher (d. 1874) 1800 – Hiram Walden, American general and politician (d. 1880) 1801 – Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, Dutch historian and politician (d. 1876) 1813 – Jean Stas, Belgian chemist and physician (d. 1891) 1816 – Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, French chemist and academic (d. 1856) 1823 – Nathaniel Everett Green, English painter and astronomer (d. 1899) 1826 – Carl Gegenbaur, German anatomist and academic (d. 1903) 1829 – Otto Goldschmidt, German composer, conductor and pianist (d. 1907) 1840 – Ferdinand Hamer, Dutch bishop and missionary (d. 1900) 1851 – Charles Barrois, French geologist and palaeontologist (d. 1939)[18] 1856 – Medora de Vallombrosa, Marquise de Morès, American heiress (d. 1921) 1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (d. 1889) 1862 – Emilio Salgari, Italian journalist and author (d. 1911) 1869 – William Henry Ogilvie, Scottish-Australian poet and author (d. 1963) 1872 – Aubrey Beardsley, English author and illustrator (d. 1898)[19] 1878 – Richard Girulatis, German footballer and manager (d. 1963) 1879 – Claude Grahame-White, English pilot and engineer (d. 1959) 1884 – Chandler Egan, American golfer and architect (d. 1936) 1885 – Édouard Fabre, Canadian runner (d. 1939) 1886 – Ruth Manning-Sanders, Welsh-English author and poet (d. 1988) 1887 – James Paul Moody, English sailor (d. 1912) 1891 – Emiliano Mercado del Toro, Puerto Rican-American soldier (d. 2007) 1892 – Charles Vanel, French actor and director (d. 1989) 1894 – Christian Schad, German painter (d. 1982) 1895 – Blossom Rock, American actress (d. 1978) 1897 – Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish soldier and peer (d. 1966) 1901–present 1902 – Angel Karaliychev, Bulgarian author (d. 1972) 1903 – Kostas Giannidis, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1984) 1904 – Count Basie, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1984) 1905 – Bipin Gupta, Indian actor and producer (d. 1981) 1906 – Friz Freleng, American animator, director, and producer (d. 1995) 1907 – P. Jeevanandham, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1963) 1909 – Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1992) 1912 – Toe Blake, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1995) 1914 – Doug Wright, English cricketer and coach (d. 1998) 1916 – Bill Lee, American actor and singer (d. 1980) 1916 – Consuelo Velázquez, Mexican pianist and songwriter (d. 2005) 1917 – Leonid Hurwicz, Russian economist and mathematician (d. 2008) 1918 – Billy Reay, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2004) 1921 – Reuven Feuerstein, Romanian-Israeli psychologist and academic (d. 2014) 1922 – Albert Irvin, English soldier and painter (d. 2015) 1923 – Keith Allen, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2014) 1924 – Jack Buck, American sportscaster (d. 2002) 1924 – Jack Weston, American actor (d. 1996) 1926 – Can Yücel, Turkish poet and translator (d. 1999) 1927 – Thomas S. Monson, American religious leader, 16th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 2018) 1928 – Addison Farmer, American bassist (d. 1963) 1928 – Art Farmer, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1999) 1928 – Bud McFadin, American football player (d. 2006) 1929 – Herman Badillo, Puerto Rican-American lawyer and politician (d. 2014) 1929 – X. J. Kennedy, American poet, translator, anthologist, editor 1929 – Ahmed Kathrada, South African politician and political prisoner (d. 2017) 1930 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002)[20] 1930 – Frank Perry, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995) 1932 – Menashe Kadishman, Israeli sculptor and painter (d. 2015) 1932 – Melvin Van Peebles, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2021)[20] 1933 – Janet Baker, English soprano and educator 1933 – Michael Dacher, German mountaineer (d. 1994) 1933 – Barry Norman, English author and critic (d. 2017) 1933 – Erik Paaske, Danish actor and singer (d. 1992) 1934 – Sudhakarrao Naik, Indian lawyer and politician, 13th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 2001) 1934 – Paul Panhuysen, Dutch composer (d. 2015) 1936 – Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player and coach (d. 1999)[20] 1936 – Radish Tordia, Georgian painter and educator 1937 – Donald Dewar, Scottish politician, first First Minister of Scotland (d. 2000)[21] 1937 – Gustavo Noboa, Ecuadorian academic and politician, 51st President of Ecuador (d. 2021) 1937 – Robert Stone, American novelist and short story writer (d. 2015) 1938 – Steve Cowper, American politician, 6th Governor of Alaska[22] 1938 – Kenny Rogers, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (d. 2020)[20] 1938 – Mike Weston, English rugby player (d. 2023) 1939 – James Burton, American Hall of Fame guitarist[23] 1939 – Festus Mogae, Botswana economist and politician, third President of Botswana 1939 – Clarence Williams III, American actor (d. 2021)[20] 1940 – Dominick Harrod, English journalist, historian, and author (d. 2013) 1940 – Endre Szemerédi, Hungarian-American mathematician and computer scientist 1941 – Jackie DeShannon, American singer-songwriter[23] 1943 – Patrick Demarchelier, French photographer (d. 2022) 1943 – Jonathan Schell, American journalist and author (d. 2014) 1943 – Lucius Shepard, American author and critic (d. 2014) 1943 – Hugh Wilson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2018) 1944 – Perry Christie, Bahamian politician, third Prime Minister of the Bahamas 1944 – Peter Weir, Australian director, producer, and screenwriter[20] 1945 – Basil Poledouris, Greek-American composer, conductor[24] (d. 2006) 1945 – Celia Brayfield, English journalist and author 1945 – Jerry DaVanon, American baseball player 1945 – Willie Lanier, American football player 1945 – Patty McCormack, American actress[23] 1947 – Carl Giammarese, American singer-songwriter and musician[23] 1949 – Loretta Devine, American actress and singer[23] 1949 – Daniel Sivan, Israeli scholar and academic 1950 – Patrick Juvet, Swiss singer-songwriter and model (d. 2021) 1950 – Arthur Bremer, American attempted assassin of George Wallace[25] 1951 – Eric Goles, Chilean mathematician and computer scientist 1951 – Glenn Hughes, English musician[20] 1951 – Yana Mintoff, Maltese politician, economist and educator 1951 – Chesley V. Morton, American businessman and politician 1952 – Keith Hart, Canadian firefighter, wrestler, and trainer 1952 – Jiří Paroubek, Czech soldier and politician, sixth Prime Minister of the Czech Republic 1952 – Bernadette Porter, English nun and educator 1952 – Joe Strummer, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)[20] 1953 – Ivan Stang, American author, publisher, and director 1954 – Archie Griffin, American football player[20] 1954 – Steve Smith, American drummer 1954 – Mark Williams, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter 1956 – Kim Cattrall, English-Canadian actress[23] 1956 – Jon Tester, American farmer and politician 1957 – Frank Pastore, American baseball player and radio host (d. 2012) 1958 – Steve Case, American businessman, co-founder of America Online (AOL)[20] 1958 – Mark Williams, Australian footballer and coach 1959 – Anne Hobbs, English tennis player and coach 1959 – Jim McMahon, American football player and coach 1961 – Gerardo Barbero, Argentinian chess player and coach (d. 2001) 1961 – V. B. Chandrasekhar, Indian cricketer and coach (d. 2019) 1961 – Stephen Hillenburg, American marine biologist, cartoonist, animator and creator of SpongeBob SquarePants (d. 2018) 1962 – Cleo King, American actress[23] 1962 – John Korfas, Greek-American basketball player and coach 1962 – Gilberto Santa Rosa, Puerto Rican bandleader and singer of salsa and bolero[26] 1962 – Pete Weber, American bowler 1963 – Mohammed VI of Morocco, King of Morocco[20] 1963 – Nigel Pearson, English footballer and manager 1964 – Gary Elkerton, Australian surfer 1965 – Jim Bullinger, American baseball player 1966 – John Wetteland, American baseball player and coach 1967 – Darren Bewick, Australian footballer 1967 – Charb, French journalist and cartoonist (d. 2015)[20] 1967 – Carrie-Anne Moss, Canadian actress[20] 1967 – Serj Tankian, Lebanese-born Armenian-American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer[23] 1968 – Dina Carroll, English singer-songwriter 1968 – Goran Ćurko, Serbian footballer 1968 – Laura Trevelyan, English journalist and author 1969 – Bruce Anstey, New Zealand motorcycle racer 1969 – Josée Chouinard, Canadian figure skater 1970 – Craig Counsell, American baseball player and coach 1970 – Erik Dekker, Dutch cyclist and manager 1970 – Cathy Weseluck, Canadian actress 1971 – Mamadou Diallo, Senegalese footballer 1971 – Robert Harvey, Australian footballer and coach 1971 – Liam Howlett, English keyboard player, DJ, and producer[23] 1973 – Sergey Brin, Russian-American computer scientist and businessman, co-founded Google 1973 – Steve McKenna, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1974 – Martin Andanar, Filipino journalist and radio host 1974 – Paul Mellor, Australian rugby league player and referee 1975 – Simon Katich, Australian cricketer and manager 1975 – Alicia Witt, American actress and musician[23] 1976 – Alex Brooks, American ice hockey player and scout 1976 – Jeff Cunningham, Jamaican-American soccer player 1976 – Robert Miles, Australian rugby league player 1976 – Ramón Vázquez, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach 1978 – Peter Buxton, English rugby player and manager 1978 – Reuben Droughns, American football player and coach 1978 – Lee Gronkiewicz, American baseball player and coach 1978 – Alan Lee, Irish footballer and coach 1978 – Jason Marquis, American baseball player 1979 – Kelis, American singer-songwriter, producer, chef and author[23] 1979 – Diego Klattenhoff, Canadian actor[23] 1980 – Bryan Allen, Canadian ice hockey player[27] 1980 – Burney Lamar, American race car driver 1980 – Paul Menard, American race car driver 1980 – Jasmin Wöhr, German tennis player 1981 – Jarrod Lyle, Australian golfer (d. 2018) 1981 – Cameron Winklevoss, American rower and businessman, co-founded ConnectU 1981 – Tyler Winklevoss, American rower and businessman, co-founded ConnectU 1981 – Ross Thomas, American actor 1982 – Jason Eaton, New Zealand rugby player 1982 – Omar Sachedina, Canadian television journalist, correspondent, and news anchor 1983 – Brody Jenner, American television personality and model[23] 1983 – Scott McDonald, Australian footballer 1984 – Neil Dexter, South African cricketer 1984 – Melvin Upton, Jr., American baseball player 1985 – Nicolás Almagro, Spanish tennis player 1985 – Aleksandra Kiryashova, Russian pole vaulter 1985 – Alizée, French singer [28] 1986 – Usain Bolt, Jamaican sprinter[20] 1986 – Wout Brama, Dutch footballer 1986 – Koki Sakamoto, Japanese gymnast 1986 – Brooks Wheelan, American comedian and actor[23] 1987 – DeWanna Bonner, American-Macedonian basketball player[29] 1987 – Cody Kasch, American actor[23] 1987 – J. D. Martinez, American baseball player[30] 1987 – Jodie Meeks, American basketball player and coach[31] 1988 – Robert Lewandowski, Polish footballer 1988 – Kacey Musgraves, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[23] 1989 – Charlison Benschop, Dutch footballer 1989 – James Davey, English rugby league player 1989 – Matteo Gentili, Italian footballer 1989 – Hayden Panettiere, American actress[23] 1989 – Aleix Vidal, Spanish footballer 1990 – Bo Burnham, American comedian, musician, actor, filmmaker and poet[20] 1990 – Christian Vázquez, Puerto Rican baseball player[32] 1991 – Leandro Bacuna, Dutch footballer 1991 – Jesse Rutherford, American singer and songwriter[33] 1992 – Brandon Drury, American baseball player[34] 1992 – RJ Mitte, American actor[23] 1992 – Felipe Nasr, Brazilian race car driver 1993 – Millie Bright, English footballer[35] 1993 – Mike Evans, American football player[36] 1994 – Alexandra Cooper, American podcaster[37] 1995 – Dominik Kubalík, Czech ice hockey player[38] 1996 – Karolína Muchová, Czech tennis player[39] 1999 – Maxim Knight, American actor[23] 2000 – Corbin Carroll, American baseball player[40] Deaths Pre-1600 672 – Emperor Kōbun of Japan (b. 648) 784 – Alberic, archbishop of Utrecht 913 – Tang Daoxi, Chinese general 1131 – King Baldwin II of Jerusalem 1148 – William II, Count of Nevers (b. c. 1089) 1157 – Alfonso VII of León and Castile (b. 1105) 1245 – Alexander of Hales, English theologian 1271 – Alphonse, Count of Poitiers (b. 1220) 1534 – Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, 44th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1464) 1568 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495) 1601–1900 1614 – Elizabeth Báthory, Hungarian countess and purported serial killer (b. 1560)[41] 1622 – Juan de Tassis, 2nd Count of Villamediana, Spanish poet and politician (b. 1582) 1627 – Jacques Mauduit, French composer and academic (b. 1557) 1673 – Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford, English soldier (b. 1599) 1689 – William Cleland, Scottish poet and soldier (b. 1661)[5] 1762 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1689) 1763 – Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1710) 1775 – Zahir al-Umar, Arabian ruler (b. 1690) 1796 – John McKinly, American physician and politician, first Governor of Delaware (b. 1721) 1814 – Benjamin Thompson, American-English physicist and colonel (b. 1753) 1835 – John MacCulloch, Scottish geologist and academic (b. 1773) 1836 – Claude-Louis Navier, French physicist and engineer (b. 1785) 1838 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German botanist and poet (b. 1781) 1853 – Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon, French general (b. 1783) 1854 – Thomas Clayton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1777) 1867 – Juan Álvarez, Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1790)[42] 1870 – Ma Xinyi, Chinese general and politician, Viceroy of Liangjiang (b. 1821) 1888 – James Farnell, Australian politician, eighth Premier of New South Wales (b. 1825) 1901–present 1905 – Alexander von Oettingen, Estonian theologian and statistician (b. 1827) 1910 – Bertalan Székely, Hungarian painter and academic (b. 1835) 1911 – Mahboob Ali Khan, sixth Nizam of Hyderabad State (b. 1866)[43] 1919 – Laurence Doherty, English tennis player (b. 1875) 1935 – John Hartley, English tennis player (b. 1849) 1940 – Hermann Obrecht, Swiss lawyer and politician (b. 1882) 1940 – Ernest Thayer, American poet and author (b. 1863) 1940 – Leon Trotsky, Russian theorist and politician, founded the Red Army (b. 1879) 1943 – Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857) 1947 – Ettore Bugatti, Italian-French engineer and businessman, founded Bugatti (b. 1881) 1951 – Constant Lambert, English composer and conductor (b. 1905) 1957 – Mait Metsanurk, Estonian author and playwright (b. 1879) 1957 – Nels Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902) 1957 – Harald Sverdrup, Norwegian meteorologist and oceanographer (b. 1888) 1960 – David B. Steinman, American engineer, designed the Mackinac Bridge (b. 1886) 1964 – Palmiro Togliatti, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (b. 1893) 1968 – Germaine Guèvremont, Canadian journalist and author (b. 1893)[44] 1971 – George Jackson, American activist and author, co-founded the Black Guerrilla Family (b. 1941) 1974 – Buford Pusser, American police officer (b. 1937) 1974 – Kirpal Singh, Indian spiritual master (b. 1894) 1978 – Charles Eames, American architect, co-designed the Eames House (b. 1907) 1979 – Giuseppe Meazza, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1910) 1981 – Kaka Kalelkar, Indian Hindi Writer(b. 1885) 1983 – Benigno Aquino Jr., Filipino journalist and politician (b. 1932) 1988 – Teodoro de Villa Diaz, Filipino guitarist and songwriter (b. 1963) 1988 – Ray Eames, American architect, co-designed the Eames House (b. 1912) 1989 – Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1945) 1993 – Tatiana Troyanos, American soprano and actress (b. 1938) 1995 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-American astrophysicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910) 1995 – Chuck Stevenson, American race car driver (b. 1919) 1996 – Mary Two-Axe Earley, Canadian indigenous women's rights activist (b. 1911)[45] 2000 – Tomata du Plenty, American singer-songwriter and playwright (b. 1948) 2000 – Daniel Lisulo, Zambian politician, third Prime Minister of Zambia (b. 1930) 2000 – Andrzej Zawada, Polish mountaineer and author (b. 1928) 2001 – Calum MacKay, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927) 2003 – John Coplans, British artist (b. 1920) 2003 – Kathy Wilkes, English philosopher and academic (b. 1946) 2004 – Sachidananda Routray, Indian Oriya-language poet (b. 1916) 2005 – Martin Dillon, American tenor and educator (b. 1957) 2005 – Robert Moog, American businessman, founded Moog Music (b. 1934) 2005 – Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet and translator (b. 1936) 2005 – Marcus Schmuck, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1925) 2006 – Bismillah Khan, Indian musician, Bharat Ratna recipient (b. 1916) 2006 – Paul Fentener van Vlissingen, Dutch businessman and philanthropist (b. 1941) 2007 – Frank Bowe, American academic (b. 1947)[46] 2007 – Siobhan Dowd, British author (b. 1960) 2007 – Elizabeth P. Hoisington, American general (b. 1918) 2008 – Jerry Finn, American engineer and producer (b. 1969) 2009 – Rex Shelley, Singaporean engineer and author (b. 1930) 2010 – Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill, Argentinean sociologist and author (b. 1941) 2012 – Georg Leber, German soldier and politician, Federal Minister of Defence for Germany (b. 1920) 2012 – J. Frank Raley Jr., American soldier and politician (b. 1926) 2012 – Don Raleigh, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1926) 2012 – Guy Spitaels, Belgian academic and politician, seventh Minister-President of Wallonia (b. 1931) 2012 – William Thurston, American mathematician and academic (b. 1946) 2013 – Jean Berkey, American lawyer and politician (b. 1938) 2013 – Sid Bernstein, American record producer (b. 1918) 2013 – C. Gordon Fullerton, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1936)[47] 2013 – Fred Martin, Scottish footballer (b. 1929) 2013 – Enos Nkala, Zimbabwean politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Defence (b. 1932) 2014 – Gerry Anderson, Irish radio and television host (b. 1944) 2014 – Helen Bamber, English psychotherapist and academic (b. 1925) 2014 – Steven R. Nagel, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1946) 2014 – Jean Redpath, Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1937) 2014 – Albert Reynolds, Irish businessman and politician, ninth Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1932) 2015 – Colin Beyer, New Zealand lawyer and businessman (b. 1938) 2015 – Wang Dongxing, Chinese commander and politician (b. 1916) 2015 – Jimmy Evert, American tennis player and coach (b. 1924) 2017 – Bajram Rexhepi, First Kosovan Prime Ministers of UN mission administration in Kosovo (b. 1954) 2018 – Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor and singer (b. 1975)[48] 2019 – Celso Piña, Mexican singer, composer, arranger, and accordionist (b. 1953)[49] Holidays and observances Christian Feast Day: Abraham of Smolensk (Eastern Orthodox Church) Euprepius of Verona Maximilian of Antioch Our Lady of Knock Pope Pius X Sidonius Apollinaris August 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Ninoy Aquino Day (Philippines) Youth Day (Morocco) World Senior Citizen's Day[50] International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism

August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 133 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of the Levant away from the Byzantine Empire, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests and the rapid advance of Islam outside Arabia. 917 – Battle of Acheloos: Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria decisively defeats a Byzantine army. 1083 – Canonization of the first King of Hungary, Saint Stephen and his son Saint Emeric celebrated as a National Day in Hungary. 1191 – Richard I of England initiates the Massacre at Ayyadieh, leaving 2,600–3,000 Muslim hostages dead. 1308 – Pope Clement V pardons Jacques de Molay, the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, absolving him of charges of heresy. 1391 – Konrad von Wallenrode becomes the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. 1467 – The Second Battle of Olmedo takes places as part of a succession conflict between Henry IV of Castile and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of Asturias. 1519 – Philosopher and general Wang Yangming defeats Zhu Chenhao, ending the Prince of Ning rebellion against the reign of the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor. 1601–1900 1648 – The Battle of Lens is the last major military confrontation of the Thirty Years' War, contributing to the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in October that year.[1] 1672 – Former Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and his brother Cornelis are lynched by a mob in The Hague. 1707 – The first Siege of Pensacola comes to an end with the failure of the British to capture Pensacola, Florida. 1710 – War of the Spanish Succession: A multinational army led by the Austrian commander Guido Starhemberg defeats the Spanish-Bourbon army commanded by Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay in the Battle of Saragossa. 1775 – The Spanish establish the Presidio San Augustin del Tucson in the town that became Tucson, Arizona. 1794 – Northwest Indian War: United States troops force a confederacy of Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware, Wyandot, Miami, Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi warriors into a disorganized retreat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. 1852 – Steamboat Atlantic sank on Lake Erie after a collision, with the loss of at least 150 lives. 1858 – Charles Darwin first publishes his theory of evolution through natural selection in The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, alongside Alfred Russel Wallace's same theory. 1864 – Bakumatsu: Kinmon incident: The Chōshū Domain attempts to expel the Satsuma and Aizu Domains from Japan's imperial court.[2] 1866 – President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over. 1882 – Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow, Russia. 1901–present 1905 – Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren, and others establish the Tongmenghui, a Republican, anti-Qing revolutionary organisation, in Tokyo, Japan.[3] 1910 – Extreme fire weather in the Inland Northwest of the United States causes many small wildfires to coalesce into the Great Fire of 1910, burning approximately 3 million acres (12,000 km2) and killing 87 people. 1914 – World War I: Brussels is captured during the German invasion of Belgium. 1920 – The first commercial radio station, 8MK (now WWJ), begins operations in Detroit.[4] 1920 – The National Football League is organized as the American Professional Football Conference in Canton, Ohio 1926 – Japan's public broadcasting company, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK) is established. 1938 – Lou Gehrig hits his 23rd career grand slam, a record that stood for 75 years until it was broken by Alex Rodriguez. 1940 – In Mexico City, exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded with an ice axe by Ramón Mercader. He dies the next day. 1940 – World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill makes the fourth of his famous wartime speeches, containing the line "Never was so much owed by so many to so few". 1940 – World War II: The Eighth Route Army launches the Hundred Regiments Offensive, a successful campaign to disrupt Japanese war infrastructure and logistics in occupied northern China.[5] 1944 – World War II: One hundred sixty-eight captured allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused by the Gestapo of being "terror fliers", arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp. 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Romania begins with a major Soviet Union offensive. 1948 – Soviet Consul General in New York, Jacob M. Lomakin is expelled by the United States, due to the Kasenkina Case.[6] 1949 – Hungary adopts the Hungarian Constitution of 1949 and becomes a People's Republic.[7] 1955 – Battle of Philippeville: In Morocco, a force of Berbers from the Atlas Mountains region of Algeria raid two rural settlements and kill 77 French nationals. 1960 – Senegal breaks from the Mali Federation, declaring its independence. 1962 – The NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered civilian ship, embarks on its maiden voyage. 1968 – Cold War: Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia, crushing the Prague Spring. East German participation is limited to a few specialists due to memories of the recent war. Only Albania and Romania refuse to participate. 1975 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars. 1975 – ČSA Flight 540 crashes on approach to Damascus International Airport in Damascus, Syria, killing 126 people.[8] 1977 – Voyager program: NASA launches the Voyager 2 spacecraft. 1986 – In Edmond, Oklahoma, U.S. Postal employee Patrick Sherrill guns down 14 of his co-workers and then commits suicide. 1988 – "Black Saturday" of the Yellowstone fire in Yellowstone National Park 1988 – Iran–Iraq War: A ceasefire is agreed after almost eight years of war. 1988 – The Troubles: Eight British soldiers are killed and 28 wounded when their bus is hit by an IRA roadside bomb in Ballygawley, County Tyrone. 1989 – The pleasure boat Marchioness sinks on the River Thames following a collision. Fifty-one people are killed. 1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union, August Coup: More than 100,000 people rally outside the Soviet Union's parliament building protesting the coup aiming to depose President Mikhail Gorbachev. 1991 – Estonia, occupied by and incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, issues a decision on the re-establishment of independence on the basis of legal continuity of its pre-occupation statehood. 1992 – In India, Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language) was included in the scheduled languages' list and made one of the official languages of the Indian Government.[9][10][11][12] 1993 – After rounds of secret negotiations in Norway, the Oslo Accords are signed, followed by a public ceremony in Washington, D.C. the following month. 1995 – The Firozabad rail disaster kills 358 people in Firozabad, India. 1997 – Souhane massacre in Algeria; over 60 people are killed and 15 kidnapped. 1998 – The Supreme Court of Canada rules that Quebec cannot legally secede from Canada without the federal government's approval. 1998 – U.S. embassy bombings: The United States launches cruise missile attacks against alleged al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical weapons plant in Sudan in retaliation for the August 7 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. 2002 – A group of Iraqis opposed to the regime of Saddam Hussein take over the Iraqi embassy in Berlin, Germany for five hours before releasing their hostages and surrendering. 2006 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politician and former MP S. Sivamaharajah is shot dead at his home in Tellippalai. 2007 – China Airlines Flight 120 catches fire and explodes after landing at Naha Airport in Okinawa, Japan. 2008 – Spanair Flight 5022, from Madrid, Spain to Gran Canaria, skids off the runway and crashes at Barajas Airport. Of the 172 people on board, 146 die immediately, and eight more later die of injuries sustained in the crash. 2012 – A prison riot in the Venezuelan capital, Caracas, kills at least 20 people. 2014 – Seventy-two people are killed in Japan's Hiroshima Prefecture by a series of landslides caused by a month's worth of rain that fell in one day. 2016 – Fifty-four people are killed when a suicide bomber detonates himself at a Kurdish wedding party in Gaziantep, Turkey. 2020 – Joe Biden gives his acceptance speech virtually for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[13] Births Pre-1600 1377 – Shahrukh Mirza, ruler of Persia and Transoxiania (d. 1447)[14] 1517 – Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, French cardinal and art collector (d. 1586)[15] 1561 – Jacopo Peri, Italian singer and composer (d. 1633)[16] 1601–1900 1625 – Thomas Corneille, French playwright and philologist (d. 1709)[17] 1632 – Louis Bourdaloue, French preacher and academic (d. 1704)[18] 1659 – Henry Every, English pirate (d. 1696)[19] 1710 – Thomas Simpson, English mathematician and academic (d. 1761) 1719 – Christian Mayer, Czech astronomer and educator (d. 1783) 1720 – Bernard de Bury, French harpsichord player and composer (d. 1785) 1778 – Bernardo O'Higgins, Chilean general and politician, 2nd Supreme Director of Chile (d. 1842) 1779 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist and academic (d. 1848) 1789 – Abbas Mirza, Qajar crown prince of Persia (d. 1833) 1799 – James Prinsep, English orientalist and scholar (d. 1840) 1833 – Benjamin Harrison, American general, lawyer, and politician, 23rd President of the United States (d. 1901) 1845 – Albert Chmielowski, Polish saint, founded the Albertine Brothers (d. 1916) 1847 – Andrew Greenwood, English cricketer (d. 1889) 1847 – Bolesław Prus, Polish journalist and author (d. 1912) 1856 – Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, German poet and playwright (d. 1909) 1857 – George Griffith, British writer (d. 1906)[20] 1860 – Raymond Poincaré, French lawyer and politician, 10th President of France (d. 1934) 1865 – Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer and lawyer (d. 1911) 1868 – Ellen Roosevelt, American tennis player (d. 1954) 1873 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish architect and academic, co-designed the National Museum of Finland (d. 1950) 1881 – Edgar Guest, English-American poet and author (d. 1959) 1881 – Aleksander Hellat, Estonian politician, 6th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1943) 1884 – Rudolf Bultmann, German Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament at the University of Marburg (d. 1976) 1885 – Dino Campana, Italian poet and author (d. 1932) 1886 – Paul Tillich, German-American philosopher and theologian (d. 1965) 1887 – Phan Khôi, Vietnamese journalist and scholar (d. 1959) 1888 – Tôn Đức Thắng, Vietnamese politician, 2nd President of Vietnam (d. 1980) 1890 – H. P. Lovecraft, American short story writer, editor, novelist (d. 1937) 1896 – Gostha Pal, Indian footballer (d. 1976) 1897 – Tarjei Vesaas, Norwegian author and poet (d. 1970) 1898 – Vilhelm Moberg, Swedish historian, journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1973) 1901–present 1901 – Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian novelist and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968) 1905 – Jean Gebser, German linguist, poet, and philosopher (d. 1973) 1905 – Mikio Naruse, Japanese director and screenwriter (d. 1969) 1905 – Jack Teagarden, American singer-songwriter and trombonist (d. 1964) 1906 – Vidrik Rootare, Estonian chess player (d. 1981) 1908 – Al López, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)[21] 1909 – André Morell, English actor (d. 1978)[22] 1909 – Alby Roberts, New Zealand cricketer and rugby player (d. 1978) 1910 – Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect and furniture designer, designed the Gateway Arch (d. 1961) 1912 – John H. Michaelis, American general (d. 1985) 1913 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neuropsychologist and neurobiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994) 1915 – Ivo Rojnica, Croatian-Argentine war crimes suspect, businessman, diplomat, and intelligence agent (d. 2007)[23] 1916 – Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian–German chess player and chemist (d. 1984) 1917 – Terry Sanford, 65th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1998)[24] 1918 – Jacqueline Susann, American actress and author (d. 1974) 1919 – Walter Bernstein, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2021) 1919 – Adamantios Androutsopoulos, Greek lawyer, educator and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2000) 1920 – H. R. Van Dongen, American illustrator (d. 2010)[25] 1921 – Keith Froome, Australian rugby league player (d. 1978)[26] 1921 – Jack Wilson, Australian cricketer (d. 1985) 1923 – Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (d. 1964) 1924 – George Zuverink, American baseball player (d. 2014) 1926 – Frank Rosolino, American jazz trombonist (d. 1978) 1926 – Nobby Wirkowski, American-Canadian football player and coach (d. 2014) 1927 – John Boardman, English archaeologist and historian (d. 2024) 1927 – Yootha Joyce, English actress (d. 1980) 1927 – Fred Kavli, Norwegian-American businessman and philanthropist, founded The Kavli Foundation (d. 2013) 1927 – Peter Oakley, English soldier and blogger (d. 2014) 1929 – Kevin Heffernan, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2013) 1930 – Mario Bernardi, Canadian pianist and conductor (d. 2013) 1930 – Peter Randall, English sergeant (d. 2007) 1931 – Don King, American boxing promoter[21] 1932 – Anthony Ainley, English actor (d. 2004)[27] 1932 – Vasily Aksyonov, Russian physician, author, and academic (d. 2009) 1932 – Atholl McKinnon, South African cricketer (d. 1983) 1933 – Ted Donaldson, American actor (d. 2023)[28] 1933 – George J. Mitchell, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician[29] 1934 – Sneaky Pete Kleinow, American country-rock pedal-steel guitarist and songwriter (d. 2007) 1934 – Tom Mangold, German-English journalist and author 1935 – Ron Paul, American captain, physician, and politician[21] 1936 – Hideki Shirakawa, Japanese chemist, engineer, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1937 – Stelvio Cipriani, Italian composer (d. 2018) 1937 – Andrei Konchalovsky, Russian director, producer, and screenwriter 1937 – Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter and bassist (d. 2009) 1938 – Jean-Loup Chrétien, French military officer and astronaut[30] 1938 – Peter Day, English chemist and academic (d. 2020) 1938 – Alain Vivien, French politician 1939 – Fernando Poe Jr., Filipino actor and politician (d. 2004) 1939 – Mike Velarde, Filipino televangelist and religious leader 1940 – Rubén Hinojosa, American businessman and politician 1940 – Gus Macdonald, Scottish academic and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office 1940 – Rex Sellers, Indian-Australian cricketer 1941 – Dave Brock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1941 – Rich Brooks, American football player and coach 1941 – Anne Evans, English soprano and actress 1941 – William H. Gray, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013) 1941 – Slobodan Milošević, Serbian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Serbia (d. 2006)[21] 1941 – Robin Oakley, English journalist and author 1941 – Jo Ramírez, Mexican race car driver and manager 1942 – Isaac Hayes, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor (d. 2008)[21] 1942 – Fred Norman, American baseball player 1943 – Roger Gale, English journalist and politician 1943 – Sylvester McCoy, Scottish actor[21] 1944 – Rajiv Gandhi, Indian lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of India (d. 1991)[21] 1944 – Graig Nettles, American baseball player and manager 1944 – José Wilker, Brazilian actor and director (d. 2014) 1945 – Roy Gardner, English businessman 1946 – Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of Fatimid Caliphate 1946 – Henryk Broder, Polish-German journalist and author 1946 – Connie Chung, American journalist[31] 1946 – Laurent Fabius, French politician, 158th Prime Minister of France 1946 – Ralf Hütter, German singer and keyboard player 1946 – N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman, co-founded Infosys 1947 – Alan Lee, English painter and illustrator 1947 – James Pankow, American musician[31] 1947 – Ray Wise, American actor[31] 1948 – John Noble, Australian actor and director[31] 1948 – Robert Plant, English singer-songwriter[31] 1949 – Nikolas Asimos, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1988) 1949 – Phil Lynott, Irish singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (d. 1986) 1951 – Greg Bear, American author (d. 2022)[21] 1951 – DeForest Soaries, American minister and politician, 30th Secretary of State of New Jersey 1952 – John Emburey, English cricketer and coach 1952 – Doug Fieger, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010) 1952 – John Hiatt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[31] 1952 – Ric Menello, American director and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1953 – Gerry Bertier, American football player (d. 1981) 1953 – Peter Horton, American actor and director[31] 1953 – Mike Jackson, American politician 1953 – Jim Trenton, American radio host and actor 1953 – Leroy Burgess, American singer, songwriter, keyboard player, recording artist, and record producer 1954 – Quinn Buckner, American basketball player and coach 1954 – Tawn Mastrey, American radio host and producer (d. 2007) 1954 – Al Roker, American news anchor, television personality, and author[31] 1955 – Agnes Chan, Hong Kong singer and author 1955 – Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon, English politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1956 – Joan Allen, American actress[31] 1956 – Alvin Greenidge, Barbadian cricketer 1956 – Desmond Swayne, English soldier and politician, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household 1957 – Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby player 1957 – Jim Calder, Scottish rugby player 1957 – Simon Donaldson, English mathematician and academic 1957 – Sorin Antohi, Romanian journalist and historian 1957 – Paul Johnson, American football coach 1958 – Nigel Dodds, Northern Irish lawyer and politician 1958 – Patricia Rozema, Canadian director and screenwriter 1958 – David O. Russell, American director and screenwriter[21] 1958 – John Stehr, American journalist 1960 – Dom Duff, Breton singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer 1960 – Mark Langston, American baseball player 1961 – Amanda Sonia Berry, English businesswoman 1962 – James Marsters, American actor[31] 1963 – Uwe Bialon, German footballer and manager 1963 – Kal Daniels, American baseball player 1963 – José Cecena, Mexican baseball player 1964 – Azarias Ruberwa, Congolese lawyer and politician, Vice-President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1965 – KRS-One, American rapper and producer[31] 1966 – Miguel Albaladejo, Spanish director and screenwriter 1966 – Colin Cunningham, American actor[31] 1966 – Dimebag Darrell, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2004) 1966 – Enrico Letta, Italian lawyer and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Italy 1966 – Liu Chunyan, Chinese host and voice actress 1967 – Andy Benes, American baseball player 1968 – Brett Angell, English footballer and coach 1968 – Abdelatif Benazzi, Moroccan-French rugby player 1968 – Sandy Brondello, Australian basketball player and coach[32] 1968 – Klas Ingesson, Swedish footballer and manager (d. 2014) 1968 – Yuri Shiratori, Japanese voice actress and singer 1968 – Bai Yansong, Chinese host 1969 – Billy Gardell, American comedian, actor, and producer[31] 1969 – Mark Holzemer, American baseball player and scout 1969 – Santeri Kinnunen, Finnish actor[33] 1970 – Els Callens, Belgian tennis player and sportscaster 1970 – Fred Durst, American singer-songwriter[31] 1971 – Nenad Bjelica, Croatian footballer and manager 1971 – Matt Calland, English rugby player and coach 1971 – Ke Huy Quan, Vietnamese-American actor[31] 1971 – Steve Stone, English footballer and coach 1971 – David Walliams, English comedian, actor, and author 1972 – Derrick Alston, American basketball player 1972 – Melvin Booker, American basketball player 1972 – Chaney Kley, American actor (d. 2007) 1972 – Scott Quinnell, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster 1972 – Anna Umemiya, Japanese model and actress 1973 – Alban Bushi, Albanian footballer 1973 – Alexandre Finazzi, Brazilian footballer 1973 – Scott Goodman, Australian swimmer 1973 – Todd Helton, American baseball player 1973 – Cameron Mather, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster 1973 – José Paniagua, Dominican baseball player 1973 – Donn Swaby, American actor and screenwriter 1973 – Juan Becerra Acosta, Mexican journalist 1974 – Amy Adams, American actress[21] 1974 – Misha Collins, American actor[31] 1974 – Szabolcs Sáfár, Hungarian footballer and coach 1974 – Andy Strachan, Australian drummer and songwriter 1974 – Maxim Vengerov, Russian-Israeli violinist and conductor 1975 – Marcin Adamski, Polish footballer and manager 1975 – Marko Martin, Estonian pianist and educator 1975 – Shaun Newton, English footballer 1975 – Elijah Williams, American football player and coach 1976 – Chris Drury, American ice hockey player 1976 – Cornel Frăsineanu, Romanian footballer 1976 – Tony Grant, Irish footballer 1976 – Kristen Miller, American actress, producer, and screenwriter 1976 – Marcel Podszus, German footballer 1976 – Fabio Ulloa, Honduran footballer 1977 – Paolo Bianco, Italian footballer 1977 – Wayne Brown, English footballer 1977 – Felipe Contepomi, Argentine rugby player, coach, and physician 1977 – Manuel Contepomi, Argentine rugby player 1977 – Shockmain Davis, American football player 1977 – Stéphane Gillet, Luxembourgian footballer 1977 – Aaron Hamill, Australian footballer and coach 1977 – Ívar Ingimarsson, Icelandic footballer 1977 – James Ormond, English cricketer 1977 – Josh Pearce, American baseball player 1977 – Aaron Taylor, American baseball player 1978 – Alberto Martín, Spanish tennis player 1978 – Emir Mkademi, Tunisian footballer 1978 – Chris Schroder, American baseball player 1979 – Sarah Borwell, English tennis player 1979 – Jamie Cullum, English singer-songwriter and pianist 1979 – Cory Sullivan, American baseball player 1981 – Ben Barnes, English actor[31] 1981 – Brett Finch, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster 1981 – Artur Kotenko, Estonian footballer 1981 – Bernard Mendy, French footballer 1981 – Craig Ochs, American football player 1981 – Byron Saxton, American wrestler, manager, and sportscaster 1982 – Cléber Luis Alberti, Brazilian footballer 1982 – Aleksandr Amisulashvili, Georgian footballer 1982 – Monty Dumond, South African rugby player 1982 – Youssouf Hersi, Ethiopian footballer 1982 – Joshua Kennedy, Australian footballer 1982 – Mijaín López, Cuban wrestler 1982 – Meghan Ory, Canadian actress[31] 1982 – Richard Petiot, Canadian ice hockey player 1982 – Barney Rogers, Zimbabwean cricketer 1982 – Enyelbert Soto, Venezuelan-Japanese baseball player 1983 – Hamza Abdullah, American football player 1983 – Paulo André Cren Benini, Brazilian footballer 1983 – Andrew Garfield, American-English actor[31] 1983 – Héctor Landazuri, Colombian footballer 1983 – Mladen Pelaić, Croatian footballer 1983 – Brian Schaefering, American football player 1983 – Yuri Zhirkov, Russian footballer 1984 – Aílton José Almeida, Brazilian footballer 1984 – Pavel Eismann, Czech footballer 1984 – Laura Georges, French footballer 1984 – Jamie Hoffmann, American baseball player 1984 – Ingrid Lukas, Estonian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist 1985 – Brant Daugherty, American actor[31] 1985 – Glen Buttriss, Australian rugby league player 1985 – Blake DeWitt, American baseball player 1985 – Thomas Domingo, French rugby player 1985 – Matt Hague, American baseball player 1985 – Jack King, English footballer 1985 – Álvaro Negredo, Spanish footballer 1985 – Willie Ripia, New Zealand rugby player 1985 – Joe Vitale, American ice hockey player 1985 – Stephen Ward, Irish footballer 1985 – Mark Washington, American football player 1986 – Andrew Surman, South African-English footballer 1986 – Steven Zalewski, American ice hockey player 1987 – Stefan Aigner, German footballer 1987 – Gunther, Austrian wrestler[34] 1987 – Manny Jacinto, Canadian actor[21] 1987 – Vedran Janjetović, Croatian-Australian footballer 1987 – Sido Jombati, Portuguese footballer 1987 – Egon Kaur, Estonian race car driver 1988 – Jerryd Bayless, American basketball player 1988 – Sarah R, Lotfi, American director, producer, and screenwriter 1988 – José Zamora, Spanish footballer 1989 – Kirko Bangz, American rapper and producer 1989 – Nebil Gahwagi, Hungarian footballer 1989 – Silas Kiplagat, Kenyan runner 1989 – Slavcho Shokolarov, Bulgarian footballer 1989 – Judd Trump, English snooker player 1989 – Dean Winnard, English footballer 1990 – Macauley Chrisantus, Nigerian footballer 1990 – Culoe De Song, South African music producer and DJ 1990 – Venelin Filipov, Bulgarian footballer 1990 – Leigh Griffiths, Scottish footballer 1990 – Fabien Jarsalé, French footballer 1990 – Bradley Klahn, American tennis player 1990 – Ranomi Kromowidjojo, Dutch swimmer[35] 1991 – Marko Djokovic, Serbian tennis player 1991 – Jyrki Jokipakka, Finnish hockey player 1991 – Cory Joseph, Canadian basketball player[36] 1992 – Matt Eisenhuth, Australian rugby league player 1992 – Carolina Horta, Brazilian beach volleyball player[37] 1992 – Demi Lovato, American singer-songwriter and actress[31] 1992 – Alex Newell, American actor and singer[21] 1992 – Deniss Rakels, Latvian footballer[38] 1992 – Callum Skinner, Scottish track cyclist[39] 1993 – Tonisha Rock-Yaw, Barbadian netball player[40] 1994 – Mitchell Trubisky, American football player[41] 1995 – Liana Liberato, American actress[21] 1996 – Bunty Afoa, New Zealand rugby league player[42] 1997 – Daniel Vladař, Czech ice hockey player[43] 1998 – Lieke Klaver, Dutch athlete[44] 2003 – Prince Gabriel of Belgium[45] Deaths Pre-1600 AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, Roman son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (b. 12 BC) 535 – Mochta, Irish missionary and saint 651 – Oswine of Deira 768 – Eadberht of Northumbria 917 – Constantine Lips, Byzantine admiral 984 – Pope John XIV 1153 – Bernard of Clairvaux, French theologian and saint (b. 1090) 1158 – Rögnvald Kali Kolsson (b. 1100), Earl of Orkney and Saint 1297 – William Fraser, bishop and Guardian of Scotland 1348 – Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1319) 1384 – Geert Groote, Dutch preacher, founded the Brethren of the Common Life (b. 1340) 1386 – Bo Jonsson, royal marshal of Sweden 1471 – Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (b. 1413) 1528 – Georg von Frundsberg, German knight and landowner (b. 1473) 1572 – Miguel López de Legazpi, Spanish navigator and politician, 1st Governor-General of the Philippines (b. 1502) 1580 – Jerónimo Osório, Portuguese historian and author (b. 1506) 1601–1900 1611 – Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish priest and composer (b. 1548) 1639 – Martin Opitz, German poet and hymnwriter (b. 1597) 1648 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1583) 1651 – Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Polish nobleman (b. 1612) 1672 – Cornelis de Witt, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1623) 1672 – Johan de Witt, Dutch mathematician and politician (b. 1625) 1680 – William Bedloe, English spy (b. 1650) 1701 – Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright and politician (b. 1639) 1707 – Nicolas Gigault, French organist and composer (b. 1627) 1773 – Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian and author (b. 1701) 1785 – Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (b. 1714) 1823 – Pope Pius VII (b. 1740) 1825 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English admiral and politician, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1753) 1835 – Agnes Bulmer, English merchant and poet (b. 1775) 1854 – Shiranui Dakuemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 8th Yokozuna (b. 1801) 1859 – Juan Bautista Ceballos, President of Mexico (1853) (b. 1811)[46] 1882 – James Whyte, Scottish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1820) 1887 – Jules Laforgue, French poet and author (b. 1860) 1893 – Alexander Wassilko von Serecki, Austrian lawyer and politician (b. 1827) 1897 – Charles Lilley, English-Australian politician, 4th Premier of Queensland (b. 1827) 1901–present 1912 – William Booth, English preacher, co-founded The Salvation Army (b. 1829) 1914 – Pope Pius X (b. 1835) 1915 – Paul Ehrlich, German physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854) 1917 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835) 1919 – Greg MacGregor, Scottish cricketer and rugby player (b. 1869) 1930 – Charles Bannerman, Australian cricketer and umpire (b. 1851) 1936 – Edward Weston, English-American chemist (b. 1850) 1939 – Agnes Giberne, Indian-English astronomer and author (b. 1845) 1942 – István Horthy, Hungarian admiral and pilot (b. 1904) 1943 – William Irvine, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Victoria (b. 1858) 1949 – Ragnhild Kaarbø, Norwegian painter (b. 1889)[47] 1951 – İzzettin Çalışlar, Turkish general (b. 1882) 1961 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882) 1963 – Joan Voûte, Dutch astronomer (b. 1879) 1965 – Jonathan Daniels, American seminarian and civil rights activist (b. 1939) 1971 – Rashid Minhas, Pakistani lieutenant and pilot (b. 1951) 1976 – Vera Lutz, British economist (b. 1912)[48] 1979 – Christian Dotremont, Belgian painter and poet (b. 1922) 1980 – Joe Dassin, American-French singer-songwriter (b. 1938) 1981 – Michael Devine, Irish Republican Hunger Striker[49] 1982 – Ulla Jacobsson, Swedish actress (b. 1929) 1985 – Donald O. Hebb, Canadian psychologist and academic (b. 1904) 1985 – Wilhelm Meendsen-Bohlken, German admiral (b. 1897) 1986 – Milton Acorn, Canadian poet and playwright (b. 1923) 1987 – Walenty Kłyszejko, Estonian–Polish basketball player and coach (b. 1909) 1993 – Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher and academic (b. 1912) 1995 – Hugo Pratt, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1927) 1996 – Rio Reiser, German singer-songwriter (b. 1950) 1997 – Norris Bradbury, American soldier, physicist, and academic (b. 1909) 1997 – Léon Dion, Canadian political scientist and academic (b. 1922) 1998 – Vũ Văn Mẫu, 10th and final Prime Minister of South Vietnam (b. 1914)[50] 2001 – Fred Hoyle, English astronomer and author (b. 1915) 2001 – Kim Stanley, American actress (b. 1925) 2005 – Thomas Herrion, American football player (b. 1981) 2005 – Krzysztof Raczkowski, Polish drummer and songwriter (b. 1970) 2006 – Bryan Budd, Northern Ireland-born English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1977) 2006 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer and journalist (b. 1911) 2006 – S. Sivamaharajah, Sri Lankan Tamil newspaper publisher and politician (b. 1938) 2007 – Leona Helmsley, American businesswoman (b. 1920)[51] 2008 – Ed Freeman, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1927) 2008 – Hua Guofeng, Chinese politician, 2nd Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1921) 2008 – Stephanie Tubbs Jones, American lawyer and politician (b. 1949) 2008 – Gene Upshaw, American football player (b. 1945) 2009 – Larry Knechtel, American keyboardist and bass player (b. 1940) 2009 – Karla Kuskin, American author and illustrator (b. 1932) 2010 – Đặng Phong, Vietnamese economist and historian (b. 1937) 2011 – Ram Sharan Sharma, Indian historian and academic (b. 1919) 2012 – Phyllis Diller, American actress and comedian (b. 1917) 2012 – Daryl Hine, Canadian-American poet and academic (b. 1936) 2012 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese journalist and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1916) 2012 – Len Quested, English footballer and manager (b. 1925) 2012 – Mika Yamamoto, Japanese journalist (b. 1967) 2012 – Meles Zenawi, Ethiopian soldier and politician, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (b. 1955) 2013 – Sathima Bea Benjamin, South African singer-songwriter (b. 1936) 2013 – Narendra Dabholkar, Indian author and activist (b. 1945) 2013 – Don Hassler, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1929) 2013 – Elmore Leonard, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter (b. 1925) 2013 – Marian McPartland, English-American pianist and composer (b. 1918) 2013 – John W. Morris, American general (b. 1921) 2013 – Ted Post, American director and screenwriter (b. 1918) 2014 – Anton Buslov, Russian astrophysicist and journalist (b. 1983) 2014 – Lois Mai Chan, Taiwanese-American librarian, author, and academic (b. 1934) 2014 – Boris Dubin, Russian sociologist and academic (b. 1946) 2014 – B. K. S. Iyengar, Indian yoga instructor and author, founded Iyengar Yoga (b. 1918) 2014 – Buddy MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter and fiddler (b. 1924) 2014 – Sava Stojkov, Serbian painter and educator (b. 1925) 2014 – Edmund Szoka, American cardinal (b. 1927) 2015 – Egon Bahr, German journalist and politician, Federal Minister for Special Affairs of Germany (b. 1922) 2015 – Paul Kibblewhite, New Zealand chemist and engineer (b. 1941) 2015 – Frank Wilkes, Australian soldier and politician (b. 1922) 2017 – Jerry Lewis, American actor and comedian (b. 1926) 2018 – Uri Avnery, Israeli writer, politician and peace activist (b. 1923)[52] 2018 – Jennifer Ramírez Rivero, Venezuelan model (b. 1978)[53] 2021 – Igor Vovkovinskiy, Ukrainian-American law student and actor, American tallest person (b. 1982)[54] 2022 – Darya Dugina, Russian journalist (b. 1992) [55] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Amadour Bernard of Clairvaux Blessed Georg Häfner Heliodorus of Bet Zabdai Maria De Mattias Oswine of Deira Philibert of Jumièges Samuel (prophet) William and Catherine Booth (Church of England) August 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Feast of Asmá’ (Baháʼí Faith, only if Baháʼí Naw-Rúz falls on March 21) Indian Akshay Urja Day (India) Independence Restoration Day (Estonia), re-declaration of the independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union in 1991. Meitei Language Day, also known as Manipuri Language Day, the day on which Meitei (Manipuri) was included in the scheduled languages' list and made one of the official languages of India.[11][56][57] Revolution of the King and the People (Morocco) Saint Stephen's Day (Hungary) World Mosquito Day

August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 134 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.[1] 43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. 947 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces. 1153 – Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon. 1458 – Pope Pius II is elected the 211th Pope.[2] 1504 – In Ireland, the Hiberno-Norman de Burghs (Burkes) and Cambro-Norman Fitzgeralds fight in the Battle of Knockdoe.[3] 1561 – Mary, Queen of Scots, aged 18, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.[4] 1601–1900 1604 – Eighty Years War: a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange forces the Spanish garrison of Sluis to capitulate.[5] 1612 – The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history. 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire". 1692 – Salem witch trials: In Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft. 1745 – Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45". 1745 – Ottoman–Persian War: In the Battle of Kars, the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by Nader Shah. 1759 – Battle of Lagos: Naval battle during the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. 1772 – Gustav III of Sweden stages a coup d'état, in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the Riksdag and the King.[6] 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Blue Licks: The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Charles Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown. 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning the nickname "Old Ironsides". 1813 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate. 1839 – The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world". 1848 – California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January). 1854 – The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred. 1861 – First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps. 1862 – Dakota War: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way. 1901–present 1903 – The Transfiguration Uprising breaks out in East Thrace, resulting in the establishment of the Strandzha Commune.[7] 1909 – The Indianapolis Motor Speedway opens for automobile racing. William Bourque and his mechanic are killed during the first day's events.[8] 1920 – The Tambov Rebellion breaks out, in response to the Bolshevik policy of Prodrazvyorstka.[9] 1927 – Patriarch Sergius of Moscow proclaims the declaration of loyalty of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Soviet Union. 1934 – The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio. 1934 – The German referendum of 1934 approves Adolf Hitler's appointment as head of state with the title of Führer. 1936 – The Great Purge of the Soviet Union begins when the first of the Moscow Trials is convened. 1940 – First flight of the B-25 Mitchell medium bomber. 1941 – Germany and Romania sign the Tiraspol Agreement, rendering the region of Transnistria under control of the latter.[10] 1942 – World War II: Operation Jubilee (The Dieppe Raid): The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an amphibious assault by allied forces on Dieppe, France and fails. 1944 – World War II: Liberation of Paris: Paris, France rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops. 1945 – August Revolution: Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi, Vietnam. 1953 – Cold War: The CIA and MI6 help to overthrow the government of Mohammad Mosaddegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. 1955 – In the Northeast United States, severe flooding caused by Hurricane Diane, claims 200 lives. 1960 – Cold War: In Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union, downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage. 1960 – Sputnik program: Korabl-Sputnik 2: The Soviet Union launches the satellite with the dogs Belka and Strelka, 40 mice, two rats and a variety of plants. 1964 – Syncom 3, the first geostationary communication satellite, is launched. Two months later, it would enable live coverage of the 1964 Summer Olympics. 1965 – Japanese prime minister Eisaku Satō becomes the first post-World War II sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa Prefecture. 1978 – In Iran, the Cinema Rex fire causes more than 400 deaths. 1980 – Saudia Flight 163, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar burns after making an emergency landing at Riyadh International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, killing 301 people. 1980 – Otłoczyn railway accident: In Poland's worst post-war railway accident, 67 people lose their lives and a further 62 are injured.[11] 1981 – Gulf of Sidra Incident: United States F-14A Tomcat fighters intercept and shoot down two Libyan Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets over the Gulf of Sidra. 1987 – Hungerford massacre: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with a semi-automatic rifle and then commits suicide. 1989 – Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be the first non-communist prime minister in 42 years. 1989 – Several hundred East Germans cross the frontier between Hungary and Austria during the Pan-European Picnic, part of the events that began the process of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. 1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The August Coup begins when Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is placed under house arrest while on holiday in the town of Foros, Ukraine. 1991 – Crown Heights riot begins.[12] 1999 – In Belgrade, Yugoslavia, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milošević. 2002 – Khankala Mi-26 crash: A Russian Mil Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops is hit by a Chechen missile outside Grozny, killing 118 soldiers. 2003 – A truck-bomb attack on United Nations headquarters in Iraq kills the agency's top envoy Sérgio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employees.[13] 2003 – Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing: A suicide attack on a bus in Jerusalem, planned by Hamas, kills 23 Israelis, seven of them children.[14] 2004 – Google Inc. has its initial public offering on Nasdaq.[15] 2005 – The first-ever joint military exercise between Russia and China, called Peace Mission 2005 begins. 2009 – A series of bombings in Baghdad, Iraq, kills 101 and injures 565 others. 2010 – Operation Iraqi Freedom ends, with the last of the United States brigade combat teams crossing the border to Kuwait. 2013 – The Dhamara Ghat train accident kills at least 37 people in the Indian state of Bihar. 2017 – Tens of thousands of farmed non-native Atlantic salmon are accidentally released into the wild in Washington waters in the 2017 Cypress Island Atlantic salmon pen break. Births Pre-1600 232 – Marcus Aurelius Probus, Roman emperor (d. 282)[16] 1342 – Catherine of Bohemia, duchess of Austria (d. 1395) 1398 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana, Spanish poet and politician (d. 1458)[17] 1570 – Salamone Rossi, Italian violinist and composer (probable;[18] d. 1630) 1583 – Daišan, Chinese prince and statesman (d. 1648) 1590 – Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire (d. 1649) 1596 – Elizabeth Stuart, queen of Bohemia (d. 1662)[19] 1601–1900 1609 – Jan Fyt, Flemish painter (d. 1661)[20] 1621 – Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter, etcher, and poet (d. 1674) 1631 – John Dryden, English poet, literary critic and playwright (d. 1700) 1646 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer and academic (d. 1719) 1686 – Eustace Budgell, English journalist and politician (d. 1737) 1689 (baptized) – Samuel Richardson, English author and publisher (d. 1761)[21] 1711 – Edward Boscawen, English admiral and politician (d. 1761) 1719 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1781) 1743 – Madame du Barry, French mistress of Louis XV of France (d. 1793)[22] 1777 – Francis I, king of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)[23] 1815 – Harriette Newell Woods Baker, American editor and children's book writer (d. 1893)[24] 1819 – Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt, Luxembourger-Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1894) 1830 – Julius Lothar Meyer, German chemist (d. 1895) 1835 – Tom Wills, Australian cricketer and pioneer of Australian rules football (d. 1880) 1843 – C. I. Scofield, American minister and theologian (d. 1921) 1846 – Luis Martín, Spanish religious leader, 24th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1906) 1848 – Gustave Caillebotte, French painter and engineer (d. 1894) 1849 – Joaquim Nabuco, Brazilian politician and diplomat (d. 1910) 1858 – Ellen Willmott, English horticulturalist (d. 1934)[25] 1870 – Bernard Baruch, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1965) 1871 – Orville Wright, American engineer and pilot, co-founded the Wright Company (d. 1948)[26] 1873 – Fred Stone, American actor and producer (d. 1959) 1878 – Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (d. 1944) 1881 – George Enescu, Romanian violinist, pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1955)[27] 1881 – George Shepherd, 1st Baron Shepherd (d. 1954) 1883 – Coco Chanel, French fashion designer, founded the Chanel Company (d. 1971)[28] 1883 – José Mendes Cabeçadas, Portuguese admiral and politician, 9th President of Portugal (d. 1965) 1885 – Grace Hutchins, American labor reformer and researcher (d. 1969)[29] 1887 – S. Satyamurti, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1943) 1895 – C. Suntharalingam, Sri Lankan lawyer, academic, and politician (d. 1985) 1899 – Colleen Moore, American actress (d. 1988) 1900 – Gontran de Poncins, French author and adventurer (d. 1962) 1900 – Gilbert Ryle, English philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1976) 1900 – Dorothy Burr Thompson, American archaeologist and art historian (d. 2001) 1901–present 1902 – Ogden Nash, American poet (d. 1971)[30] 1903 – James Gould Cozzens, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1978)[31] 1904 – Maurice Wilks, English engineer and businessman (d. 1963) 1906 – Philo Farnsworth, American inventor, invented the Fusor (d. 1971)[32] 1907 – Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Indian historian, author, and scholar (d. 1979) 1909 – Ronald King, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1988) 1910 – Saint Alphonsa, first woman of Indian origin to be canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church (d. 1946)[33] 1911 – Anna Terruwe, Dutch psychiatrist and author (d. 2004) 1912 – Herb Narvo, Australian rugby league player, coach, and boxer (d. 1958)[34] 1913 – John Argyris, Greek engineer and academic (d. 2004) 1913 – Peter Kemp, Indian-English soldier and author (d. 1993) 1913 – Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003) 1914 – Lajos Baróti, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 2005) 1914 – Fumio Hayasaka, Japanese composer (d. 1955)[35] 1914 – Rose Heilbron, British barrister and judge (d. 2005)[36] 1915 – Ring Lardner, Jr., American journalist and screenwriter (d. 2000) 1915 – Alfred Rouleau, Canadian businessman (d. 1985) 1916 – Dennis Poore, English racing driver and businessman (d. 1987) 1918 – Jimmy Rowles, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1996) 1919 – Malcolm Forbes, American publisher and politician (d. 1990)[37] 1921 – Gene Roddenberry, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1991)[37] 1922 – Jack Holland, Australian rugby league player (d. 1994)[38] 1923 – Edgar F. Codd, English computer scientist, inventor of relational model of data (d. 2003)[39] 1924 – Willard Boyle, Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011) 1924 – William Marshall, American actor, director, and opera singer (d. 2003)[40] 1925 – Claude Gauvreau, Canadian poet and playwright (d. 1971) 1926 – Angus Scrimm, American actor and author (d. 2016) 1928 – Shiv Prasaad Singh, Indian Hindi writer (d. 1998) 1928 – Bernard Levin, English journalist, author, and broadcaster (d. 2004) 1929 – Bill Foster, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016) 1929 – Ion N. Petrovici, Romanian-German neurologist and academic (d. 2021) 1930 – Frank McCourt, American author and educator (d. 2009)[37] 1931 – Bill Shoemaker, American jockey and author (d. 2003)[41] 1932 – Thomas P. Salmon, American lawyer and politician, 75th Governor of Vermont 1932 – Banharn Silpa-archa, Thai politician, Prime Minister (1995–1996) (d. 2016) 1933 – Bettina Cirone, American model and photographer 1933 – David Hopwood, English microbiologist and geneticist 1933 – Debra Paget, American actress[42] 1934 – David Durenberger, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (d. 2023) 1934 – Renée Richards, American tennis player and ophthalmologist 1935 – Bobby Richardson, American baseball player and coach 1936 – Richard McBrien, American priest, theologian, and academic (d. 2015) 1937 – Richard Ingrams, English journalist, founded The Oldie 1937 – William Motzing, American composer and conductor (d. 2014) 1938 – Diana Muldaur, American actress[42] 1938 – Nelly Vuksic, Argentine conductor and musician 1939 – Ginger Baker, English drummer and songwriter (d. 2019)[43] 1940 – Roger Cook, English songwriter, singer, and producer 1940 – Johnny Nash, American singer-songwriter (d. 2020)[37] 1940 – Jill St. John, American model and actress[42] 1941 – John Cootes, Australian rugby league player, priest, and businessman[44] 1941 – Mihalis Papagiannakis, Greek educator and politician (d. 2009) 1942 – Fred Thompson, American actor, lawyer, and politician (d. 2015)[37] 1943 – Don Fardon, English pop singer 1943 – Sid Going, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2024)[45] 1943 – Billy J. Kramer, English pop singer[42] 1944 – Jack Canfield, American author 1944 – Stew Johnson, American basketball player[46] 1944 – Bodil Malmsten, Swedish author and poet (d. 2016) 1944 – Eddy Raven, American country music singer-songwriter[42] 1944 – Charles Wang, Chinese-American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Computer Associates International (d. 2018) 1945 – Dennis Eichhorn, American author and illustrator (d. 2015) 1945 – Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington, English politician 1945 – Ian Gillan, English singer-songwriter[42] 1946 – Charles Bolden, American general and astronaut 1946 – Bill Clinton, American lawyer and politician, 42nd President of the United States[47] 1946 – Dawn Steel, American film producer (d. 1997) 1947 – Dave Dutton, English actor and screenwriter 1947 – Terry Hoeppner, American football player and coach (d. 2007) 1947 – Gerald McRaney, American actor[42] 1947 – Gerard Schwarz, American conductor and director 1947 – Anuška Ferligoj, Slovenian mathematician 1948 – Jim Carter, English actor[42] 1948 – Tipper Gore, American activist and author, former Second Lady of the United States[37] 1948 – Robert Hughes, Australian actor 1948 – Christy O'Connor Jnr, Irish golfer and architect (d. 2016) 1949 – Michael Nazir-Ali, Pakistani-English bishop 1950 – Jennie Bond, English journalist and author 1950 – Sudha Murty, Indian author and teacher, head of Infosys Foundation[48] 1951 – John Deacon, English bass player and songwriter[42] 1951 – Gustavo Santaolalla, Argentinian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1952 – Jonathan Frakes, American actor and director[42] 1952 – Gabriela Grillo, German equestrian (d. 2024)[49][50] 1952 – Jimmy Watson, Canadian ice hockey player[51] 1954 – Oscar Larrauri, Argentinian racing driver 1955 – Mary-Anne Fahey, Australian actress 1955 – Peter Gallagher, American actor[42] 1955 – Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal, Dominica-born English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales 1955 – Ned Yost, American baseball player and manager 1956 – Adam Arkin, American actor, director, and producer[42] 1956 – José Rubén Zamora, Guatemalan journalist 1957 – Paul-Jan Bakker, Dutch cricketer 1957 – Gary Chapman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[42] 1957 – Martin Donovan, American actor and director[42] 1957 – Ian Gould, English cricketer and umpire 1957 – Cesare Prandelli, Italian footballer and manager 1957 – Christine Soetewey, Belgian high jumper 1957 – Gerda Verburg, Dutch trade union leader and politician, Dutch Minister of Agriculture 1958 – Gary Gaetti, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1958 – Anthony Muñoz, American football player and sportscaster 1958 – Brendan Nelson, Australian physician and politician, 47th Minister for Defence for Australia 1958 – Rick Snyder, American politician and businessman, 48th Governor of Michigan 1958 – Darryl Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach[52] 1959 – Chris Mortimer, Australian rugby league player[53] 1959 – Ivan Neville, American singer-songwriter[42] 1959 – Ricky Pierce, American basketball player 1960 – Morten Andersen, Danish-American football player 1960 – Ron Darling, American baseball player and commentator[54] 1961 – Jonathan Coe, English author and academic[55] 1963 – John Stamos, American actor[56] 1965 – Kevin Dillon, American actor[42] 1965 – Kyra Sedgwick, American actress and producer[42] 1965 – James Tomkins, Australian rower[57] 1966 – Lee Ann Womack, American singer-songwriter[42] 1967 – Khandro Rinpoche, Indian spiritual leader 1967 – Satya Nadella, Indian-American business executive, Chairman and CEO of Microsoft[58] 1969 – Douglas Allen Tunstall Jr., American professional wrestler and politician[59] 1969 – Nate Dogg, American rapper (d. 2011) 1969 – Matthew Perry, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2023)[60] 1969 – Kazuyoshi Tatsunami, Japanese baseball player and coach 1969 – Clay Walker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[61] 1970 – Fat Joe, American rapper[42] 1971 – Mary Joe Fernández, Dominican-American tennis player and coach 1971 – João Vieira Pinto, Portuguese footballer 1972 – Roberto Abbondanzieri, Argentinian footballer and manager 1972 – Chihiro Yonekura, Japanese singer-songwriter 1973 – Marco Materazzi, Italian footballer and manager 1973 – Roy Rogers, American basketball player and coach[62] 1973 – Tasma Walton, Australian actress[63] 1975 – Tracie Thoms, American actress[42] 1976 – Régine Chassagne, Canadian singer-songwriter 1977 – Iban Mayo, Spanish cyclist 1978 – Chris Capuano, American baseball player 1978 – Jakub Dvorský, Czech game designer [64] 1978 – Thomas Jones, American football player[65] 1979 – Oumar Kondé, Swiss footballer 1980 – Darius Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 2022) 1980 – Craig Frawley, Australian rugby league player[66] 1980 – Jun Jin, South Korean singer 1980 – Paul Parry, Welsh footballer 1980 – Michael Todd, American bass player 1981 – Nick Kennedy, English rugby player 1981 – Taylor Pyatt, Canadian ice hockey player[67] 1981 – Percy Watson, American football player and wrestler 1982 – Erika Christensen, American actress[42] 1982 – Melissa Fumero, American actress[42] 1982 – J. J. Hardy, American baseball player 1982 – Kevin Rans, Belgian pole vaulter 1982 – Stipe Miocic, American professional mixed martial artist 1982 – Steve Ott, Canadian ice hockey player[68] 1983 – Mike Conway, English racing driver 1983 – Missy Higgins, Australian singer-songwriter 1983 – Tammin Sursok, South African-Australian actress and singer[42] 1984 – Simon Bird, English actor and screenwriter 1984 – Alessandro Matri, Italian footballer 1984 – Ryan Taylor, English footballer 1985 – David A. Gregory, American actor 1985 – Lindsey Jacobellis, American snowboarder 1986 – Sotiris Balafas, Greek footballer 1986 – Saori Kimura, Japanese volleyball player 1986 – Christina Perri, American singer and songwriter[37] 1987 – Patrick Chung, Jamaican-American football player[69] 1987 – Nick Driebergen, Dutch swimmer 1987 – Nico Hülkenberg, German racing driver 1988 – Kirk Cousins, American football player[70] 1988 – Veronica Roth, American author[71] 1989 – Romeo Miller, American basketball player, rapper, actor[72] 1990 – Danny Galbraith, Scottish footballer 1991 – Salem Al-Dawsari, Saudi Arabian footballer[73] 1992 – David Rittich, Czech ice hockey player[74] 1993 – Pio Seci, Fijian rugby league player[75] 1994 – Nafissatou Thiam, Belgian pentathlete and heptathlete[76] 1994 – Fernando Gaviria, Colombian cyclist[77] 1996 – Jung Ye-rin, South Korean singer and actress[78] 1996 – Lachlan Lewis, Australian rugby league player[79] 1999 – Ethan Cutkosky, American actor and musician[42] 1999 – Thomas Flegler, Australian rugby league player[80] 2000 – Keegan Murray, American basketball player[81] 2001 – Awak Kuier, Finnish basketball player[82][83] Deaths Pre-1600 607 BC – Duke Ling of Jin, Chinese monarch[84] AD 14 – Augustus, Roman emperor (b. 63 BC)[85] 780 – Credan, English abbot and saint 947 – Abu Yazid, Kharijite rebel leader (b. 873) 998 – Fujiwara no Sukemasa, Japanese noble, statesman and calligrapher (b. 944) 1072 – Hawise, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1037) 1085 – Al-Juwayni, Muslim scholar and imam (b. 1028) 1186 – Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1158) 1245 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (b. 1195) 1284 – Alphonso, Earl of Chester (b. 1273) 1297 – Louis of Toulouse, French bishop and saint (b. 1274) 1457 – Andrea del Castagno, Italian painter (b. 1421) 1470 – Richard Olivier de Longueil, French cardinal (b. 1406) 1493 – Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1415) 1506 – King Alexander Jagiellon of Poland (b. 1461) 1541 – Vincenzo Cappello, Venetian admiral and statesman (b. 1469)[86] 1580 – Andrea Palladio, Italian architect, designed the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore and Il Redentore (b. 1508) 1601–1900 1646 – Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian and academic (b. 1583) 1654 – Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, Bohemian rabbi (b. 1579) 1662 – Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1623) 1680 – Jean Eudes, French priest, founded the Congregation of Jesus and Mary (b. 1601) 1691 – Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, Ottoman commander and politician, 117th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1637) 1702 – Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of Kent, English politician (b. 1645) 1753 – Johann Balthasar Neumann, German engineer and architect, designed Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (b. 1687) 1808 – Fredrik Henrik af Chapman, Swedish admiral and shipbuilder (b. 1721) 1822 – Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1749) 1883 – Jeremiah S. Black, American lawyer and politician, 24th United States Attorney General (b. 1810) 1889 – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1838) 1895 – John Wesley Hardin, American Old West outlaw, gunfighter (b. 1853)[87] 1900 – Jean-Baptiste Accolay, Belgian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1833) 1901–present 1914 – Franz Xavier Wernz, German religious leader, 25th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1844) 1915 – Tevfik Fikret, Turkish poet and educator (b. 1867) 1923 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian sociologist and economist (b. 1845) 1928 – Stephanos Skouloudis, Greek banker and diplomat, 97th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1838) 1929 – Sergei Diaghilev, Russian critic and producer, founded Ballets Russes (b. 1872) 1932 – Louis Anquetin, French painter (b. 1861) 1936 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet, playwright, and director (b. 1898) 1942 – Harald Kaarmann, Estonian footballer (b. 1901) 1942 – Heinrich Rauchinger, Kraków-born painter (b. 1858)[88] 1944 – Henry Wood, English conductor (b. 1869)[89] 1945 – Tomás Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (b. 1875) 1950 – Giovanni Giorgi, Italian physicist and engineer (b. 1871) 1954 – Alcide De Gasperi, Italian journalist and politician, 30th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1881) 1957 – David Bomberg, English soldier and painter (b. 1890) 1967 – Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-born American author and publisher (b. 1884) 1967 – Isaac Deutscher, Polish-English journalist and historian (b. 1907) 1968 – George Gamow, Ukrainian-American physicist and cosmologist (b. 1904) 1970 – Paweł Jasienica, Polish soldier and historian (b. 1909) 1975 – Mark Donohue, American race car driver and engineer (b. 1937) 1976 – Alastair Sim, Scottish-English actor (b. 1900) 1976 – Ken Wadsworth, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1946) 1977 – Aleksander Kreek, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (b. 1914) 1977 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (b. 1890) 1980 – Otto Frank, German-Swiss businessman, father of Anne Frank (b. 1889) 1981 – Jessie Matthews, English actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1907) 1982 – August Neo, Estonian wrestler (b. 1908) 1986 – Hermione Baddeley, English actress (b. 1906) 1986 – Viv Thicknesse, Australian rugby player (b. 1910)[90] 1993 – Utpal Dutt, Bangladeshi actor, director, and playwright (b. 1929) 1994 – Linus Pauling, American chemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901) 1995 – Pierre Schaeffer, French composer and musicologist (b. 1910) 2000 – Bineshwar Brahma, Indian poet, author, and educator (b. 1948) 2001 – Donald Woods, South African journalist and activist (b. 1933) 2003 – Carlos Roberto Reina, Honduran lawyer and politician, President of Honduras (b. 1926) 2003 – Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (b. 1948) 2005 – Mo Mowlam, English academic and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1949) 2008 – Levy Mwanawasa, Zambian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Zambia (b. 1948) 2009 – Don Hewitt, American television producer, created 60 Minutes (b. 1922) 2011 – Raúl Ruiz, Chilean director and producer (b. 1941) 2012 – Donal Henahan, American journalist and critic (b. 1921) 2012 – Ivar Iversen, Norwegian canoe racer (b. 1914)[91] 2012 – Tony Scott, English-American director and producer (b. 1944) 2012 – Edmund Skellings, American poet and academic (b. 1932) 2013 – Musa'id bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian prince (b. 1923) 2013 – Russell S. Doughten, American director and producer (b. 1927) 2013 – Abdul Rahim Hatif, Afghan politician, 8th President of Afghanistan (b. 1926) 2013 – Donna Hightower, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926) 2014 – Samih al-Qasim, Palestinian poet and journalist (b. 1939) 2014 – Simin Behbahani, Iranian poet and activist (b. 1927) 2014 – James Foley, American photographer and journalist (b. 1973) 2014 – Candida Lycett Green, Anglo-Irish journalist and author (b. 1942) 2015 – George Houser, American minister and activist (b. 1916) 2015 – Sanat Mehta, Indian activist and politician (b. 1935) 2016 – Jack Riley, American actor and voice artist (b. 1935) 2017 – Dick Gregory, American comedian, author and activist (b. 1932)[92] 2019 – Lars Larsen, Danish businessman and billionaire, founder and owner of the Danish retail chain JYSK (b. 1948)[93] 2021 – Sonny Chiba, Japanese actor (b. 1939)[94] 2023 – Václav Patejdl, Slovak musician (b. 1954)[95] Holidays and observances Afghan Independence Day, commemorates the Treaty of Rawalpindi in 1919, granting independence from Britain (Afghanistan) August Revolution Commemoration Day (Vietnam) Birthday of Crown Princess Mette-Marit (Norway) Christian Feast Day: Bernardo Tolomei Bertulf of Bobbio Saint Calminius Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz Feast of the Transfiguration (Julian calendar), and its related observances: Buhe (Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church) Saviour's Transfiguration, popularly known as the "Apples Feast" (Russian Orthodox Church and Georgian Orthodox Church) Jean-Eudes de Mézeray Louis of Toulouse Maginus Magnus of Anagni Magnus of Avignon Sebaldus August 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Manuel Luis Quezón Day (Quezon City and other places in the Philippines named after Manuel L. Quezon) National Aviation Day (United States) World Humanitarian Day[96]

August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 135 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit:[1] Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria. 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei.[2] 1304 – The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle is fought to a draw between the French army and the Flemish militias.[3] 1487 – The Siege of Málaga ends with the taking of the city by Castilian and Aragonese forces. 1492 – The first grammar of the Spanish language (Gramática de la lengua castellana) is presented to Queen Isabella I.[4] 1572 – The Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre marries the Catholic Margaret of Valois, ostensibly to reconcile the feuding Protestants and Catholics of France.[5] 1590 – John White, the governor of the Roanoke Colony, returns from a supply trip to England and finds his settlement deserted.[6] 1601–1900 1612 – The trial of the Pendle witches, one of England's most famous witch trials, begins at Lancaster Assizes. 1634 – Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. 1721 – The city of Shamakhi in Safavid Shirvan is sacked.[7][8] 1783 – A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast. 1809 – The Senate of Finland is established in the Grand Duchy of Finland after the official adoption of the Statute of the Government Council by Tsar Alexander I of Russia.[9] 1826 – Major Gordon Laing becomes the first European to enter Timbuktu.[10] 1838 – The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads. 1848 – Camila O'Gorman and Ladislao Gutierrez are executed on the orders of Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas. 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern: Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. 1868 – French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought. 1877 – American astronomer Asaph Hall discovers Phobos, one of Mars’s moons.[11][12][13] 1891 – A major hurricane strikes Martinique, leaving 700 dead. 1901–present 1903 – German engineer Karl Jatho allegedly flies his self-made, motored gliding airplane four months before the first flight of the Wright brothers. 1917 – A Great Fire in Thessaloniki, Greece, destroys 32% of the city leaving 70,000 individuals homeless. 1920 – The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage. 1923 – The first British Track and Field championships for women are held in London, Great Britain. 1933 – The Volksempfänger is first presented to the German public at a radio exhibition; the presiding Nazi Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, delivers an accompanying speech heralding the radio as the ‘eighth great power’.[14] 1937 – A lightning strike starts the Blackwater Fire of 1937 in Shoshone National Forest, killing 15 firefighters within three days and prompting the United States Forest Service to develop their smokejumper program.[15] 1938 – The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting New York, United States, with Ontario, Canada, over the Saint Lawrence River, is dedicated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. 1940 – World War II: The Hardest Day air battle, part of the Battle of Britain, takes place. At that point, it is the largest aerial engagement in history with heavy losses sustained on both sides. 1945 – Sukarno takes office as the first president of Indonesia, following the country's declaration of independence the previous day. 1945 – Soviet-Japanese War: Battle of Shumshu: Soviet forces land at Takeda Beach on Shumshu Island and launch the Battle of Shumshu; the Soviet Union’s Invasion of the Kuril Islands commences.[16] 1949 – 1949 Kemi strike: Two protesters die in the scuffle between the police and the strikers' protest procession in Kemi, Finland.[17] 1950 – Julien Lahaut, the chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium, is assassinated. The Party newspaper blames royalists and Rexists. 1958 – Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel Lolita is published in the United States. 1958 – Brojen Das from Bangladesh swims across the English Channel in a competition as the first Bengali and the first Asian to do so, placing first among the 39 competitors. 1963 – Civil rights movement: James Meredith becomes the first African American to graduate from the University of Mississippi. 1965 – Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins: United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in the first major American ground battle of the war. 1966 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Long Tan ensues after a patrol from the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment clashes with a Viet Cong force in Phước Tuy Province. 1971 – Vietnam War: Australia and New Zealand decide to withdraw their troops from Vietnam. 1973 – Aeroflot Flight A-13 crashes after takeoff from Baku-Bina International Airport in Azerbaijan, killing 56 people and injuring eight.[18] 1976 – The Korean axe murder incident in Panmunjom results in the deaths of two US Army officers. 1976 – The Soviet Union’s robotic probe Luna 24 successfully lands on the Moon.[19] 1977 – Steve Biko is arrested at a police roadblock under Terrorism Act No. 83 of 1967 in King William's Town, South Africa. He later dies from injuries sustained during this arrest, bringing attention to South Africa's apartheid policies. 1983 – Hurricane Alicia hits the Texas coast, killing 21 people and causing over US$1 billion in damage (1983 dollars). 1989 – Leading presidential hopeful Luis Carlos Galán is assassinated near Bogotá in Colombia. 1993 – American International Airways Flight 808 crashes at Leeward Point Field at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, injuring the three crew members.[20] 2003 – One-year-old Zachary Turner is murdered in Newfoundland by his mother, who was awarded custody despite facing trial for the murder of Zachary's father. The case was documented in the film Dear Zachary and led to reform of Canada's bail laws.[21] 2005 – A massive power blackout hits the Indonesian island of Java; affecting almost 100 million people, it is one of the largest and most widespread power outages in history. 2008 – The President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, resigns under threat of impeachment. 2008 – War of Afghanistan: The Uzbin Valley ambush occurs. 2011 – A terrorist attack on Israel's Highway 12 near the Egyptian border kills 16 and injures 40.[22] 2017 – The first terrorist attack ever sentenced as a crime in Finland kills two and injures eight. 2019 – One hundred activists, officials, and other concerned citizens in Iceland hold a funeral for Okjökull glacier, which has completely melted after having once covered six square miles (15.5 km2).[23] Births Pre-1600 1305 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese Shōgun (d. 1358) 1450 – Marko Marulić, Croatian poet and author (d. 1524)[24] 1458 – Lorenzo Pucci, Catholic cardinal (d. 1531) 1497 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer (d. 1543) 1542 – Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland (d. 1601) 1579 – Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau (d. 1640) 1587 – Virginia Dare, granddaughter of Governor John White of the Colony of Roanoke, first child born to English parents in the Americas (date of death unknown)[25] 1596 – Jean Bolland, Flemish priest and hagiographer (d. 1665) 1601–1900 1605 – Henry Hammond, English churchman and theologian (d. 1660) 1606 – Maria Anna of Spain (d. 1646) 1629 – Agneta Horn, Swedish writer (d. 1672)[26] 1657 – Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect and painter (d. 1743)[27] 1685 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician and theorist (d. 1731) 1692 – Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1740) 1700 – Baji Rao I, first Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d. 1740) 1720 – Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers, English politician (d. 1760) 1750 – Antonio Salieri, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1825) 1754 – François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, French general and engineer (d. 1833) 1774 – Meriwether Lewis, American soldier, explorer, and politician (d. 1809) 1792 – John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1878) 1803 – Nathan Clifford, American lawyer, jurist, and politician, 19th United States Attorney General (d. 1881) 1807 – B. T. Finniss, Australian politician, 1st Premier of South Australia (d. 1893) 1819 – Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1876) 1822 – Isaac P. Rodman, American general and politician (d. 1862) 1830 – Franz Joseph I of Austria (d. 1916) 1831 – Ernest Noel, Scottish businessman and politician (d. 1931) 1834 – Marshall Field, American businessman, founded Marshall Field's (d. 1906) 1841 – William Halford, English-American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1919) 1855 – Alfred Wallis, English painter and illustrator (d. 1942) 1857 – Libert H. Boeynaems, Belgian-American bishop and missionary (d. 1926) 1866 – Mahboob Ali Khan, 6th Nizam of Hyderabad (d. 1911)[28] 1869 – Carl Rungius, German-American painter and educator (d. 1959) 1870 – Lavr Kornilov, Russian general and explorer (d. 1918) 1879 – Alexander Rodzyanko, Russian general (d. 1970) 1885 – Nettie Palmer, Australian poet and critic (d. 1964) 1887 – John Anthony Sydney Ritson, English rugby player, mines inspector, engineer and professor of mining (d. 1957) 1890 – Walther Funk, German economist and politician, Reich Minister of Economics (d. 1960) 1893 – Burleigh Grimes, American baseball player and manager (d. 1985) 1893 – Ernest MacMillan, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 1973) 1896 – Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor and director (d. 1933) 1898 – Clemente Biondetti, Italian race car driver (d. 1955) 1900 – Ruth Bonner, Soviet Communist activist, sentenced to a labor camp during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge (d. 1987) 1900 – Ruth Norman, American religious leader (d. 1993) 1901–present 1902 – Adamson-Eric, Estonian painter (d. 1968) 1902 – Margaret Murie, American environmentalist and author (d. 2003)[29] 1903 – Lucienne Boyer, French singer (d. 1983) 1904 – Max Factor, Jr., American businessman (d. 1996)[30] 1905 – Enoch Light, American bandleader, violinist, and recording engineer (d. 1978) 1906 – Marcel Carné, French director and screenwriter (d. 1996) 1906 – Curtis Jones, American blues pianist and singer (d. 1971) 1908 – Edgar Faure, French historian and politician, 139th Prime Minister of France (d. 1988) 1908 – Olav H. Hauge, Norwegian poet and gardener (d. 1994) 1908 – Bill Merritt, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster (d. 1977) 1909 – Gérard Filion, Canadian businessman and journalist (d. 2005) 1910 – Herman Berlinski, Polish-American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2001) 1910 – Robert Winters, Canadian colonel, engineer, and politician, 26th Canadian Minister of Public Works (d. 1969) 1911 – Amelia Boynton Robinson, American activist (d. 2015) 1911 – Klara Dan von Neumann, Hungarian computer scientist and programmer (d. 1963) 1911 – Maria Ulfah Santoso, Indonesian politician and women's rights activist (d. 1988)[31] 1912 – Otto Ernst Remer, German general (d. 1997) 1913 – Romain Maes, Belgian cyclist (d. 1983) 1914 – Lucy Ozarin, United States Navy lieutenant commander and psychiatrist (d. 2017) 1915 – Max Lanier, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007) 1916 – Neagu Djuvara, Romanian historian, journalist, and diplomat (d. 2018) 1916 – Moura Lympany, English pianist (d. 2005) 1917 – Caspar Weinberger, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2006) 1918 – Cisco Houston, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1961) 1919 – Wally Hickel, American businessman and politician, 2nd Governor of Alaska (d. 2010) 1920 – Godfrey Evans, English cricketer (d. 1999) 1920 – Bob Kennedy, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005) 1920 – Shelley Winters, American actress (d. 2006)[30] 1921 – Lydia Litvyak, Russian lieutenant and pilot (d. 1943) 1921 – Zdzisław Żygulski, Polish historian and academic (d. 2015) 1922 – Alain Robbe-Grillet, French director, screenwriter, and novelist (d. 2008) 1923 – Katherine Victor, American actress (d. 2004)[32] 1925 – Brian Aldiss, English author and critic (d. 2017) 1925 – Pierre Grondin, Canadian surgeon and academic (d. 2006) 1925 – Anis Mansour, Egyptian journalist and author (d. 2011) 1927 – Rosalynn Carter, 41st First Lady of the United States (d. 2023)[33] 1928 – Marge Schott, American businesswoman (d. 2004) 1928 – Sonny Til, American R&B singer (d. 1981) 1929 – Hugues Aufray, French singer-songwriter 1930 – Liviu Librescu, Romanian-American engineer and academic (d. 2007) 1930 – Rafael Pineda Ponce, Honduran academic and politician (d. 2014) 1931 – Bramwell Tillsley, Canadian 14th General of The Salvation Army (d. 2019) 1931 – Hans van Mierlo, Dutch journalist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2010) 1931 – Grant Williams, American film, theater and television actor (d. 1985)[34] 1932 – Luc Montagnier, French virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2022) 1933 – Just Fontaine, Moroccan-French footballer and manager (d. 2023) 1933 – Roman Polanski, French-Polish director, producer, screenwriter, and actor[30] 1933 – Frank Salemme, American gangster and hitman (d. 2022)[35] 1934 – Vincent Bugliosi, American lawyer and author (d. 2015) 1934 – Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and soldier (d. 1972)[30] 1934 – Gulzar, Indian poet, lyricist and film director 1934 – Rafer Johnson, American decathlete and actor (d. 2020)[36] 1934 – Michael May, German-Swiss race car driver and engineer 1935 – Gail Fisher, American actress (d. 2000) 1935 – Hifikepunye Pohamba, Namibian lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Namibia 1936 – Robert Redford, American actor, director, and producer[37] 1937 – Sheila Cassidy, English physician and author 1939 – Maxine Brown, American soul/R&B singer-songwriter 1939 – Robert Horton, English businessman (d. 2011) 1939 – Johnny Preston, American pop singer (d. 2011) 1940 – Adam Makowicz, Polish-Canadian pianist and composer 1940 – Gil Whitney, American journalist (d. 1982) 1942 – Henry G. Sanders, American actor[37] 1943 – Martin Mull, American actor and comedian[37] (d. 2024)[38] 1943 – Gianni Rivera, Italian footballer and politician 1943 – Carl Wayne, English singer and actor (d. 2004) 1944 – Paula Danziger, American author (d. 2004) 1944 – Robert Hitchcock, Australian sculptor and illustrator 1945 – Sarah Dash, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2021) 1945 – Värner Lootsmann, Estonian lawyer and politician 1945 – Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and author (d. 1994) 1948 – James Jones, English bishop 1948 – John Scarlett, English intelligence officer 1949 – Nigel Griggs, English bass player, songwriter, and producer 1950 – Dennis Elliott, English drummer and sculptor 1952 – Elayne Boosler, American actress, director, and screenwriter[37] 1952 – Patrick Swayze, American actor and dancer (d. 2009) 1952 – Ricardo Villa, Argentinian footballer and coach 1953 – Louie Gohmert, American captain, lawyer, and politician 1953 – Marvin Isley, American R&B bass player and songwriter (d. 2010) 1954 – Umberto Guidoni, Italian astrophysicist, astronaut, and politician 1955 – Bruce Benedict, American baseball player and coach 1955 – Taher Elgamal, Egyptian-American cryptographer 1956 – John Debney, American composer and conductor 1956 – Sandeep Patil, Indian cricketer and coach 1956 – Jon Schwartz, American drummer and producer 1956 – Kelly Willard, American singer-songwriter 1956 – Rainer Woelki, German cardinal 1957 – Carole Bouquet, French actress[39] 1957 – Tan Dun, Chinese composer 1957 – Denis Leary, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter[37] 1957 – Ron Strykert, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1958 – Didier Auriol, French race car driver 1958 – Madeleine Stowe, American actress[37] 1959 – Tom Prichard, American wrestler and trainer 1960 – Mike LaValliere, American baseball player 1960 – Fat Lever, American basketball player and sportscaster 1961 – Huw Edwards, Welsh-English journalist and author 1961 – Timothy Geithner, American banker and politician, 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury 1961 – Bob Woodruff, American journalist and author[37] 1962 – Felipe Calderón, Mexican lawyer and politician, 56th President of Mexico[40] 1962 – Geoff Courtnall, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1962 – Adam Storke, American actor[37] 1964 – Craig Bierko, American actor and singer[41] 1964 – Andi Deris, German singer and songwriter 1964 – Mark Sargent, Australian rugby league player 1964 – Kenny Walker, American basketball player and sportscaster 1965 – Ikue Ōtani, Japanese voice actress 1966 – Gustavo Charif, Argentinian director and producer 1967 – Daler Mehndi, Indian Punjabi singer, songwriter and record producer 1967 – Brian Michael Bendis, American author and illustrator 1969 – Everlast, American singer, rapper, and musician[37] 1969 – Masta Killa, American rapper[37] 1969 – Mark Kuhlmann, German rugby player and coach 1969 – Edward Norton, American actor[42] 1969 – Christian Slater, American actor and producer[37] 1970 – Jason Furman, American economist and politician 1970 – Malcolm-Jamal Warner, American actor and producer[37] 1971 – Patrik Andersson, Swedish footballer 1971 – Richard David James, English musician and record producer[43] 1974 – Nicole Krauss, American novelist and critic 1975 – Kaitlin Olson, American actress and comedian[37] 1977 – Paraskevas Antzas, Greek footballer 1977 – Even Kruse Skatrud, Norwegian musician and educator[44] 1978 – Andy Samberg, American actor and comedian[37] 1979 – Stuart Dew, Australian footballer 1980 – Esteban Cambiasso, Argentinian footballer 1980 – Rob Nguyen, Australian race car driver 1980 – Ryan O'Hara, Australian rugby league player 1980 – Bart Scott, American football player 1980 – Jeremy Shockey, American football player 1981 – César Delgado, Argentinian footballer 1981 – Dimitris Salpingidis, Greek footballer 1983 – Mika, Lebanese-born English recording artist and singer-songwriter [45] 1983 – Cameron White, Australian cricketer 1984 – Sigourney Bandjar, Dutch footballer 1984 – Robert Huth, German footballer 1985 – Inge Dekker, Dutch swimmer 1985 – Bryan Ruiz, Costa Rican footballer 1986 – Evan Gattis, American baseball player 1986 – Ross McCormack, Scottish footballer 1987 – Joanna Jędrzejczyk, Polish mixed martial artist 1987 – Justin Wilson, American baseball player[46] 1988 – Jack Hobbs, English footballer 1988 – Eggert Jónsson, Icelandic footballer 1988 – G-Dragon, South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter and record producer 1989 – Anna Akana, American actress, comedian, musician, and YouTuber[30] 1989 – Yu Mengyu, Singaporean table tennis player[47] 1991 – Liz Cambage, Australian basketball player[48] 1991 – Richard Harmon, Canadian actor[30] 1992 – Elizabeth Beisel, American swimmer 1992 – Bogdan Bogdanović, Serbian basketball player 1992 – Frances Bean Cobain, American visual artist and model [49] 1993 – Jung Eun-ji, South Korean singer-songwriter[50][51] 1993 – Maia Mitchell, Australian actress and singer[52] 1994 – Madelaine Petsch, American actress and YouTuber[53] 1994 – Morgan Sanson, French footballer 1994 – Seiya Suzuki, Japanese baseball player[54] 1995 – Alīna Fjodorova, Latvian figure skater 1995 – Parker McKenna Posey, American actress[37] 1997 – Josephine Langford, Australian actress[30] 1997 – Renato Sanches, Portuguese footballer 1998 – Brian To'o, Australian-Samoan rugby league player[55] 1998 – Clairo, American singer-songwriter[56] 1998 – Nick Fuentes, American far-right political commentator[57] 1999 – Cassius Stanley, American basketball player[58] Deaths Pre-1600 353 – Decentius, Roman usurper 440 – Pope Sixtus III[59] 472 – Ricimer, Roman general and politician (b. 405) 670 – Fiacre, Irish hermit 673 – Kim Yu-shin, general of Silla (b. 595) 849 – Walafrid Strabo, German monk and theologian (b. 808) 911 – Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, first Zaydi Imam of Yemen (b. 859)[60] 1095 – King Olaf I of Denmark 1211 – Narapatisithu, king of Burma (b. 1150) 1258 – Theodore II Laskaris, emperor of Nicea (Byzantine emperor in exile) 1276 – Pope Adrian V (b. 1220) 1318 – Clare of Montefalco, Italian nun and saint (b. 1268) 1430 – Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician (b. 1406) 1500 – Alfonso of Aragon, Spanish prince (b. 1481) 1502 – Knut Alvsson, Norwegian nobleman and politician (b. 1455) 1503 – Pope Alexander VI (b. 1431) 1550 – Antonio Ferramolino, Italian architect and military engineer 1559 – Pope Paul IV (b. 1476)[61] 1563 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and philosopher (b. 1530) 1600 – Sebastiano Montelupi, Italian businessman (b. 1516) 1601–1900 1613 – Giovanni Artusi, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1540) 1620 – Wanli Emperor of China (b. 1563) 1625 – Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English diplomat (b. 1556) 1634 – Urbain Grandier, French priest (b. 1590) 1642 – Guido Reni, Italian painter and educator (b. 1575) 1648 – Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1615) 1683 – Charles Hart, English actor (b. 1625) 1707 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire (b. 1640) 1712 – Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Essex (b. 1660) 1765 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1708) 1815 – Chauncey Goodrich, American lawyer and politician, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (b. 1759) 1823 – André-Jacques Garnerin, French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute (b. 1769) 1842 – Louis de Freycinet, French explorer and navigator (b. 1779) 1850 – Honoré de Balzac, French novelist and playwright (b. 1799) 1852 – James Finlayson, Scottish Quaker (b. 1772)[62] 1886 – Eli Whitney Blake, American inventor, invented the Mortise lock (b. 1795) 1901–present 1919 – Joseph E. Seagram, Canadian businessman and politician, founded the Seagram Company (b. 1841) 1940 – Walter Chrysler, American businessman, founded Chrysler (b. 1875) 1942 – Erwin Schulhoff, Austro-Czech composer and pianist (b. 1894)[63] 1943 – Ali-Agha Shikhlinski, Azerbaijani general (b. 1865) 1944 – Ernst Thälmann, German soldier and politician (b. 1886) 1945 – Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian activist and politician (b. 1897) 1949 – Paul Mares, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1900) 1950 – Julien Lahaut, Belgian soldier and politician (b. 1884) 1952 – Alberto Hurtado, Chilean priest, lawyer, and saint (b. 1901) 1961 – Learned Hand, American lawyer, jurist, and philosopher (b. 1872)[64] 1964 – Hildegard Trabant, Berlin Wall victim (b. 1927) 1968 – Arthur Marshall, American pianist and composer (b. 1881) 1975 – Odd Lindbäck-Larsen, Norwegian Army general and war historian (b. 1897)[65] 1979 – Vasantrao Naik, Indian politician (b. 1913) 1981 – Anita Loos, American author and screenwriter (b. 1889) 1983 – Nikolaus Pevsner, German-English historian and scholar (b. 1902) 1986 – Harun Babunagari, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and educationist (b. 1902)[66] 1990 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist and philosopher, invented the Skinner box (b. 1904) 1994 – Francis Raymond Shea, American bishop (b. 1913) 1998 – Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, Femina Miss India 1965 (b. 1948)[67] 2001 – David Peakall, English chemist and toxicologist (b. 1931) 2002 – Dean Riesner, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1918) 2003 – Tony Jackson, English singer and bassist (b. 1938) 2004 – Elmer Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1922) 2004 – Hiram Fong, American soldier and politician (b. 1906) 2005 – Chri$ Ca$h, American wrestler (b. 1982) 2006 – Ken Kearney, Australian rugby player (b. 1924) 2007 – Michael Deaver, American soldier and politician, White House Deputy Chief of Staff (b. 1938) 2007 – Magdalen Nabb, English author (b. 1947) 2009 – Kim Dae-jung, South Korean lieutenant and politician, 15th President of South Korea, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925) 2009 – Rose Friedman, Ukrainian-American economist and author (b. 1910) 2009 – Robert Novak, American journalist and author (b. 1931) 2010 – Hal Connolly, American hammer thrower and coach (b. 1931) 2010 – Benjamin Kaplan, American scholar and jurist (b. 1911) 2012 – Harrison Begay, American painter (b. 1917) 2012 – John Kovatch, American football player (b. 1920) 2012 – Scott McKenzie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1939) 2012 – Ra. Ki. Rangarajan, Indian journalist and author (b. 1927) 2012 – Jesse Robredo, Filipino public servant and politician, 23rd Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (b. 1958) 2013 – Josephine D'Angelo, American baseball player (b. 1924) 2013 – Jean Kahn, French lawyer and activist (b. 1929) 2013 – Albert Murray, American author and critic (b. 1916) 2014 – Gordon Faber, American soldier and politician, 39th Mayor of Hillsboro, Oregon (b. 1930) 2014 – Jim Jeffords, American captain, lawyer, and politician (b. 1934) 2014 – Levente Lengyel, Hungarian chess player (b. 1933) 2014 – Don Pardo, American radio and television announcer (b. 1918) 2015 – Khaled al-Asaad, Syrian archaeologist and author (b. 1932) 2015 – Roger Smalley, English-Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1943) 2015 – Suvra Mukherjee, Wife of former Indian president Pranab Mukherjee (b. 1940) 2015 – Louis Stokes, American lawyer and politician (b. 1925) 2015 – Bud Yorkin, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1926) 2016 – Ernst Nolte, German historian (b. 1923) 2017 – Bruce Forsyth, English television presenter and entertainer (b. 1928) 2017 – Zoe Laskari, Greek actress and beauty pageant winner (b. 1944) 2018 – Denis Edozie, Nigerian Supreme Court judge (b. 1935)[68] 2018 – Kofi Annan, Ghanaian diplomat and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations (b. 1938)[69] 2020 – Ben Cross, English stage and film actor (b. 1947) 2023 – Lolita, the second-oldest orca in captivity (b. ca. 1966)[70] 2023 – Al Quie, American politician, 35th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1923)[71] 2024 – Alain Delon, French-Swiss actor (b. 1935)[72] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Agapitus of Palestrina Alberto Hurtado Daig of Inniskeen Evan (or Inan) Fiacre Florus and Laurus Helena of Constantinople (Roman Catholic Church) August 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Arbor Day (Pakistan) Armed Forces Day (North Macedonia) Birthday of Virginia Dare (Roanoke Island) Constitution Day (Indonesia) Long Tan Day, also called Vietnam Veterans' Day (Australia) National Science Day (Thailand)

August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 136 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 310 – Pope Eusebius dies, possibly from a hunger strike, shortly after being banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily. 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate.[1] 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of the Gates of Trajan: The Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Samuel and Aron defeat the Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan, with Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping. 1186 – Georgenberg Pact: Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria and Leopold V, Duke of Austria sign a heritage agreement in which Ottokar gives his duchy to Leopold and to his son Frederick under the stipulation that Austria and Styria would henceforth remain undivided. 1386 – Karl Topia, the ruler of Princedom of Albania forges an alliance with the Republic of Venice, committing to participate in all wars of the Republic and receiving coastal protection against the Ottomans in return. 1424 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under Jean II, Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. 1488 – Konrad Bitz, the Bishop of Turku, marks the date of his preface to Missale Aboense, the oldest known book of Finland.[2] 1498 – Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate; later that same day, King Louis XII of France names him Duke of Valentinois. 1549 – Battle of Sampford Courtenay: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England. 1560 – The Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland. 1585 – Eighty Years' War: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city and as a result over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. 1585 – A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina. 1597 – Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores. 1601–1900 1668 – The magnitude 8.0 North Anatolia earthquake causes 8,000 deaths in northern Anatolia, Ottoman Empire.[3][4] 1717 – Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18: The month-long Siege of Belgrade ends with Prince Eugene of Savoy's Austrian troops capturing the city from the Ottoman Empire. 1723 – Ioan Giurgiu Patachi becomes Bishop of Făgăraș and is festively installed in his position at the St. Nicolas Cathedral in Făgăraș, after being formally confirmed earlier by Pope Clement XI. 1740 – Pope Benedict XIV, previously known as Prospero Lambertini, succeeds Clement XII as the 247th Pope. 1784 – Classical composer Luigi Boccherini receives a pay rise of 12,000 reals from his employer, the Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón. 1798 – The Vietnamese Catholics report a Marian apparition in Quảng Trị, an event which is called Our Lady of La Vang. 1807 – Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world. 1808 – The Finnish War: The Battle of Alavus is fought.[5] 1827 – Dutch King William I and Pope Leo XII sign concord. 1836 – British parliament accepts registration of births, marriages and deaths. 1862 – American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River. 1862 – American Civil War: Major General J. E. B. Stuart is assigned command of all the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. 1863 – American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter. 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville: Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida. 1866 – The Grand Duchy of Baden announces its withdrawal from the German Confederation and signs a treaty of peace and alliance with Prussia. 1876 – Richard Wagner's Götterdämmerung, the last opera in his Ring cycle, premieres at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.[6] 1883 – The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Himno Nacional. 1896 – Bridget Driscoll became the first recorded case of a pedestrian killed in a collision with a motor car in the United Kingdom. 1901–present 1914 – World War I: Battle of Stallupönen: The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia. 1915 – Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched in Marietta, Georgia, USA after his death sentence is commuted by Governor John Slaton. 1915 – A Category 4 hurricane hits Galveston, Texas with winds at 135 miles per hour (217 km/h). 1916 – World War I: Romania signs a secret treaty with the Entente Powers. According to the treaty, Romania agreed to join the war on the Allied side. 1918 – Bolshevik revolutionary leader Moisei Uritsky is assassinated. 1942 – World War II: U.S. Marines raid the Japanese-held Pacific island of Makin. 1943 – World War II: The U.S. Eighth Air Force suffers the loss of 60 bombers on the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission. 1943 – World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrives in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily. 1943 – World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins. 1943 – World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program. 1945 – Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaim the independence of Indonesia, igniting the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch Empire. 1945 – The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published. 1945 – Evacuation of Manchukuo: At Talitzou by the Sino-Korean border, Puyi, then the Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo, formally renounces the imperial throne, dissolves the state, and cedes its territory to the Republic of China.[7] 1947 – The Radcliffe Line, the border between the Dominions of India and Pakistan, is revealed. 1949 – The 6.7 Ms  Karlıova earthquake shakes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 320–450 dead.[3][8][9] 1949 – Matsukawa derailment: Unknown saboteurs cause a passenger train to derail and overturn in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, killing three crew members and igniting a political firestorm between the Japanese Communist Party and the government of Occupied Japan that will eventually lead to the Japanese Red Purge.[10] 1953 – First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous takes place, in Southern California. 1955 – Hurricane Diane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, and it went on to cause major floods and kill more than 184 people.[11][12] 1958 – Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails. Notable as one of the first attempted launches beyond Earth orbit by any country. 1959 – Quake Lake is formed by the magnitude 7.2 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake near Hebgen Lake in Montana. 1960 – Aeroflot Flight 036 crashes in Soviet Ukraine, killing 34.[13] 1962 – Peter Fechter is shot and bleeds to death while trying to cross the new Berlin Wall. 1969 – Category 5 Hurricane Camille hits the U.S. Gulf Coast, killing 256 and causing $1.42 billion in damage. 1970 – Soviet Union Venera program: Venera 7 launched. It will become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet (Venus). 1976 – A magnitude 7.9 earthquake hits off the coast of Mindanao, Philippines, triggering a destructive tsunami, killing between 5,000-8,000 people and leaving more than 90,000 homeless.[14][15] 1977 – The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole. 1978 – Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine. 1985 – The 1985–86 Hormel strike begins in Austin, Minnesota.[16] 1988 – President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and U.S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a plane crash. 1991 – Strathfield massacre: In Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, taxi driver Wade Frankum shoots seven people and injures six others before turning the gun on himself. 1998 – Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky; later that same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about the relationship. 1999 – The 7.6 Mw  İzmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 17,118–17,127 dead and 43,953–50,000 injured. 2004 – The National Assembly of Serbia unanimously adopts new state symbols for Serbia: Bože pravde becomes the new anthem and the coat of arms is adopted for the whole country. 2005 – The first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of Israeli disengagement from Gaza, starts. 2005 – Over 500 bombs are set off by terrorists at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh. 2008 – American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals at one Olympic Games. 2009 – An accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam in Khakassia, Russia, kills 75 and shuts down the hydroelectric power station, leading to widespread power failure in the local area. 2015 – A bomb explodes near the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok, Thailand, killing at least 19 people and injuring 123 others. 2017 – Barcelona attacks: A van is driven into pedestrians in La Rambla, killing 14 and injuring at least 100. 2019 – A bomb explodes at a wedding in Kabul killing 63 people and leaving 182 injured.[17] Births Pre-1600 1153 – William IX, Count of Poitiers (d. 1156) 1465 – Philibert I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1482) 1473 – Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (d. 1483) 1501 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1529) 1556 – Alexander Briant, English martyr and saint (d. 1581) 1578 – Francesco Albani, Italian painter (d. 1660) 1578 – Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1638) 1582 – John Matthew Rispoli, Maltese philosopher (d. 1639) 1586 – Johann Valentin Andrea, German theologian (d. 1654) 1601–1900 1603 – Lennart Torstensson, Swedish Field Marshal, Privy Councillour and Governor-General (d. 1651) 1629 – John III Sobieski, Polish–Lithuanian king (d. 1696) 1686 – Nicola Porpora, Italian composer and educator (d. 1768)[18] 1753 – Josef Dobrovský, Bohemian philologist and historian (d. 1828) 1768 – Louis Desaix, French general (d. 1800) 1786 – Davy Crockett, American soldier and politician (d. 1836)[19] 1786 – Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1861) 1801 – Fredrika Bremer, Swedish writer and feminist (d. 1865)[20] 1828 – Jules Bernard Luys, French neurologist and physician (d. 1897) 1840 – Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, English poet and activist (d. 1922)[21] 1845 – Henry Cadwalader Chapman, American physician and naturalist (d. 1909) 1849 – William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (d. 1919) 1863 – Gene Stratton-Porter, American author and photographer (d. 1924) 1865 – Julia Marlowe, English-American actress (d. 1950) 1866 – Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, Indian 6th Nizam of Hyderabad (d. 1911) 1873 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist and academic (d. 1946) 1877 – Ralph McKittrick, American golfer and tennis player (d. 1923) 1878 – Reggie Duff, Australian cricketer (d. 1911) 1880 – Percy Sherwell, South African cricketer and tennis player (d. 1948) 1887 – Charles I of Austria (d. 1922) 1887 – Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded Black Star Line (d. 1940) 1888 – Monty Woolley, American actor, raconteur, and pundit (d. 1963)[22] 1889 – Lalla Carlsen, Norwegian singer and actress (d. 1967)[23] 1890 – Stefan Bastyr, Polish soldier and pilot (d. 1920) 1890 – Harry Hopkins, American politician and diplomat, 8th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1946)[24] 1893 – John Brahm, German-American director and production manager (d. 1982) 1893 – Mae West, American stage and film actress (d. 1980)[25] 1894 – William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes, English businessman, founded Rootes Group (d. 1964)[26] 1896 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (d. 1970)[27] 1896 – Tõnis Kint, Estonian lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (d. 1991) 1896 – Oliver Waterman Larkin, American historian and author (d. 1970) 1899 – Janet Lewis, American poet and novelist (d. 1998)[28][29] 1900 – Vivienne de Watteville, British travel writer and adventurer (d. 1957) 1900 – Pauline A. Young, American teacher, historian, aviator and activist (d. 1991) 1901–present 1904 – Mary Cain, American journalist and politician (d. 1984)[30] 1904 – Leopold Nowak, Austrian composer and musicologist (d. 1991)[31] 1909 – Larry Clinton, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1985)[32] 1909 – Wilf Copping, English footballer (d. 1980) 1911 – Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player and engineer (d. 1995) 1911 – Martin Sandberger, German colonel and lawyer (d. 2010)[33] 1913 – Mark Felt, American lawyer and agent, 2nd Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 2008)[34] 1913 – Oscar Alfredo Gálvez, Argentinian race car driver (d. 1989) 1913 – Rudy York, American baseball player and manager (d. 1970) 1914 – Bill Downs, American journalist (d. 1978) 1914 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)[35] 1916 – Moses Majekodunmi, Nigerian physician and politician (d. 2012) 1918 – Evelyn Ankers, British-American actress (d. 1985)[36] 1918 – Ike Quebec, American saxophonist and pianist (d. 1963)[37] 1918 – Michael John Wise, English geographer and academic (d. 2015)[38] 1919 – Georgia Gibbs, American singer (d. 2006)[39] 1920 – Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American actress and singer (d. 2015)[40] 1920 – Lida Moser, American photographer and author (d. 2014)[41] 1921 – Geoffrey Elton, German-English historian and academic (d. 1994) 1922 – Roy Tattersall, English cricketer (d. 2011)[42] 1923 – Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (d. 2019)[43] 1923 – Larry Rivers, American painter and sculptor (d. 2002)[44] 1924 – Evan S. Connell, American novelist, poet, and short story writer (d. 2013)[45] 1926 – Valerie Eliot, English businesswoman (d. 2012)[46] 1926 – Jiang Zemin, Chinese engineer and politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader) and 5th President of China (d. 2022) 1927 – Sam Butera, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2009)[47] 1927 – F. Ray Keyser Jr., American lawyer and politician, Governor of Vermont (d. 2015)[48] 1928 – T. J. Anderson, American composer, conductor, and educator[49] 1928 – Willem Duys, Dutch tennis player, sportscaster, and producer (d. 2011) 1929 – Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (d. 1977)[50] 1930 – Harve Bennett, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)[51] 1930 – Ted Hughes, English poet and playwright (d. 1998)[52] 1931 – Tony Wrigley, English historian, demographer, and academic (d. 2022)[53] 1932 – V. S. Naipaul, Trinidadian-English novelist and essayist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)[54] 1932 – Duke Pearson, American pianist and composer (d. 1980)[55] 1932 – Jean-Jacques Sempé, French cartoonist (d. 2022)[56] 1933 – Mark Dinning, American pop singer (d. 1986) 1934 – João Donato, Brazilian pianist and composer (d. 2023)[57] 1934 – Ron Henry, English footballer (d. 2014)[58] 1936 – Seamus Mallon, Irish educator and politician, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 2020) 1936 – Margaret Heafield Hamilton, American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner 1938 – Theodoros Pangalos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2023)[59] 1939 – Luther Allison, American blues guitarist and singer (d. 1997)[60] 1940 – Eduardo Mignogna, Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 2006) 1940 – Barry Sheerman, English academic and politician 1941 – Lothar Bisky, German businessman and politician (d. 2013)[61] 1941 – Jean Pierre Lefebvre, Canadian director and screenwriter 1941 – Boog Powell, American baseball player[62] 1942 – Shane Porteous, Australian actor, animator, and screenwriter 1943 – Edward Cowie, English composer, painter, and author[63] 1943 – Robert De Niro, American actor, entrepreneur, director, and producer[64][65] 1943 – John Humphrys, Welsh journalist and author 1943 – Dave "Snaker" Ray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002) 1944 – Larry Ellison, American businessman, co-founded the Oracle Corporation 1944 – Jean-Bernard Pommier, French pianist and conductor[66] 1945 – Rachel Pollack, American author, poet, and educator (d. 2023)[67] 1946 – Hugh Baiocchi, South African golfer 1946 – Martha Coolidge, American director, producer, and screenwriter 1946 – Patrick Manning, Trinidadian-Tobagonian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2016) 1947 – Mohamed Abdelaziz, Sahrawi politician, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (d. 2016) 1947 – Gary Talley, American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and author[68] 1948 – Alexander Ivashkin, Russian-English cellist and conductor (d. 2014)[69] 1949 – Norm Coleman, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Mayor of St. Paul 1949 – Sue Draheim, American fiddler and composer (d. 2013)[70] 1949 – Julian Fellowes, English actor, director, screenwriter, and politician[68] 1949 – Sib Hashian, American rock drummer (d. 2017)[71] 1951 – Richard Hunt, American Muppet performer (d. 1992) 1951 – Robert Joy, Canadian actor[68] 1952 – Aleksandr Maksimenkov, Russian footballer and coach (d. 2012) 1952 – Nelson Piquet, Brazilian race car driver and businessman 1952 – Mario Theissen, German engineer and businessman 1952 – Guillermo Vilas, Argentinian tennis player 1953 – Mick Malthouse, Australian footballer and coach 1953 – Herta Müller, Romanian-German poet and author, Nobel Prize laureate 1953 – Korrie Layun Rampan, Indonesian author, poet, and critic (d. 2015) 1953 – Kevin Rowland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist[68] 1954 – Eric Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1954 – Andrés Pastrana Arango, Colombian lawyer and politician, 38th President of Colombia 1955 – Colin Moulding, English singer-songwriter and bassist[68] 1956 – Gail Berman, American businessman, co-founded BermanBraun 1956 – Álvaro Pino, Spanish cyclist 1957 – Ken Kwapis, American director and screenwriter 1957 – Laurence Overmire, American poet, author, and actor 1957 – Robin Cousins, British competitive figure skater 1958 – Belinda Carlisle, American singer-songwriter[72] 1958 – Fred Goodwin, Scottish banker and accountant 1958 – Maurizio Sandro Sala, Brazilian race car driver 1959 – Jonathan Franzen, American novelist and essayist 1959 – Jacek Kazimierski, Polish footballer 1959 – Eric Schlosser, American journalist and author 1959 – David Koresh, American cult leader[73] (d. 1993) 1960 – Stephan Eicher, Swiss singer-songwriter 1960 – Sean Penn, American actor, director, and political activist[74] 1962 – Gilby Clarke, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[75] 1962 – Dan Dakich, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster 1963 – Jon Gruden, American football player, coach, and sportscaster 1963 – Jackie Walorski, American politician (d. 2022)[76] 1964 – Colin James, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1964 – Maria McKee, American singer-songwriter[68] 1964 – Dave Penney, English footballer and manager 1965 – Steve Gorman, American drummer[68] 1965 – Dottie Pepper, American golfer 1966 – Jüri Luik, Estonian politician and diplomat, 18th Estonian Minister of Defense 1966 – Rodney Mullen, American skateboarder and stuntman 1966 – Don Sweeney, Canadian ice hockey player and manager 1967 – David Conrad, American actor[68] 1967 – Michael Preetz, German footballer and manager 1968 – Andriy Kuzmenko, Ukrainian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)[77] 1968 – Ed McCaffrey, American football player and sportscaster 1968 – Helen McCrory, English actress (d. 2021)[78] 1969 – Christian Laettner, American basketball player and coach 1969 – Kelvin Mercer, American rapper, songwriter and producer[68] 1969 – Donnie Wahlberg, American singer-songwriter, actor and producer[79] 1970 – Jim Courier, American tennis player and sportscaster 1970 – Andrus Kivirähk, Estonian author 1970 – Øyvind Leonhardsen, Norwegian footballer and coach 1971 – Uhm Jung-hwa, South Korean singer and actress 1971 – Jorge Posada, Puerto Rican-American baseball player 1971 – Shaun Rehn, Australian footballer and coach 1972 – Habibul Bashar, Bangladeshi cricketer 1974 – Giuliana Rancic, Italian-American journalist and television personality[68] 1974 – Johannes Maria Staud, Austrian composer[80] 1976 – Eric Boulton, Canadian ice hockey player 1976 – Geertjan Lassche, Dutch journalist and director 1976 – Serhiy Zakarlyuka, Ukrainian footballer and manager (d. 2014) 1977 – Nathan Deakes, Australian race walker 1977 – William Gallas, French footballer 1977 – Thierry Henry, French footballer 1977 – Mike Lewis, Welsh guitarist 1977 – Tarja Turunen, Finnish singer-songwriter and producer 1979 – Antwaan Randle El, American football player and journalist 1980 – Keith Dabengwa, Zimbabwean cricketer 1980 – Daniel Güiza, Spanish footballer 1980 – Jan Kromkamp, Dutch footballer 1980 – Lene Marlin, Norwegian singer-songwriter 1982 – Phil Jagielka, English footballer 1982 – Cheerleader Melissa, American wrestler and manager 1982 – Mark Salling, American actor and musician (d. 2018) 1983 – Dustin Pedroia, American baseball player 1984 – Dee Brown, American basketball player 1984 – Oksana Domnina, Russian ice dancer 1984 – Liam Heath, British sprint canoeist[81] 1984 – Garrett Wolfe, American football player 1985 – Yū Aoi, Japanese actress and model 1986 – Rudy Gay, American basketball player 1986 – Tyrus Thomas, American basketball player 1988 – Brady Corbet, American actor and director[68] 1988 – Jihadi John, Kuwaiti-British member of ISIS (d. 2015) 1988 – Natalie Sandtorv, Norwegian singer-songwriter 1988 – Erika Toda, Japanese actress 1989 – Lil B, American rapper[82] 1989 – Rachel Corsie, Scottish footballer[83] 1990 – Rachel Hurd-Wood, English actress[84] 1991 – Austin Butler, American actor[68] 1992 – Saraya Bevis, English wrestler 1992 – Alex Elisala, New Zealand-Australian rugby player (d. 2013) 1992 – Chanel Mata'utia, Australian rugby league player 1992 – Maru Teferi, Israeli marathon runner[85] 1993 – Ederson Moraes, Brazilian footballer 1993 – Sarah Sjöström, Swedish swimmer 1993 – Xie Zhenye, Chinese athlete[86] 1994 – Phoebe Bridgers, American singer/songwriter 1994 – Jack Conklin, American football player[87] 1994 – Taissa Farmiga, American actress[68] 1995 – Gracie Gold, American figure skater 1995 – Dallin Watene-Zelezniak, New Zealand rugby league player 1996 – Jake Virtanen, Canadian ice hockey player 2000 – Lil Pump, American rapper and songwriter 2003 – Nastasja Schunk, German tennis player[88] 2003 – The Kid Laroi, Australian rapper and songwriter[89] Deaths Pre-1600 754 – Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia 949 – Li Shouzhen, Chinese general and governor 1153 – Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne (b. 1130) 1304 – Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (b. 1243) 1324 – Irene of Brunswick (b. 1293) 1338 – Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese samurai (b. 1301) 1424 – John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (b. c. 1381) 1510 – Edmund Dudley, English politician, Speaker of the House of Commons (b. 1462)[90] 1510 – Richard Empson, English statesman[91] 1547 – Katharina von Zimmern, Swiss sovereign abbess (b. 1478)[92] 1601–1900 1673 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1641) 1676 – Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German author (b. 1621) 1720 – Anne Dacier, French scholar and translator (b. 1654) 1723 – Joseph Bingham, English scholar and academic (b. 1668)[93] 1768 – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1703) 1785 – Jonathan Trumbull, English-American merchant and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1710)[94] 1786 – Frederick the Great, Prussian king (b. 1712)[95] 1809 – Matthew Boulton, English businessman and engineer, co-founded Boulton and Watt (b. 1728)[96] 1814 – John Johnson, English architect and surveyor (b. 1732) 1834 – Husein Gradaščević, Ottoman general (b. 1802) 1838 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, Italian playwright and poet (b. 1749) 1850 – José de San Martín, Argentinian general and politician, 1st President of Peru (b. 1778) 1861 – Alcée Louis la Branche, American politician and diplomat, 1st United States Ambassador to Texas (b. 1806) 1870 – Perucho Figueredo, Cuban poet and activist (b. 1818) 1875 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist and anthropologist (b. 1827) 1897 – William Jervois, English engineer and diplomat, 10th Governor of South Australia (b. 1821)[97] 1901–present 1901 – Edmond Audran, French organist and composer (b. 1842)[98] 1903 – Hans Gude, Norwegian-German painter and academic (b. 1825)[99] 1908 – Radoje Domanović, Serbian satirist and journalist (b. 1873) 1909 – Madan Lal Dhingra, Indian activist (b. 1883)[100] 1918 – Moisei Uritsky, Russian activist and politician (b. 1873) 1920 – Ray Chapman, American baseball player (b. 1891) 1924 – Tom Kendall, English-Australian cricketer and journalist (b. 1851) 1925 – Ioan Slavici, Romanian journalist and author (b. 1848) 1935 – Adam Gunn, American decathlete (b. 1872) 1935 – Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American sociologist and author (b. 1860)[101] 1936 – José María of Manila, Spanish-Filipino priest and martyr (b. 1880) 1940 – Billy Fiske, American soldier and pilot (b. 1911)[102] 1945 – Reidar Haaland, Norwegian police officer and soldier (b. 1919) 1949 – Gregorio Perfecto, Filipino journalist, jurist, and politician (b. 1891) 1958 – Arthur Fox, English-American fencer (b. 1878) 1966 – Ken Miles, English race car driver and engineer (b. 1918) 1969 – Otto Stern, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)[103] 1970 – Rattana Pestonji, Thai director and producer (b. 1908) 1971 – Maedayama Eigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 39th Yokozuna (b. 1914) 1971 – Wilhelm List, German field marshal (b. 1880) 1973 – Conrad Aiken, American novelist, short story writer, critic, and poet (b. 1889) 1973 – Jean Barraqué, French pianist and composer (b. 1928)[104] 1973 – Paul Williams, American singer and choreographer (b. 1939)[105] 1977 – Delmer Daves, American screenwriter, director and producer (b. 1904)[106] 1979 – John C. Allen, American roller coaster designer (b. 1907) 1979 – Vivian Vance, American actress and singer (b. 1909)[107] 1983 – Ira Gershwin, American songwriter (b. 1896)[108] 1987 – Gary Chester, Italian drummer and educator (b. 1924) 1987 – Rudolf Hess, German soldier and politician (b. 1894)[109] 1987 – Shaike Ophir, Israeli actor and screenwriter (b. 1929)[110] 1988 – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistani general and politician, 6th President of Pakistan (b. 1924)[111] 1988 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1914)[35] 1988 – Victoria Shaw, Australian-American actress (b. 1935)[112] 1990 – Pearl Bailey, American actress and singer (b. 1918)[113] 1993 – Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and academic (b. 1920) 1994 – Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver and businessman (b. 1901)[114] 1994 – Jack Sharkey, American boxer and referee (b. 1902)[115] 1995 – Howard E. Koch, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1902)[116] 1995 – Ted Whitten, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)[117] 1998 – Władysław Komar, Polish shot putter and actor (b. 1940)[118] 1998 – Tadeusz Ślusarski, Polish pole vaulter (b. 1950)[118] 2000 – Jack Walker, English businessman (b. 1929) 2004 – Thea Astley, Australian author and educator (b. 1925)[119] 2005 – John N. Bahcall, American astrophysicist and academic (b. 1934)[120] 2006 – Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet and journalist (b. 1929)[121] 2007 – Bill Deedes, English journalist and politician (b. 1913)[122] 2007 – Eddie Griffin, American basketball player (b. 1982) 2008 – Franco Sensi, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1926) 2010 – Francesco Cossiga, Italian lawyer and politician, 8th President of Italy (b. 1928)[123] 2012 – Aase Bjerkholt, Norwegian politician, Minister of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion (b. 1915) 2012 – Victor Poor, American engineer, developed the Datapoint 2200 (b. 1933)[124] 2012 – Patrick Ricard, French businessman (b. 1945)[125] 2012 – John Lynch-Staunton, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1930)[126] 2013 – Odilia Dank, American educator and politician (b. 1938)[127] 2013 – Jack Harshman, American baseball player (b. 1927)[128] 2013 – John Hollander, American poet and critic (b. 1929) 2013 – David Landes, Jewish-American historian and economist (b. 1924)[129] 2013 – Frank Martínez, American painter (b. 1924) 2013 – Gus Winckel, Dutch lieutenant and pilot (b. 1912) 2014 – Børre Knudsen, Norwegian minister and activist (b. 1937) 2014 – Wolfgang Leonhard, German historian and author (b. 1921)[130] 2014 – Sophie Masloff, American civil servant and politician, 56th Mayor of Pittsburgh (b. 1917)[131] 2014 – Miodrag Pavlović, Serbian poet and critic (b. 1928) 2014 – Pierre Vassiliu, French singer-songwriter (b. 1937) 2015 – Yvonne Craig, American ballet dancer and actress (b. 1937)[132] 2015 – Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder, German businessman (b. 1933)[133] 2015 – László Paskai, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1927)[134] 2016 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian actor, director, and producer (b. 1923)[135] 2024 – Silvio Santos, Brazilian media mogul and television host (b. 1930)[136] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Saint Beatrice of Silva Saint Clare of Montefalco[137] Saint Hyacinth of Poland[138] Saint Jeanne Delanoue[139] Saint Mammes of Caesarea Samuel Johnson, Timothy Cutler, and Thomas Bradbury Chandler (Episcopal Church)[140] August 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Engineer's Day (Colombia) Independence Day, celebrates the independence proclamation of Indonesia from Japan in 1945.

August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 137 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdanids of Mosul and the Baridis of Basra over control of the Abbasid capital, Baghdad.[1] 963 – Nikephoros II Phokas is crowned emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1328 – The House of Gonzaga seizes power in the Duchy of Mantua, and will rule until 1708. 1513 – Battle of the Spurs (Battle of Guinegate): King Henry VIII of England and his Imperial allies defeat French Forces who are then forced to retreat.[2] 1570 – The Principality of Transylvania is established after John II Zápolya renounces his claim as King of Hungary in the Treaty of Speyer.[3] 1601–1900 1652 – Battle of Plymouth: Inconclusive naval action between the fleets of Michiel de Ruyter and George Ayscue in the First Anglo-Dutch War. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Americans led by General John Stark rout British and Brunswick troops under Friedrich Baum at the Battle of Bennington in Walloomsac, New York. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden: The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina. 1792 – Maximilien de Robespierre presents the petition of the Commune of Paris to the Legislative Assembly, which demanded the formation of a revolutionary tribunal. 1793 – French Revolution: A levée en masse is decreed by the National Convention. 1812 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army. 1819 – Peterloo Massacre: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England. 1841 – U.S. President John Tyler vetoes a bill which called for the re-establishment of the Second Bank of the United States. Enraged Whig Party members riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history. 1844 – Governor-general of the Philippines Narciso Claveria, signs a decree to reform the country's calendar by skipping Tuesday, December 31, as a solution to anomalies that had existed since 1844.[4] 1858 – U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks. 1859 – The Grand Duchy of Tuscany formally deposes the exiled House of Lorraine. 1863 – The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country. 1869 – Battle of Acosta Ñu: A Paraguayan battalion largely made up of children is massacred by the Brazilian Army during the Paraguayan War.[5] 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-la-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory. 1876 – Richard Wagner's Siegfried, the penultimate opera in his Ring cycle, is premiered at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.[6] 1891 – The Basilica of San Sebastian, Manila, the first all-steel church in Asia, is officially inaugurated and blessed. 1896 – Skookum Jim Mason, George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in Canada, setting off the Klondike Gold Rush. 1900 – The Battle of Elands River during the Second Boer War ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British. The battle had begun when a force of between 2,000 and 3,000 Boers had surrounded a force of 500 Australians, Rhodesians, Canadians and British soldiers at a supply dump at Brakfontein Drift. 1901–present 1906 – The 8.2 Mw Valparaíso earthquake hits central Chile, killing 3,882 people. 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan (modern day Tohoku University) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students. 1913 – Completion of the Royal Navy battlecruiser HMS Queen Mary. 1916 – The Migratory Bird Treaty between Canada and the United States is signed. 1918 – The Battle of Lake Baikal was fought between the Czechoslovak Legion and the Red Army. 1920 – Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians is hit on the head by a fastball thrown by Carl Mays of the New York Yankees. Next day, Chapman will become the second player to die from injuries sustained in a Major League Baseball game. 1920 – The congress of the Communist Party of Bukhara opens. The congress would call for armed revolution. 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: The Battle of Radzymin concludes; the Soviet Red Army is forced to turn away from Warsaw. 1923 – The United Kingdom gives the name "Ross Dependency" to part of its claimed Antarctic territory and makes the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand its administrator. 1927 – The Dole Air Race begins from Oakland, California, to Honolulu, Hawaii, during which six out of the eight participating planes crash or disappear. 1929 – The 1929 Palestine riots break out in Mandatory Palestine between Palestinian Arabs and Jews and continue until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Arabs are killed. 1930 – The first color sound cartoon, Fiddlesticks, is released by Ub Iwerks. 1930 – The first British Empire Games are opened in Hamilton, Ontario, by the Governor General of Canada, the Viscount Willingdon. 1933 – Christie Pits riot takes place in Toronto, Ontario.[7] 1942 – World War II: US Navy L-class blimp L-8 drifts in from the Pacific and eventually crashes in Daly City, California. The two-man crew cannot be found. 1944 – First flight of a jet with forward-swept wings, the Junkers Ju 287. 1945 – The National Representatives' Congress, the precursor of the current National Assembly of Vietnam, convenes in Sơn Dương. 1946 – Mass riots in Kolkata begin; more than 4,000 people would be killed in 72 hours. 1946 – The All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress is founded in Secunderabad. 1954 – The first issue of Sports Illustrated is published. 1960 – Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom. 1960 – Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon over New Mexico, United States, at 102,800 feet (31,300 m), setting three records that held until 2012: High-altitude jump, free fall, and highest speed by a human without an aircraft. 1964 – Vietnam War: A coup d'état replaces Dương Văn Minh with General Nguyễn Khánh as President of South Vietnam. A new constitution is established with aid from the U.S. Embassy. 1966 – Vietnam War: The House Un-American Activities Committee begins investigations of Americans who have aided the Viet Cong. The committee intends to introduce legislation making these activities illegal. Anti-war demonstrators disrupt the meeting and 50 people are arrested. 1972 – In an unsuccessful coup d'état attempt, the Royal Moroccan Air Force fires upon Hassan II of Morocco's plane while he is traveling back to Rabat. 1975 – Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam symbolically hands over land to the Gurindji people after the eight-year Wave Hill walk-off, a landmark event in the history of Indigenous land rights in Australia, commemorated in a 1991 song by Paul Kelly and an annual celebration.[8] 1987 – Northwest Airlines Flight 255, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashes after takeoff in Detroit, Michigan, killing 154 of the 155 on board, plus two people on the ground. 1989 – A solar particle event affects computers at the Toronto Stock Exchange, forcing a halt to trading.[9] 1991 – Indian Airlines Flight 257, a Boeing 737-200, crashes during approach to Imphal Airport, killing all 69 people on board.[10] 2005 – West Caribbean Airways Flight 708, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashes in Machiques, Venezuela, killing all 160 people on board. 2008 – The Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago is topped off at 1,389 feet (423 m), at the time becoming the world's highest residence above ground-level. 2010 – AIRES Flight 8250 crashes at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport in San Andrés, San Andrés y Providencia, Colombia, killing two people.[11] 2012 – South African police fatally shoot 34 miners and wound 78 more during an industrial dispute at Marikana near Rustenburg. 2013 – The ferry St. Thomas Aquinas collides with a cargo ship and sinks at Cebu, Philippines, killing 61 people with 59 others missing. 2015 – More than 96 people are killed and hundreds injured following a series of air-raids by the Syrian Arab Air Force on the rebel-held market town of Douma. 2015 – Trigana Air Flight 267, an ATR 42, crashes in Oksibl, Bintang Mountains Regency, killing all 54 people on board.[12] 2020 – The August Complex fire in California burns more than one million acres of land.[13][14] Births Pre-1600 1355 – Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster (d. 1382) 1378 – Hongxi Emperor of China (d. 1425) 1401 – Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut (d. 1436) 1557 – Agostino Carracci, Italian painter and etcher (d. 1602) 1565 – Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637) 1573 – Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1598) 1601–1900 1637 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen (d. 1706) 1645 – Jean de La Bruyère, French philosopher and author (d. 1696) 1650 – Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian monk, cosmographer, and cartographer (d. 1718) 1682 – Louis, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1712) 1744 – Pierre Méchain, French astronomer and surveyor (d. 1804) 1761 – Yevstigney Fomin, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1800) 1815 – John Bosco, Italian priest and educator (d. 1888) 1816 – Octavia Taylor, daughter of Zachary Taylor (d. 1820) 1820 – Andrew Rainsford Wetmore, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of New Brunswick (d. 1892) 1821 – Arthur Cayley, English mathematician and academic (d. 1895) 1824 – John Chisum, American cattle baron (d. 1884)[15] 1831 – John Jones Ross, Canadian lawyer and politician, 7th Premier of Quebec (d. 1901) 1832 – Wilhelm Wundt, German physician, psychologist, and physiologist (d. 1920) 1842 – Jakob Rosanes, Ukrainian-German mathematician, chess player, and academic (d. 1922) 1845 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger-French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1921) 1848 – Vladimir Sukhomlinov, Russian general (d. 1926) 1855 – James McGowen, Australian politician, 18th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1922) 1856 – Aparicio Saravia, Uruguayan general and politician (d. 1904) 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German author (d. 1927) 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, English-Scottish cricketer (d. 1938) 1860 – Jules Laforgue, Uruguayan-French poet and author (d. 1887) 1862 – Amos Alonzo Stagg, American baseball player and coach (d. 1965) 1864 – Elsie Inglis, Scottish surgeon and suffragette (d. 1917)[16] 1865 – Mary Gilmore, Australian socialist, poet and journalist (d. 1962) 1868 – Bernarr Macfadden, American bodybuilder and publisher, founded Macfadden Publications (d. 1955) 1876 – Ivan Bilibin, Russian illustrator and stage designer (d. 1942) 1877 – Roque Ruaño, Spanish priest and engineer (d. 1935) 1882 – Désiré Mérchez, French swimmer and water polo player (d. 1968) 1884 – Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourger-American author and publisher (d. 1967) 1888 – T. E. Lawrence, British colonel, diplomat, writer and archaeologist (d. 1935) 1888 – Armand J. Piron, American violinist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1943) 1892 – Hal Foster, Canadian-American author and illustrator (d. 1982) 1892 – Otto Messmer, American cartoonist and animator, co-created Felix the Cat (d. 1983) 1894 – George Meany, American plumber and labor leader (d. 1980) 1895 – Albert Cohen, Greek-Swiss author and playwright (d. 1981) 1895 – Liane Haid, Austrian-Swiss actress and singer (d. 2000) 1895 – Arthur Rose Eldred, First Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1951)[17] 1900 – Ida Browne, Australian geologist and palaeontologist (d. 1976)[18] 1901–present 1902 – Georgette Heyer, English author (d. 1974)[19] 1902 – Wallace Thurman, American author and playwright (d. 1934) 1904 – Minoru Genda, Japanese general, pilot, and politician (d. 1989) 1904 – Wendell Meredith Stanley, American biochemist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) 1908 – Orlando Cole, American cellist and educator (d. 2010) 1908 – William Keepers Maxwell, Jr., American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (d. 2000) 1909 – Paul Callaway, American organist and conductor (d. 1995) 1910 – Gloria Blondell, American actress (d. 1986) 1910 – Mae Clarke, American actress (d. 1992) 1911 – E. F. Schumacher, German economist and statistician (d. 1977) 1912 – Ted Drake, English footballer and manager (d. 1995) 1913 – Menachem Begin, Belarusian-Israeli politician, Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)[20] 1915 – Al Hibbler, American baritone singer (d. 2001) 1916 – Iggy Katona, American race car driver (d. 2003) 1917 – Matt Christopher, American author (d. 1997) 1917 – Roque Cordero, Panamanian composer and educator (d. 2008) 1919 – Karl-Heinz Euling, German captain (d. 2014) 1920 – Charles Bukowski, German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1994)[21] 1922 – James Casey, English comedian, radio scriptwriter and producer (d. 2011) 1922 – Ernie Freeman, American pianist and bandleader (d. 2001) 1923 – Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian journalist and playwright (d. 2012) 1924 – Fess Parker, American actor (d. 2010) 1924 – Inez Voyce, American baseball player (d. 2022) 1925 – Willie Jones, American baseball player (d. 1983) 1925 – Mal Waldron, American pianist and composer (d. 2002) 1927 – Lois Nettleton, American actress (d. 2008) 1928 – Ann Blyth, American actress and singer 1928 – Eydie Gormé, American singer (d. 2013) 1928 – Ara Güler, Turkish photographer and journalist (d. 2018) 1928 – Eddie Kirkland, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011) 1928 – Wyatt Tee Walker, American pastor, theologian, and activist (d. 2018) 1929 – Bill Evans, American pianist and composer (d. 1980) 1929 – Helmut Rahn, German footballer (d. 2003) 1929 – Fritz Von Erich, American wrestler and trainer (d. 1997) 1930 – Robert Culp, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2010) 1930 – Frank Gifford, American football player, sportscaster, and actor (d. 2015) 1930 – Leslie Manigat, Haitian educator and politician, 43rd President of Haiti (d. 2014) 1930 – Flor Silvestre, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2020)[22] 1933 – Reiner Kunze, German poet and translator 1933 – Tom Maschler, English author and publisher (d. 2020) 1933 – Julie Newmar, American actress[23] 1933 – Stuart Roosa, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1994) 1934 – Angela Buxton, British tennis player (d. 2020)[24] 1934 – Diana Wynne Jones, English author (d. 2011)[25] 1934 – Douglas Kirkland, Canadian-American photographer (d. 2022)[26] 1934 – Ketty Lester, American singer and actress[23] 1934 – Pierre Richard, French actor, director, and screenwriter 1934 – John Standing, English actor[27] 1934 – Sam Trimble, Australian cricketer (d. 2019) 1935 – Cliff Fletcher, Canadian businessman 1935 – Andreas Stamatiadis, Greek footballer and coach 1936 – Anita Gillette, American actress and singer[23] 1936 – Alan Hodgkinson, English footballer and coach (d. 2015) 1937 – David Anderson, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician 1937 – David Behrman, American composer and producer 1937 – Ian Deans, Canadian politician (d. 2016) 1937 – Boris Rõtov, Estonian chess player (d. 1987) 1939 – Seán Brady, Irish cardinal 1939 – Trevor McDonald, Trinidadian-English journalist and academic 1939 – Billy Joe Shaver, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020) 1939 – Eric Weissberg, American singer, banjo player, and multi-instrumentalist (d. 2020) 1940 – Bruce Beresford, Australian director and producer 1942 – Lesley Turner Bowrey, Australian tennis player 1942 – Barbara George, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 2006) 1942 – Robert Squirrel Lester, American soul singer (d. 2010) 1943 – Woody Peoples, American football player (d. 2010) 1944 – Kevin Ayers, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013) 1945 – Bob Balaban, American actor, director, and producer[23] 1945 – Russell Brookes, English race car driver (d. 2019) 1945 – Suzanne Farrell, American ballerina and educator[23] 1945 – Gary Loizzo, American guitarist, singer, recording engineer, and record producer (d. 2016) 1945 – Nigel Terry, British stage and film actor (d. 2015)[28] 1946 – Masoud Barzani, Iranian-Kurdish politician, President of Iraqi Kurdistan 1946 – Lesley Ann Warren, American actress[23] 1947 – Carol Moseley Braun, American lawyer and politician, United States Ambassador to New Zealand 1947 – Katharine Hamnett, English fashion designer 1948 – Earl Blumenauer, American politician, U.S. Representative from Oregon 1948 – Barry Hay, Indian-born Dutch rock musician 1948 – Mike Jorgensen, American baseball player and manager 1948 – Pierre Reid, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2021) 1948 – Joey Spampinato, American singer-songwriter and bass player[23] 1949 – Scott Asheton, American drummer (d. 2014) 1949 – Paul Pasqualoni, American football player and coach 1949 – Bill Spooner, American guitarist and songwriter 1950 – Hasely Crawford, Trinidadian runner 1950 – Marshall Manesh, Iranian-American actor[23] 1950 – Jeff Thomson, Australian cricketer 1951 – Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, Nigerian businessman and politician, 13th President of Nigeria (d. 2010) 1952 – Reginald VelJohnson, American actor[23] 1953 – Kathie Lee Gifford, American talk show host, singer, and actress[23] 1953 – James "J.T." Taylor, American R&B singer-songwriter[23] 1954 – James Cameron, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter[23] 1954 – George Galloway, Scottish-English politician and broadcaster 1955 – Jeff Perry, American actor[23] 1955 – James Reilly, Irish surgeon and politician, Minister for Children and Youth Affairs 1956 – Vahan Hovhannisyan, Armenian soldier and politician (d. 2014) 1957 – Laura Innes, American actress and director[23] 1957 – R. R. Patil, Indian lawyer and politician, Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 2015) 1958 – Madonna, American singer-songwriter, producer, actress, and director[29] 1958 – Angela Bassett, American actress[23] 1958 – Anne L'Huillier, French physicist[30] 1958 – José Luis Clerc, Argentinian tennis player and coach 1959 – Marc Sergeant, Belgian cyclist and manager 1960 – Rosita Baltazar, Belizean choreographer, dancer, and dance instructor (d. 2015)[31] 1960 – Timothy Hutton, American actor, producer and director[23] 1960 – Franz Welser-Möst, Austrian-American conductor and director 1961 – Christian Okoye, American football player 1962 – Steve Carell, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[23] 1963 – Aloísio Pires Alves, Brazilian footballer and manager 1963 – Christine Cavanaugh, American voice artist (d. 2014)[32] 1964 – Jimmy Arias, American tennis player and sportscaster 1966 – Eddie Olczyk, American ice hockey player, coach, and commentator 1967 – Mark Coyne, Australian rugby league player 1967 – Ulrika Jonsson, Swedish journalist, actress, and author 1968 – Arvind Kejriwal, Indian civil servant and politician, 7th Chief Minister of Delhi 1968 – Andy Milder, American actor[23] 1968 – Mateja Svet, Slovenian skier 1968 – Wolfgang Tillmans, German photographer 1970 – Bonnie Bernstein, American journalist and sportscaster 1970 – Manisha Koirala, Nepalese actress in Indian films 1970 – Seth Peterson, American actor[23] 1971 – Stefan Klos, German footballer 1972 – Stan Lazaridis, Australian footballer[33] 1972 – Emily Strayer, American singer and musician[23] 1974 – Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Guyanese cricketer[34] 1974 – Didier Cuche, Swiss skier[35][36] 1974 – Krisztina Egerszegi, Hungarian swimmer[37] 1974 – Iván Hurtado, Ecuadorian footballer and politician[38] 1974 – Ryan Longwell, American football player[39] 1975 – Didier Agathe, French footballer 1975 – Jonatan Johansson, Finnish footballer, coach, and manager[40] 1975 – George Stults, American actor[23] 1975 – Taika Waititi, New Zealand director, screenwriter and actor[41] 1979 – Paul Gallacher, Scottish footballer 1979 – Ian Moran, Australian cricketer 1980 – Vanessa Carlton, American singer-songwriter[23] 1980 – Bob Hardy, English bass player 1980 – Emerson Ramos Borges, Brazilian footballer 1980 – Piet Rooijakkers, Dutch cyclist 1981 – Roque Santa Cruz, Paraguayan footballer 1982 – Cam Gigandet, American actor[23] 1982 – Joleon Lescott, English footballer 1983 – Nikolaos Zisis, Greek basketball player 1984 – Matteo Anesi, Italian speed skater 1984 – Candice Dupree, American basketball player[42] 1984 – Konstantin Vassiljev, Estonian footballer 1985 – Cristin Milioti, American actress[23] 1986 – Yu Darvish, Japanese baseball player 1986 – Martín Maldonado, Puerto Rican baseball player[43] 1986 – Shawn Pyfrom, American actor[23] 1987 – Carey Price, Canadian ice hockey player[44] 1987 – Eri Kitamura, Japanese voice actress and singer.[45] 1988 – Ismaïl Aissati, Moroccan footballer 1988 – Ryan Kerrigan, American football player[46] 1988 – Rumer Willis, American actress[23] 1989 – Cedric Alexander, American wrestler[47] 1989 – Wang Hao, Chinese race walker 1989 – Moussa Sissoko, French footballer 1990 – Godfrey Oboabona, Nigerian footballer 1991 – José Eduardo de Araújo, Brazilian footballer 1991 – Evanna Lynch, Irish actress[48] 1991 – Young Thug, American rapper, singer and songwriter[49] 1992 – Diego Schwartzman, Argentinian tennis player[50] 1993 – Cameron Monaghan, American actor and model[51] 1996 – Caeleb Dressel, American swimmer[52] 1997 – Greyson Chance, American musician[53] 1999 – Karen Chen, American figure skater[54] Deaths Pre-1600 AD 79 – Empress Ma, Chinese Han dynasty consort (b. 40) 856 – Theutbald I, bishop of Langres 963 – Marianos Argyros, Byzantine general (b. 944) 1027 – George I of Georgia (b. 998) 1153 – Bernard de Tremelay, fourth Grand Master of the Knights Templar 1225 – Hōjō Masako, Japanese regent and onna-bugeisha (b. 1156) 1258 – Theodore II Laskaris, Byzantine-Greek emperor (b. 1222) 1285 – Philip I, Count of Savoy (b. 1207) 1297 – John II of Trebizond (b. 1262) 1327 – Roch, French saint (b. 1295) 1339 – Azzone Visconti, founder of the state of Milan (b. 1302) 1358 – Albert II, Duke of Austria (b. 1298) 1419 – Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia (b. 1361) 1443 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1434) 1492 – Beatrice of Silva, Dominican nun[55] 1518 – Loyset Compère, French composer (b. 1445) 1532 – John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468) 1601–1900 1661 – Thomas Fuller, English historian and author (b. 1608) 1678 – Andrew Marvell, English poet and author (b. 1621) 1705 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1654) 1733 – Matthew Tindal, English philosopher and author (b. 1657) 1791 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1719) 1836 – Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1755) 1855 – Henry Colburn, English publisher (b. 1785) 1861 – Ranavalona I, Queen consort of Kingdom of Madagascar and then sovereign (b. 1778)[56] 1878 – Richard Upjohn, English-American architect (b. 1802) 1886 – Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Indian mystic and philosopher (b. 1836) 1887 – Webster Paulson, English civil engineer (b. 1837) 1888 – John Pemberton, American pharmacist and chemist, invented Coca-Cola (b. 1831) 1893 – Jean-Martin Charcot, French neurologist and academic (b. 1825) 1899 – Robert Bunsen, German chemist and academic (b. 1811)[57] 1900 – José Maria de Eça de Queirós, Portuguese journalist and author (b. 1845) 1901–present 1904 – Prentiss Ingraham, American soldier and author (b. 1843) 1911 – Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (b. 1830) 1914 – Carl Theodor Schulz, German-Norwegian gardener (b. 1835) 1916 – George Scott, English footballer (b. 1885) 1920 – Henry Daglish, Australian politician, 6th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1866) 1921 – Peter I of Serbia (b. 1844) 1938 – Andrej Hlinka, Slovak priest, journalist, and politician (b. 1864) 1938 – Robert Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1911) 1945 – Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese admiral (b. 1891) 1948 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player and coach (b. 1895) 1949 – Margaret Mitchell, American journalist and author (b. 1900) 1952 – Lydia Field Emmet, American painter and academic (b. 1866) 1956 – Bela Lugosi, Hungarian-American actor (b. 1882) 1957 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881) 1958 – Jacob M. Lomakin, Soviet Consul General in New York City, journalist and economist (b. 1904)[58] 1959 – William Halsey, Jr., American admiral (b. 1882) 1959 – Wanda Landowska, Polish-French harpsichord player (b. 1879) 1961 – Abdul Haq, Pakistani linguist and scholar (b. 1870) 1963 – Joan Eardley, British artist (b. 1921)[59] 1971 – Spyros Skouras, Greek-American businessman (b. 1893) 1972 – Pierre Brasseur, French actor and screenwriter (b. 1905) 1973 – Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-American biochemist and microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888) 1977 – Elvis Presley, American singer, guitarist, and actor (b. 1935) 1978 – Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer, Dutch soldier and politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1888) 1979 – John Diefenbaker, Canadian lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1895) 1983 – Earl Averill, American baseball player (b. 1902) 1984 – Duško Radović, Serbian children's writer, poet, journalist, aphorist and TV editor (b. 1922) 1986 – Ronnie Aird, English cricketer and administrator (b. 1902) 1986 – Jaime Sáenz, Bolivian author and poet (b. 1921) 1989 – Amanda Blake, American actress (b. 1929) 1990 – Pat O'Connor, New Zealand wrestler and trainer (b. 1925) 1991 – Luigi Zampa, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1905) 1992 – Mark Heard, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1951) 1993 – Stewart Granger, English-American actor (b. 1913) 1997 – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician and Qawwali singer (b. 1948) 1997 – Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and teacher (b. 1914)[60] 1998 – Phil Leeds, American actor (b. 1916) 1998 – Dorothy West, American journalist and author (b. 1907) 2002 – Abu Nidal, Palestinian terrorist leader (b. 1937) 2002 – Jeff Corey, American actor (b. 1914) 2002 – John Roseboro, American baseball player and coach (b. 1933) 2003 – Idi Amin, Ugandan field marshal and politician, 3rd President of Uganda (b. 1928) 2004 – Ivan Hlinka, Czech ice hockey player and coach (b. 1950) 2004 – Balanadarajah Iyer, Sri Lankan journalist and poet (b. 1957) 2004 – Carl Mydans, American photographer and journalist (b. 1907) 2004 – Robert Quiroga, American boxer (b. 1969) 2005 – Vassar Clements, American fiddler (b. 1928) 2005 – Tonino Delli Colli, Italian cinematographer (b. 1922) 2005 – William Corlett, English novelist and playwright (b. 1938) 2005 – Frère Roger, Swiss monk and mystic (b. 1915) 2006 – Alfredo Stroessner, Paraguayan general and dictator; 46th President of Paraguay (b. 1912) 2007 – Bahaedin Adab, Iranian engineer and politician (b. 1945) 2008 – Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1914) 2008 – Ronnie Drew, Irish musician, folk singer and actor (b. 1934)[61] 2008 – Masanobu Fukuoka, Japanese farmer and author (b. 1913) 2010 – Dimitrios Ioannidis, Greek general (b. 1923) 2011 – Mihri Belli, Turkish activist and politician (b. 1916) 2012 – Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco (b. 1954) 2012 – Martine Franck, Belgian photographer and director (b. 1938) 2012 – Abune Paulos, Ethiopian patriarch (b. 1935) 2012 – William Windom, American actor (b. 1923) 2013 – David Rees, Welsh mathematician and academic (b. 1918) 2014 – Patrick Aziza, Nigerian general and politician, Governor of Kebbi State (b. 1947)[62] 2014 – Vsevolod Nestayko, Ukrainian author (b. 1930)[63] 2014 – Mario Oriani-Ambrosini, Italian-South African lawyer and politician (b. 1960)[64] 2014 – Peter Scholl-Latour, German journalist, author, and academic (b. 1924)[65] 2015 – Jacob Bekenstein, Mexican-American physicist, astronomer, and academic (b. 1947)[66] 2015 – Anna Kashfi, British actress (b. 1934)[67] 2015 – Shuja Khanzada, Pakistani colonel and politician (b. 1943)[68] 2015 – Mile Mrkšić, Serb general (b. 1947)[69] 2016 – João Havelange, Brazilian water polo player, lawyer, and businessman (b. 1916)[70] 2016 – John McLaughlin, American television personality (b. 1927)[71] 2018 – Aretha Franklin, American singer-songwriter (b. 1942)[72] 2018 – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Indian prime minister (b. 1924)[73] 2018 – Wakako Yamauchi, American-Japanese writer (b. 1924)[74] 2019 – Peter Fonda, American actor, director, and screenwriter. (b. 1940)[75] 2019 – Richard Williams, Canadian-British animator (b. 1933)[76] 2021 – Sean Lock, English comedian and actor (b. 1963)[77] 2023 – Howard S. Becker, American sociologist (b. 1928)[78] Holidays and observances Bennington Battle Day (Vermont, United States) Children's Day (Paraguay) Christian feast day: Ana Petra Pérez Florido Armel (Armagillus) Diomedes of Tarsus Roch Stephen I of Hungary Translation of the Acheiropoietos icon from Edessa to Constantinople. (Eastern Orthodox Church) August 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Gozan no Okuribi (Kyoto, Japan) National Airborne Day (United States) Restoration Day (Dominican Republic) The first day of the Independence Days, celebrates the independence of Gabon from France in 1960. Xicolatada (Palau-de-Cerdagne, France)

August 15 is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 138 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, which will last for nearly a year. 718 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Raising of the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople. 747 – Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, renounces his position as majordomo and retires to a monastery near Rome. His brother, Pepin the Short, becomes the sole ruler (de facto) of the Frankish Kingdom. 778 – The Battle of Roncevaux Pass takes place between the army of Charlemagne and a Basque army.[1] 805 – Noble Erchana of Dahauua grants the Bavarian town of Dachau to the Diocese of Freising 927 – The Saracens conquer and destroy Taranto. 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the Battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria. 1018 – Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria. 1038 – King Stephen I, the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, Peter Orseolo, succeeds him. 1057 – King Macbeth is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada. 1070 – The Pavian-born Benedictine Lanfranc is appointed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in England. 1096 – Starting date of the First Crusade as set by Pope Urban II.[2] 1185 – The cave city of Vardzia is consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia. 1224 – The Livonian Brothers of the Sword, a Catholic military order, occupy Tarbatu (today Tartu) as part of the Livonian Crusade.[3][4] 1237 – Spanish Reconquista: The Battle of the Puig between the Moorish forces of Taifa of Valencia against the Kingdom of Aragon culminates in an Aragonese victory. 1248 – The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral, built to house the relics of the Three Wise Men, is laid. (Construction is eventually completed in 1880.) 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned as the first Byzantine emperor in fifty-seven years. 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a "divine wind" for the second time in the Battle of Kōan. 1310 – The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves the Knights of Rhodes. 1430 – Francesco Sforza, lord of Milan, conquers Lucca. 1461 – The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II. This is regarded by some historians as the real end of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor David is exiled and later murdered. 1483 – Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel. 1511 – Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. 1517 – Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary. 1519 – Panama City, Panama is founded. 1534 – Ignatius of Loyola and six classmates take initial vows, leading to the creation of the Society of Jesus in September 1540. 1537 – Asunción, Paraguay is founded. 1540 – Arequipa, Peru is founded. 1549 – Jesuit priest Francis Xavier comes ashore at Kagoshima (Traditional Japanese date: 22 July 1549). 1592 – Imjin War: At the Battle of Hansan Island, the Korean Navy, led by Yi Sun-sin, Yi Eok-gi, and Won Gyun, decisively defeats the Japanese Navy, led by Wakisaka Yasuharu.[5] 1599 – Nine Years' War: Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle. 1601–1900 1695 – French forces end the bombardment of Brussels. 1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Liegnitz: Frederick the Great's victory over the Austrians under Ernst Gideon von Laudon. 1824 – The Marquis de Lafayette, the last surviving French general of the American Revolutionary War, arrives in New York and begins a tour of 24 states. 1843 – The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu, Hawaii is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu, it is the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States. 1843 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark. 1863 – The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863). 1893 – Ibadan area becomes a British Protectorate after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the Baale of Ibadan with the British acting Governor of Lagos, George C. Denton. 1899 – Fratton Park football ground in Portsmouth, England is officially first opened.[6] 1901–present 1907 – Ordination in Constantinople of Fr. Raphael Morgan, the first African-American Orthodox priest, "Priest-Apostolic" to America and the West Indies. 1914 – A servant of American architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, sets fire to the living quarters of Wright's Wisconsin home, Taliesin, and murders seven people there. 1914 – The Panama Canal opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship SS Ancon. 1914 – World War I: The First Russian Army, led by Paul von Rennenkampf, enters East Prussia. 1914 – World War I: Beginning of the Battle of Cer, the first Allied victory of World War I. 1915 – A story in New York World newspaper reveals that the Imperial German government had purchased excess phenol from Thomas Edison that could be used to make explosives for the war effort and diverted it to Bayer for aspirin production. 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw, so-called Miracle at the Vistula. 1935 – Will Rogers and Wiley Post are killed after their aircraft develops engine problems during takeoff in Barrow, Alaska. 1939 – Twenty-six Junkers Ju 87 bombers commanded by Walter Sigel meet unexpected ground fog during a dive-bombing demonstration for Luftwaffe generals at Neuhammer. Thirteen of them crash and burn. 1939 – The Wizard of Oz premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California.[7] 1940 – An Italian submarine torpedoes and sinks the Greek cruiser Elli at Tinos harbor during peacetime, marking the most serious Italian provocation prior to the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War in October. 1941 – Corporal Josef Jakobs is executed by firing squad at the Tower of London at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower for espionage. 1942 – World War II: Operation Pedestal: The oil tanker SS Ohio reaches the island of Malta barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island's defenses. 1943 – World War II: Battle of Trahili: Superior German forces surround Cretan partisans, who manage to escape against all odds. 1944 – World War II: Operation Dragoon: Allied forces land in southern France. 1945 – Emperor Hirohito broadcasts his declaration of surrender following the effective surrender of Japan in World War II; Korea gains independence from the Empire of Japan. 1947 – India gains independence from British rule after near 190 years of British company and crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. 1947 – Founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah is sworn in as first Governor-General of Pakistan in Karachi. 1948 – The First Republic of Korea (South Korea) is established in the southern half of the peninsula. 1950 – Measuring Mw 8.6, the largest earthquake on land occurs in the Assam-Tibet-Myanmar border, killing 4,800.[8] 1952 – A flash flood drenches the town of Lynmouth, England, killing 34 people. 1954 – Alfredo Stroessner begins his dictatorship in Paraguay. 1959 – American Airlines Flight 514, a Boeing 707, crashes near the Calverton Executive Airpark in Calverton, New York, killing all five people on board.[9] 1960 – Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) becomes independent from France. 1961 – Border guard Conrad Schumann flees from East Germany while on duty guarding the construction of the Berlin Wall. 1962 – James Joseph Dresnok defects to North Korea after running across the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Dresnok died in 2016. 1963 – Execution of Henry John Burnett, the last man to be hanged in Scotland. 1963 – President Fulbert Youlou is overthrown in the Republic of the Congo, after a three-day uprising in the capital. 1965 – The Beatles play to nearly 60,000 fans at Shea Stadium in New York City, an event later regarded as the birth of stadium rock. 1969 – The Woodstock Music & Art Fair opens in Bethel, New York, featuring some of the top rock musicians of the era. 1970 – Patricia Palinkas becomes the first woman to play professionally in an American football game. 1971 – President Richard Nixon completes the break from the gold standard by ending convertibility of the United States dollar into gold by foreign investors. 1971 – Bahrain gains independence from the United Kingdom. 1973 – Vietnam War: The USAF bombing of Cambodia ends. 1974 – Yuk Young-soo, First Lady of South Korea, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon President Park Chung Hee. 1975 – Bangladeshi leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is killed along with most members of his family during a military coup. 1975 – Takeo Miki makes the first official pilgrimage to Yasukuni Shrine by an incumbent prime minister on the anniversary of the end of World War II. 1976 – SAETA Flight 232 crashes into the Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador, killing all 59 people on board; the wreckage is not discovered until 2002.[10] 1977 – The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the "Wow! signal" from the notation made by a volunteer on the project. 1984 – The Kurdistan Workers' Party in Turkey starts a campaign of armed attacks upon the Turkish Armed Forces with an attack on police and gendarmerie bases in Şemdinli and Eruh. 1985 – Signing of the Assam Accord, an agreement between representatives of the Government of India and the leaders of the Assam Movement to end the movement. 1989 – China Eastern Airlines Flight 5510 crashes after takeoff from Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, killing 34 of the 40 people on board.[11] 1995 – In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet matriculated at The Citadel (she drops out less than a week later). 1995 – Tomiichi Murayama, Prime Minister of Japan, releases the Murayama Statement, which formally expresses remorse for Japanese war crimes committed during World War II.[12] 1998 – Northern Ireland: Omagh bombing takes place; 29 people (including a woman pregnant with twins) killed and some 220 others injured.[13] 1998 – Apple introduces the iMac computer.[14] 1999 – Beni Ounif massacre in Algeria: Some 29 people are killed at a false roadblock near the Moroccan border, leading to temporary tensions with Morocco. 2005 – Israel's unilateral disengagement plan to evict all Israelis from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the northern West Bank begins. 2005 – The Helsinki Agreement between the Free Aceh Movement and the Government of Indonesia was signed, ending almost three decades of fighting. 2007 – An 8.0-magnitude earthquake off the Pacific coast devastates Ica and various regions of Peru killing 514 and injuring 1,090. 2013 – At least 27 people are killed and 226 injured in an explosion in southern Beirut near a complex used by Lebanon's militant group Hezbollah in Lebanon. A previously unknown Syrian Sunni group claims responsibility in an online video. 2013 – The Smithsonian announces the discovery of the olinguito, the first new carnivorous species found in the Americas in 35 years. 2015 – North Korea moves its clock back half an hour to introduce Pyongyang Time, 81⁄2 hours ahead of UTC. 2020 – Russia begins production on the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine.[15] 2021 – Kabul falls into the hands of the Taliban as Ashraf Ghani flees Afghanistan along with local residents and foreign nationals, effectively reestablishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Births Pre-1600 1013 – Teishi, empress of Japan (d. 1094) 1171 – Alfonso IX, king of León and Galicia (d. 1230) 1195 – Anthony of Padua, Portuguese priest and saint (d. 1231) 1385 – Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford, English commander (d. 1417)[16] 1432 – Luigi Pulci, Italian poet (d. 1484) 1455 – George, duke of Bavaria (d. 1503) 1507 – George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince (d. 1553) 1575 – Bartol Kašić, Croatian linguist and lexicographer (d. 1650) 1589 – Gabriel Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1613) 1601–1900 1607 – Herman IV, landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (d. 1658) 1608 – Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1652)[17] 1613 – Gilles Ménage, French lawyer, philologist, and scholar (d. 1692) 1615 – Marie de Lorraine, duchess of Guise (d. 1688) 1652 – John Grubb, American politician (d. 1708) 1702 – Francesco Zuccarelli, Italian painter and Royal Academician (d. 1788)[18] 1717 – Blind Jack, English engineer (d. 1810)[19] 1736 – Johann Christoph Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1803)[20] 1740 – Matthias Claudius, German poet and author (d. 1815) 1769 – Napoleon Bonaparte, French general and emperor (d. 1821)[21] 1771 – Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, playwright, and poet (d. 1832)[22] 1785 – Thomas De Quincey, English journalist and author (d. 1859)[23] 1787 – Eliza Lee Cabot Follen, American writer, editor, abolitionist (d. 1860)[24] 1798 – Sangolli Rayanna, Indian warrior (d. 1831) 1807 – Jules Grévy, French lawyer and politician, 4th President of the French Republic (d. 1891) 1810 – Louise Colet, French poet (d. 1876)[25] 1824 – John Chisum, American businessman (d. 1884) 1839 – Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (d. 1915) 1844 – Thomas-Alfred Bernier, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1908) 1845 – Walter Crane, English artist and book illustrator (d. 1915)[26] 1856 – Keir Hardie, Scottish politician and trade unionist (d. 1915)[27] 1857 – Albert Ballin, German businessman (d. 1918) 1858 – E. Nesbit, English author and poet (d. 1924)[28] 1859 – Charles Comiskey, American baseball player and manager (d. 1931)[29] 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States (d. 1924)[30] 1863 – Aleksey Krylov, Russian mathematician and engineer (d. 1945) 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader, founded Reiki (d. 1926) 1866 – Italo Santelli, Italian fencer (d. 1945) 1872 – Sri Aurobindo, Indian guru, poet, and philosopher (d. 1950) 1873 – Ramaprasad Chanda, Indian archaeologist and historian (d. 1942) 1875 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English pianist, violinist, and composer (d. 1912)[31] 1876 – Stylianos Gonatas, Greek colonel and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1966) 1877 – Tachiyama Mineemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 22nd Yokozuna (d. 1941) 1879 – Ethel Barrymore, American actress (d. 1959) 1881 – Alfred Wagenknecht, German-American activist and politician (d. 1956) 1882 – Marion Bauer, American composer and critic (d. 1955)[32] 1882 – Gisela Richter, English archaeologist and art historian (d. 1972) 1883 – Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect (d. 1962)[33] 1885 – Edna Ferber, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (d. 1968)[34] 1886 – Bill Whitty, Australian cricketer (d. 1974) 1890 – Jacques Ibert, French composer and educator (d. 1962)[35] 1892 – Louis de Broglie, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)[36] 1892 – Abraham Wachner, New Zealand politician, 35th Mayor of Invercargill (d. 1950) 1893 – Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer and academic (d. 1950) 1896 – Gerty Cori, Czech-American biochemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)[37] 1896 – Catherine Doherty, Russian-Canadian activist, founded the Madonna House Apostolate (d. 1985) 1896 – Paul Outerbridge, American photographer and educator (d. 1958)[38] 1898 – Jan Brzechwa, Polish author and poet (d. 1966) 1900 – Estelle Brody, American silent film actress (d. 1995) 1900 – Jack Tworkov, Polish-American painter and educator (d. 1982)[39] 1901–present 1901 – Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Panamanian politician, 21st President of Panamá (d. 1988) 1901 – Pyotr Novikov, Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1975) 1902 – Jan Campert, Dutch journalist and critic (d. 1943) 1904 – George Klein, Canadian inventor, invented the motorized wheelchair (d. 1992)[40] 1909 – Hugo Winterhalter, American composer and bandleader (d. 1973) 1912 – Julia Child, American chef and author (d. 2004)[41] 1912 – Wendy Hiller, English actress (d. 2003)[42] 1914 – Paul Rand, American graphic designer and art director (d. 1996)[43] 1915 – Signe Hasso, Swedish-American actress (d. 2002) 1916 – Aleks Çaçi, Albanian journalist and author (d. 1989) 1917 – Jack Lynch, Irish footballer and politician, 5th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1999) 1917 – Óscar Romero, Salvadoran archbishop (d. 1980) 1919 – Huntz Hall, American actor (d. 1999)[44] 1919 – Benedict Kiely, Irish journalist and author (d. 2007)[45] 1920 – Judy Cassab, Austrian-Australian painter (d. 2008) 1921 – August Kowalczyk, Polish actor and director (d. 2012) 1922 – Leonard Baskin, American sculptor and illustrator (d. 2000)[46] 1922 – Giorgos Mouzakis, Greek trumpet player and composer (d. 2005) 1922 – Sabino Barinaga, Spanish footballer and manager (d. 1988) 1923 – Rose Marie, American actress and singer (d. 2017)[47] 1924 – Robert Bolt, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 1995)[48] 1924 – Hedy Epstein, German-American Holocaust survivor and activist (d. 2016)[49] 1924 – Yoshirō Muraki, Japanese production designer, art director, and fashion designer (d. 2009) 1924 – Phyllis Schlafly, American lawyer, writer, and political activist (d. 2016)[50] 1925 – Mike Connors, American actor and producer (d. 2017)[51] 1925 – Rose Maddox, American singer-songwriter and fiddle player (d. 1998)[52] 1925 – Oscar Peterson, Canadian pianist and composer (d. 2007)[53] 1925 – Bill Pinkney, American singer (d. 2007) 1925 – Erik Schmidt, Swedish-Estonian painter and author (d. 2014) 1926 – Julius Katchen, American pianist and composer (d. 1969)[54] 1926 – Eddie Little Sky, American actor (d. 1997)[55] 1926 – Sami Michael, Iraqi-Israeli author and playwright (d. 2024)[56] 1926 – John Silber, American philosopher and academic (d. 2012)[57] 1926 – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, Greek lawyer and politician, 6th President of Greece (d. 2016)[58] 1927 – Eddie Leadbeater, English cricketer (d. 2011)[59] 1927 – Oliver Popplewell, English cricketer and judge (d. 2024)[60] 1928 – Carl Joachim Classen, German scholar and academic (d. 2013) 1928 – Malcolm Glazer, American businessman (d. 2014)[61] 1928 – Nicolas Roeg, English director and cinematographer (d. 2018)[62] 1931 – Ernest C. Brace, American captain and pilot (d. 2014)[63] 1931 – Richard F. Heck, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)[64] 1932 – Abby Dalton, American actress (d. 2020)[65] 1932 – Robert L. Forward, American physicist and engineer (d. 2002)[66] 1932 – Jim Lange, American game show host and DJ (d. 2014)[67] 1932 – Johan Steyn, Baron Steyn, South African-English lawyer and judge (d. 2017)[68] 1933 – Bobby Helms, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1997) 1933 – Stanley Milgram, American social psychologist (d. 1984)[69] 1933 – Mike Seeger, American folk musician and folklorist (d. 2009)[70] 1934 – Bobby Byrd, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2007)[71] 1934 – Reginald Scarlett, Jamaican cricketer and coach (d. 2019) 1934 – Darrell K. Sweet, American illustrator (d. 2011)[72] 1934 – Valentin Varlamov, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut instructor (d. 1980)[73] 1935 – Jim Dale, English actor, narrator, singer, director, and composer[74] 1935 – Régine Deforges, French author, playwright, and director (d. 2014)[75] 1936 – Pat Priest, American actress[76] 1936 – Rita Shane, American soprano and educator (d. 2014)[77] 1938 – Stephen Breyer, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States 1938 – Stix Hooper, American jazz drummer[78] 1938 – Pran Kumar Sharma, Indian cartoonist (d. 2014) 1938 – Maxine Waters, American educator and politician[79] 1938 – Janusz Zajdel, Polish engineer and author (d. 1985) 1940 – Gudrun Ensslin, German militant leader, founded Red Army Faction (d. 1977) 1941 – Jim Brothers, American sculptor (d. 2013) 1941 – Don Rich, American country musician (d. 1974) 1942 – Pete York, English rock drummer[76] 1943 – Eileen Bell, Northern Irish civil servant and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1944 – Dimitris Sioufas, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister of Health (d. 2019) 1945 – Khaleda Zia, Bangladeshi politician, Prime Minister of Bangladesh[80] 1946 – Jimmy Webb, American singer-songwriter and pianist[81] 1947 – Rakhee Gulzar, Indian film actress[82] 1948 – Patsy Gallant, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress 1948 – Tom Johnston, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[76] 1949 – Phyllis Smith, American actress[76] 1950 – Tommy Aldridge, American drummer 1950 – Tess Harper, American actress[76] 1950 – Tom Kelly, American baseball player 1950 – Anne, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom[83] 1951 – Ann Biderman, American screenwriter and producer 1951 – Bobby Caldwell, American singer-songwriter (d. 2023)[84] 1951 – John Childs, English cricketer 1952 – Chuck Burgi, American drummer 1953 – Carol Thatcher, English journalist and author 1953 – Mark Thatcher, English businessman 1953 – Wolfgang Hohlbein, German author 1954 – Stieg Larsson, Swedish journalist and author (d. 2004) 1956 – Lorraine Desmarais, Canadian pianist and composer[85] 1956 – Freedom Neruda, Ivorian journalist 1956 – Robert Syms, English businessman and politician 1957 – Željko Ivanek, Slovenian-American actor[76] 1958 – Simon Baron-Cohen, English-Canadian psychiatrist and author 1958 – Craig MacTavish, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1958 – Simple Kapadia, Indian actress and costume designer (d. 2009) 1958 – Victor Shenderovich, Russian journalist and radio host 1958 – Rondell Sheridan, American actor and comedian[76] 1959 – Scott Altman, American captain, pilot, and astronaut 1961 – Ed Gillespie, American political strategist 1961 – Matt Johnson, English singer-songwriter and musician[76] 1961 – Gary Kubiak, American football player and coach 1961 – Suhasini Maniratnam, Indian actress and screenwriter 1962 – Tom Colicchio, American chef and author 1962 – Rıdvan Dilmen, Turkish footballer and manager 1962 – Inês Pedrosa, Portuguese writer 1962 – Vilja Savisaar-Toomast, Estonian lawyer and politician 1963 – Alejandro González Iñárritu, Mexican director, producer, and screenwriter[76] 1963 – Simon Hart, Welsh soldier and politician 1963 – Jack Russell, England cricketer and coach 1964 – Jane Ellison, English lawyer and politician 1964 – Melinda Gates, American businesswoman and philanthropist, co-founded the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation[86] 1965 – Rob Thomas, American author, screenwriter, and producer 1966 – Scott Brosius, American baseball player and coach 1966 – Dimitris Papadopoulos, Greek basketball player and coach 1967 – Tony Hand, Scottish ice hockey player and coach 1967 – Peter Hermann, American actor[87] 1968 – Debra Messing, American actress[76] 1969 – Bernard Fanning, Australian singer-songwriter 1969 – Carlos Roa, Argentine footballer 1970 – Anthony Anderson, American comedian, actor, and producer[76] 1970 – Ben Silverman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter, founded Electus Studios 1971 – Adnan Sami, Indian singer, musician, music composer, pianist and actor 1972 – Ben Affleck, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[76] 1972 – Jennifer Alexander, Canadian ballerina (d. 2007) 1972 – Mikey Graham, Irish singer[88] 1974 – Natasha Henstridge, Canadian model and actress[76] 1974 – Tomasz Suwary, Polish footballer 1975 – Bertrand Berry, American football player and radio host 1975 – Vijay Bharadwaj, Indian cricketer and coach 1975 – Brendan Morrison, Canadian ice hockey player 1975 – Kara Wolters, American basketball player 1976 – Boudewijn Zenden, Dutch footballer and manager 1977 – Martin Biron, Canadian ice hockey player 1977 – Anthony Rocca, Australian footballer and coach 1978 – Waleed Aly, Australian journalist and television host[89] 1978 – Lilia Podkopayeva, Ukrainian gymnast 1978 – Stavros Tziortziopoulos, Greek footballer 1978 – Kerri Walsh Jennings, American volleyball player 1979 – Carl Edwards, American race car driver 1980 – Fiann Paul, Icelandic explorer[90] 1981 – Brendan Hansen, American swimmer 1981 – Óliver Pérez, American baseball player 1982 – Casey Burgener, American weightlifter 1982 – Germán Caffa, Argentine footballer 1982 – David Harrison, American basketball player 1983 – Siobhan Chamberlain, English association football goalkeeper 1984 – Jarrod Dyson, American baseball player[91] 1984 – Emily Kinney, American actress and singer-songwriter[76] 1985 – Nipsey Hussle, American rapper (d. 2019) 1987 – Ryan D'Imperio, American football player 1987 – Michel Kreder, Dutch cyclist 1987 – Sean McAllister, English footballer 1988 – Oussama Assaidi, Moroccan footballer 1989 – Joe Jonas, American singer-songwriter[76] 1989 – Ryan McGowan, Australian footballer 1989 – Carlos PenaVega, American actor and singer[92] 1989 – Jordan Rapana, New Zealand rugby league player 1990 – Jennifer Lawrence, American actress[76] 1991 – Petja Piiroinen, Finnish snowboarder 1992 – Baskaran Adhiban, Indian chess player 1992 – Matthew Judon, American football player[93] 1993 – Rieah Holder, Barbadian netball player[94] 1993 – Clinton N'Jie, Cameroonian footballer 1993 – Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, English footballer 1994 – Lasse Vigen Christensen, Danish footballer 1994 – Kosuke Hagino, Japanese swimmer 1995 – Chief Keef, American rapper[95] 1995 – Setyana Mapasa, Indonesian-Australian badminton player[96] 1999 – Paola Reis, BMX rider[97] Deaths Pre-1600 398 – Lan Han, official of the Xianbei state Later Yan 423 – Honorius, Roman emperor (b. 384) 465 – Libius Severus, Roman emperor (b. 420) 698 – Theodotus of Amida, Syrian Orthodox holy man[98] 767 – Abu Hanifa, Iraqi scholar and educator (b. 699)[99][100] 778 – Roland, Frankish military leader 873 – Yi Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 833) 874 – Altfrid, bishop of Hildesheim 912 – Han Jian, Chinese warlord (b. 855) 932 – Ma Xisheng, Chinese governor and king (b. 899) 978 – Li Yu, ruler ('king') of Southern Tang 986 – Minnborinus, Irish missionary and abbot[101] 1022 – Nikephoros Phokas Barytrachelos, Byzantine rebel 1038 – Stephen I, Hungarian king (b. 975) 1057 – Macbeth, King of Scotland 1118 – Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1048) 1196 – Conrad II, Duke of Swabia (b. 1173) 1224 – Marie of France, Duchess of Brabant (b. 1198) 1257 – Saint Hyacinth of Poland 1274 – Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and educator, founded the College of Sorbonne (b. 1201) 1275 – Lorenzo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice 1328 – Yesün Temür, emperor of the Yuan dynasty (b. 1293) 1369 – Philippa of Hainault, Queen consort of Edward III of England (b. 1314) 1388 – Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio, Bohemian theologian and rector of the University of Paris (b. circa 1320) 1399 – Ide Pedersdatter Falk, Danish noblewoman (b. 1358) 1496 – Infanta Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile and León (b. 1428) 1506 – Alexander Agricola, Flemish composer (b. c. 1445)[102] 1507 – John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1439) 1528 – Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, French general (b. 1485) 1552 – Hermann of Wied, German archbishop (b. 1477) 1594 – Thomas Kyd, English playwright (b. 1558) 1601–1900 1621 – John Barclay, Scottish poet and author (b. 1582)[103] 1666 – Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German missionary and astronomer (b. 1591)[104] 1714 – Constantin Brâncoveanu, Romanian prince (b. 1654) 1728 – Marin Marais, French viol player and composer (b. 1656)[105] 1758 – Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer (b. 1698)[106] 1799 – Giuseppe Parini, Italian poet and author (b. 1729) 1844 – José María Coppinger, governor of Spanish East Florida (b. 1733)[107] 1852 – Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist, and mineralogist (b. 1760) 1859 – Nathaniel Claiborne, American farmer and politician (b. 1777)[108] 1901–present 1907 – Joseph Joachim, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1831)[109] 1909 – Euclides da Cunha, Brazilian sociologist and journalist (b. 1866) 1917 – Thomas J. Higgins, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1831) 1925 – Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator (b. 1878)[110] 1928 – Anatole von Hügel, Italian ethnologist and academic, co-founded St Edmund's College, Cambridge (b. 1854) 1935 – Wiley Post, American pilot (b. 1898)[111] 1935 – Will Rogers, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (b. 1879)[112] 1935 – Paul Signac, French painter and author (b. 1863)[113] 1936 – Grazia Deledda, Italian novelist and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)[114] 1942 – Mahadev Desai, Indian activist and author (b. 1892)[115] 1945 – Korechika Anami, Japanese general and politician, 54th Japanese Minister of the Army (b. 1887) 1945 – Fred Hockley, English lieutenant and pilot (b. 1923) 1951 – Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1882)[116] 1953 – Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist and engineer (b. 1875)[117] 1962 – Lei Feng, Chinese soldier (b. 1940) 1967 – René Magritte, Belgian painter (b. 1898)[118] 1971 – Paul Lukas, Hungarian-American actor (b. 1887)[119] 1974 – Clay Shaw, American businessman (b. 1913)[120] 1975 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladeshi politician, 1st President of Bangladesh (b. 1920)[121] 1975 – Harun Karadeniz, Turkish political activist and author (b. 1942) 1981 – Carol Ryrie Brink, American author (b. 1895)[122] 1981 – Jørgen Løvset, Norwegian gynaecologist and academic (b. 1896) 1982 – Ernie Bushmiller, American cartoonist (b. 1905)[123] 1982 – Jock Taylor, Scottish motorcycle sidecar racer (b. 1954)[124] 1982 – Hugo Theorell, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)[125] 1989 – Minoru Genda, Japanese general, pilot, and politician (b. 1904)[126] 1989 – Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, Greek general and diplomat (b. 1897) 1990 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian musician and actor (b. 1962)[127] 1992 – Linda Laubenstein, American physician and academic (b. 1947)[128] 1994 – Wout Wagtmans, Dutch cyclist (b. 1929) 1995 – John Cameron Swayze, American journalist and actor (b. 1906)[129] 1997 – Ida Gerhardt, Dutch poet and educator (b. 1905) 1999 – Hugh Casson, English architect and interior designer (b. 1910)[130] 2000 – Lancelot Ware, English barrister and biochemist, co-founder of Mensa (b. 1915)[131] 2001 – Yavuz Çetin, Turkish singer-songwriter (b. 1970) 2001 – Richard Chelimo, Kenyan runner (b. 1972)[132] 2001 – Kateryna Yushchenko, Ukrainian computer scientist and academic (b. 1919)[133] 2004 – Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916) 2004 – Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (b. 1941)[134] 2005 – Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana, Indian dermatologist and academic (b. 1927)[135] 2006 – Te Atairangikaahu, New Zealand queen (b. 1931)[136] 2006 – Rick Bourke, Australian rugby league player (b. 1955) 2006 – Coenraad Bron, Dutch computer scientist and academic (b. 1937) 2006 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer and manager (b. 1923) 2007 – Richard Bradshaw, English conductor and director (b. 1944)[137] 2007 – John Gofman, American biologist, chemist, and physicist (b. 1918)[138] 2007 – Geoffrey Orbell, New Zealand physician (b. 1908) 2007 – Sam Pollock, Canadian businessman (b. 1925)[139] 2008 – Vic Toweel, South African-Australian boxer (b. 1929) 2008 – Jerry Wexler, American journalist and producer (b. 1917)[140] 2011 – Rick Rypien, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1984)[141] 2012 – Bob Birch, American bass player and saxophonist (b. 1956) 2012 – Altamiro Carrilho, Brazilian flute player and composer (b. 1924) 2012 – Harry Harrison, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)[142] 2013 – Rosalía Mera, Spanish businesswoman, co-founded Inditex and Zara (b. 1944)[143] 2013 – Sławomir Mrożek, Polish-French author and playwright (b. 1930)[144] 2013 – Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Nepali politician, 28th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1942)[145] 2013 – August Schellenberg, Canadian actor (b. 1936)[146] 2014 – Licia Albanese, Italian-American soprano and actress (b. 1909)[147] 2015 – Julian Bond, American academic, leader of the civil rights movement, and politician (b. 1940)[148] 2015 – Hamid Gul, Pakistani general (b. 1936)[149] 2017 – Gunnar Birkerts, Latvian-American architect (b. 1925)[150] 2020 – Robert Trump, American real-estate developer, business executive (b. 1948)[151][152] 2021 – Gerd Müller, German footballer (b. 1945)[153] 2024 – Peter Marshall, American game show host, performer, and singer (b. 1926)[154] Holidays and observances Armed Forces Day (Poland) Christian feast day: Altfrid Alypius of Thagaste Feast day of the Assumption of Mary, one of the Catholic holy days of obligation. (a public holiday in Austria, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, France, some states in Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Italy, Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Mauritius, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, and Vanuatu); and its related observances: Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos (Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches) Ferragosto (Italy) Lady's Day (Ireland) Māras (Latvia) Mother's Day (Antwerp and Costa Rica) National Acadian Day (Acadians) Navy Day (Romania) Virgin of Candelaria, patron of the Canary Islands. (Tenerife, Spain) San La Muerte (Paraguayan Folk Catholicism) Santa Muerte (Mexican Folk Catholicism) Tarcisius August 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Constitution Day (Equatorial Guinea) Founding of Asunción (Paraguay) Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Korea from Japan in 1945: Gwangbokjeol, "Independence Day" (South Korea) Jogukhaebangui nal, "Fatherland Liberation Day" (North Korea) Independence Day, celebrates the independence of India from the United Kingdom in 1947. Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Republic of the Congo from France in 1960. National Day (Liechtenstein) National Day of Mourning (Bangladesh) The first day of Flooding of the Nile, or Wafaa El-Nil (Egypt and Coptic Church) The main day of Bon Festival (Japan), and its related observances: Awa Dance Festival (Tokushima Prefecture) Victory over Japan Day (United Kingdom), and its related observances: End-of-war Memorial Day, when the National Memorial Service for War Dead is held (Japan)

August 14 is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 139 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan.[1] 29 BC – Octavian holds the second of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.[2] 1040 – King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as King of Scotland.[3] 1183 – Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan.[4][5] 1264 – After tricking the Venetian galley fleet into sailing east to the Levant, the Genoese capture an entire Venetian trade convoy at the Battle of Saseno.[6] 1352 – War of the Breton Succession: Anglo-Bretons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.[7] 1370 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, grants city privileges to Karlovy Vary.[8] 1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383–85: Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese forces commanded by John I of Portugal defeat the Castilian army of John I of Castile.[9] 1592 – The first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis.[10] 1598 – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.[11] 1601–1900 1720 – The Spanish military Villasur expedition is defeated by Pawnee and Otoe warriors near present-day Columbus, Nebraska.[12] 1784 – Russian colonization of North America: Awa’uq Massacre: The Russian fur trader Grigory Shelikhov storms a Kodiak Island Alutiit refuge rock on Sitkalidak Island, killing 500+ Alutiit.[13] 1790 – The Treaty of Wereloe ended the 1788–1790 Russo-Swedish War.[14] 1791 – Slaves from plantations in Saint-Domingue hold a Vodou ceremony led by houngan Dutty Boukman at Bois Caïman, marking the start of the Haitian Revolution.[15] 1814 – A cease fire agreement, called the Convention of Moss, ended the Swedish–Norwegian War.[16] 1816 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, administering the islands from the Cape Colony in South Africa.[17] 1842 – American Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida.[18] 1848 – Oregon Territory is organized by act of Congress.[19] 1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed.[20] 1885 – Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.[21] 1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.[22] 1900 – Battle of Peking: The Eight-Nation Alliance occupies Beijing, China, in a campaign to end the bloody Boxer Rebellion in China.[23] 1901–present 1901 – The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.[24] 1914 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Lorraine, an unsuccessful French offensive.[25] 1917 – World War I: The Republic of China, which had heretofore been shipping labourers to Europe to assist in the war effort, officially declares war on the Central Powers, although it will continue to send to Europe labourers instead of combatants for the remaining duration of the war.[26] 1920 – The 1920 Summer Olympics, having started four months earlier, officially open in Antwerp, Belgium, with the newly adopted Olympic flag and the Olympic oath being raised and taken at the Opening Ceremony for the first time in Olympic history.[27][28] 1921 – Tannu Uriankhai, later Tuvan People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Soviet Russia).[29] 1933 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn; destroying 240,000 acres (970 km2) of land.[30] 1935 – Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired.[31] 1936 – Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last known public execution in the United States.[32] 1941 – World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims.[33] 1947 – Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire as the Dominion of Pakistan, due to the partition of India.[34] 1948 – An Idaho Department of Fish and Game program to relocate beavers known as Beaver drop occurred. This program relocated beavers from Northwestern Idaho to Central Idaho by airplane and then parachuting the beavers into the Chamberlain Basin .[35] 1959 – Founding and first official meeting of the American Football League.[36] 1967 – UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act 1967 declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.[37] 1969 – The Troubles: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland as political and sectarian violence breaks out, marking the start of the 37-year Operation Banner.[38] 1971 – Bahrain declares independence from Britain.[39] 1972 – An Ilyushin Il-62 airliner crashes near Königs Wusterhausen, East Germany killing 156 people.[40] 1980 – Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at the Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.[41] 1994 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured.[42] 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is shot and killed by a Turkish security officer while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.[43] 2003 – A widescale power blackout affects the northeast United States and Canada.[44] 2005 – Helios Airways Flight 522, en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashes in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew.[45] 2006 – Lebanon War: A ceasefire takes effect three days after the United Nations Security Council’s approval of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, formally ending hostilities between Lebanon and Israel.[46] 2006 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sixty-one schoolgirls killed in Chencholai bombing by Sri Lankan Air Force air strike.[47] 2007 – The Kahtaniya bombings kill at least 500 people.[48] 2013 – Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators supporting former president Mohamed Morsi.[49] 2013 – UPS Airlines Flight 1354 crashes short of the runway at Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, killing both crew members on board.[50] 2015 – The U.S. Embassy in Havana, Cuba re-opens after 54 years of being closed when Cuba–United States relations were broken off.[51] 2021 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes southwestern Haiti, killing at least 2,248 people and causing a humanitarian crisis.[52] 2022 – An explosion destroys a market in Armenia, killing six people and injuring dozens.[53] 2023 – Former U.S. President Donald Trump is charged in Georgia along with 18 others in attempting to overturn the results of the 2020 election in that state, his fourth indictment of 2023.[54] Births Pre-1600 1479 – Catherine of York (d. 1527)[55] 1499 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English politician (d. 1526)[56] 1502 – Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (d. 1550)[57] 1530 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1590)[58] 1552 – Paolo Sarpi, Italian writer (d. 1623)[59] 1599 – Méric Casaubon, Swiss-English scholar and author (d. 1671)[60] 1601–1900 1642 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)[61] 1653 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English colonel and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica (d. 1688)[62] 1688 – Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)[63] 1714 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)[64] 1738 – Leopold Hofmann, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1793)[65] 1742 – Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)[66] 1758 – Carle Vernet, French painter and lithographer (d. 1836)[67] 1777 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (d. 1851)[68] 1802 – Letitia Elizabeth Landon, English poet and novelist (d. 1838)[69] 1814 – Charlotte Fowler Wells, American phrenologist and publisher (d. 1901)[70] 1817 – Alexander H. Bailey, American lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1874)[71] 1840 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German-Austrian psychologist and author (d. 1902)[72] 1847 – Robert Comtesse, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 1922)[73] 1848 – Margaret Lindsay Huggins, Anglo-Irish astronomer and author (d. 1915)[74] 1851 – Doc Holliday, American dentist and gambler (d. 1887)[75] 1860 – Ernest Thompson Seton, American author, artist, and naturalist (d. 1946)[76] 1863 – Ernest Thayer, American poet and author (d. 1940)[77] 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1952)[78] 1866 – Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (d. 1962)[79] 1867 – Cupid Childs, American baseball player (d. 1912)[80] 1867 – John Galsworthy, English novelist and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1933)[81] 1871 – Guangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908)[82] 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian-Lithuanian painter and illustrator (d. 1957)[83] 1876 – Alexander I of Serbia (d. 1903)[84] 1881 – Francis Ford, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1953)[85] 1883 – Ernest Everett Just, American biologist and academic (d. 1941)[86] 1886 – Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, Canadian-American physicist and academic (d. 1950)[87] 1889 – Otto Tief, Estonian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1976)[88] 1890 – Bruno Tesch, German chemist and businessman (d. 1946)[89] 1892 – Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English pianist, composer, and critic (d. 1988)[90] 1894 – Frank Burge, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1958)[91] 1895 – Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1973)[92] 1895 – Amaza Lee Meredith, American architect (d. 1984)[93] 1896 – Albert Ball, English fighter pilot (d. 1917)[94] 1896 – Theodor Luts, Estonian director and cinematographer (d. 1980)[95] 1900 – Margret Boveri, German journalist (d. 1975)[96] 1901–present 1910 – Nüzhet Gökdoğan, Turkish astronomer and mathematician (d. 2003)[97] 1910 – Willy Ronis, French photographer (d. 2009)[98] 1910 – Pierre Schaeffer, French composer and producer (d. 1995)[99] 1912 – Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist and academic (d. 1985)[100] 1913 – Hector Crawford, Australian director and producer (d. 1991)[101] 1913 – Paul Dean, American baseball player (d. 1981)[102] 1914 – Herman Branson, American physicist, chemist, and academic (d. 1995)[103] 1915 – B. A. Santamaria, Australian political activist and publisher (d. 1998)[104] 1916 – Frank and John Craighead, American naturalists (twins, Frank d. 2001, John d. 2016)[105] 1916 – Wellington Mara, American businessman (d. 2005)[106] 1923 – Alice Ghostley, American actress (d. 2007)[107] 1924 – Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect, designed the Hedmark Museum (d. 2009)[108] 1924 – Georges Prêtre, French conductor (d. 2017)[109] 1925 – Russell Baker, American critic and essayist (d. 2019)[110] 1926 – René Goscinny, French author and illustrator (d. 1977)[111] 1926 – Buddy Greco, American singer and pianist (d. 2017)[112] 1928 – Lina Wertmüller, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2021)[113] 1929 – Giacomo Capuzzi, Italian Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lodi from 1989 to 2005 (d. 2021).[114] 1929 – Dick Tiger, Nigerian boxer (d. 1971)[115] 1930 – Arthur Latham, British politician and Member of Parliament (d. 2016)[116] 1930 – Earl Weaver, American baseball player and manager (d. 2013)[117] 1931 – Frederic Raphael, American journalist, author, and screenwriter[118] 1932 – Lee Hoffman, American author (d. 2007)[119] 1933 – Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)[120] 1935 – John Brodie, American football player[121] 1938 – Bennie Muller, Dutch footballer (d. 2024)[122] 1941 – David Crosby, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2023)[123] 1941 – Connie Smith, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist[124] 1942 – Willie Dunn, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2013)[125] 1943 – Ronnie Campbell, English miner and politician (d. 2024)[126] 1943 – Ben Sidran, American jazz and rock keyboardist[127] 1945 – Steve Martin, American actor, comedian, musician, producer, and screenwriter[128] 1945 – Wim Wenders, German director, producer, and screenwriter[129] 1946 – Antonio Fargas, American actor[130] 1946 – Larry Graham, American soul/funk bass player and singer-songwriter[131] 1946 – Susan Saint James, American actress[132] 1946 – Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish race car driver and businessman (d. 2010)[133] 1947 – Maddy Prior, English folk singer[134] 1947 – Danielle Steel, American author[135] 1947 – Joop van Daele, Dutch footballer[136] 1949 – Bob Backlund, American wrestler[137] 1949 – Morten Olsen, Danish footballer[138] 1950 – Gary Larson, American cartoonist[132] 1951 – Slim Dunlap, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[139]: 1894  1951 – Carl Lumbly, American actor[130] 1952 – Debbie Meyer, American swimmer[140] 1953 – James Horner, American composer and conductor (d. 2015)[141] 1954 – Mark Fidrych, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2009)[142] 1954 – Stanley A. McChrystal, American general[143] 1956 – Jackée Harry, American actress and television personality[144] 1956 – Andy King, English footballer and manager (d. 2015)[145] 1956 – Rusty Wallace, American race car driver[132] 1957 – Peter Costello, Australian lawyer and politician[146] 1959 – Frank Brickowski, American basketball player[147] 1959 – Marcia Gay Harden, American actress[148] 1959 – Magic Johnson, American basketball player and coach[149] 1960 – Sarah Brightman, English singer and actress[150] 1960 – Fred Roberts, American basketball player[151] 1961 – Susan Olsen, American actress and radio host[130] 1962 – Mark Gubicza, American baseball player[152] 1963 – José Cóceres, Argentinian golfer[153] 1964 – Neal Anderson, American football player and coach[154] 1964 – Jason Dunstall, Australian footballer[155] 1965 – Paul Broadhurst, English golfer[156] 1966 – Halle Berry, American model, actress, and producer[157] 1966 – Karl Petter Løken, Swedish-Norwegian footballer[158] 1968 – Ben Bass, American actor[130] 1968 – Catherine Bell, English-American actress and producer[132] 1968 – Darren Clarke, Northern Irish golfer[159] 1968 – Jason Leonard, English rugby player[160] 1969 – Tracy Caldwell Dyson, American chemist and astronaut[161] 1969 – Stig Tøfting, Danish footballer[162] 1970 – Kevin Cadogan, American rock guitarist[139]: 2005  1971 – Raoul Bova, Italian actor, producer, and screenwriter[163] 1971 – Benito Carbone, Italian footballer[164] 1971 – Peter Franzén, Finnish actor[165][166] 1971 – Mark Loretta, American baseball player[167] 1972 – Laurent Lamothe, Haitian businessman and politician, Prime Minister of Haiti[168] 1973 – Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer[169] 1973 – Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer[170] 1974 – Chucky Atkins, American basketball player[171] 1974 – Christopher Gorham, American actor[130] 1975 – Mike Vrabel, American football player[172] 1976 – Fabrizio Donato, Italian triple jumper[173] 1977 – Juan Pierre, American baseball player[174] 1978 – Anastasios Kyriakos, Greek footballer[175] 1978 – Greg Rawlinson, New Zealand rugby player[176] 1979 – Paul Burgess, Australian pole vaulter[177] 1980 – Peter Malinauskas, Australian politician, 47th Premier of South Australia[178] 1981 – Earl Barron, American basketball player[179] 1981 – Paul Gallen, Australian rugby league player, boxer, and sportscaster[180] 1981 – Julius Jones, American football player[181] 1981 – Kofi Kingston, Ghanaian-American wrestler[182] 1981 – Scott Lipsky, American tennis player[183] 1983 – Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-Scottish tennis player (d. 2014)[184] 1983 – Mila Kunis, Ukrainian-American actress[132] 1983 – Lamorne Morris, American actor and comedian[130] 1983 – Spencer Pratt, American television personality[130] 1984 – Eva Birnerová, Czech tennis player[185] 1984 – Clay Buchholz, American baseball player[186] 1984 – Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer[187] 1984 – Josh Gorges, Canadian ice hockey player[188] 1984 – Nick Grimshaw, English radio and television host[189] 1984 – Nicola Slater, Scottish tennis player[190] 1984 – Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player[191] 1985 – Christian Gentner, German footballer[192] 1985 – Shea Weber, Canadian ice hockey player[193] 1986 – Braian Rodríguez, Uruguayan footballer[194] 1987 – Johnny Gargano, American wrestler[195] 1987 – David Peralta, Venezuelan baseball player[196] 1987 – Tim Tebow, American football and baseball player and sportscaster[197] 1989 – Ander Herrera, Spanish footballer[198] 1989 – Kyle Turris, Canadian ice hockey player[199] 1991 – Richard Freitag, German ski jumper[200] 1991 – Giovanny Gallegos, Mexican baseball player [201] 1994 – Maya Jama, British TV presenter.[202] 1995 – Léolia Jeanjean, French tennis player[203] 1997 – Greet Minnen, Belgian tennis player[204] 2004 – Marsai Martin, American actress and producer[205] Deaths Pre-1600 582 – Tiberius II Constantine, Byzantine emperor[206] 1040 – Duncan I of Scotland[207] 1167 – Rainald of Dassel, Italian archbishop[208] 1204 – Minamoto no Yoriie, second Shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate[209] 1433 – John I of Portugal (b. 1357)[210] 1464 – Pope Pius II (b. 1405)[211] 1573 – Saitō Tatsuoki, Japanese daimyō (b. 1548)[212] 1601–1900 1691 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, Irish soldier and politician (b. 1630)[213] 1716 – Madre María Rosa, Capuchin nun from Spain, to Peru (b. 1660)[214] 1727 – William Croft, English organist and composer (b. 1678)[215] 1774 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German physician and scholar (b. 1716)[216] 1784 – Nathaniel Hone the Elder, Irish-born English painter and academic (b. 1718)[217] 1852 – Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (b. 1788)[218] 1854 – Carl Carl, Polish-born actor and theatre director (b. 1787)[219] 1860 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist and entomologist (b. 1774)[220] 1870 – David Farragut, American admiral (b. 1801)[221] 1890 – Michael J. McGivney, American priest, founded the Knights of Columbus (b. 1852)[222] 1891 – Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (b. 1803)[223] 1901–present 1905 – Simeon Solomon, English soldier and painter (b. 1840)[224] 1909 – William Stanley, British engineer and author (b. 1829)[225] 1922 – Rebecca Cole, American physician and social reformer (b. 1846)[226] 1928 – Klabund, German author and poet (b. 1890)[227] 1938 – Hugh Trumble, Australian cricketer and accountant (b. 1876)[228] 1941 – Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr and saint (b. 1894)[229] 1941 – Paul Sabatier, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)[230] 1943 – Joe Kelley, American baseball player and manager (b. 1871)[231] 1948 – Eliška Misáková, Czech gymnast (b. 1926)[232] 1951 – William Randolph Hearst, American publisher and politician, founded the Hearst Corporation (b. 1863)[233] 1954 – Hugo Eckener, German pilot and designer (b. 1868)[234] 1955 – Herbert Putnam, American lawyer and publisher, Librarian of Congress (b. 1861)[235] 1956 – Bertolt Brecht, German poet, playwright, and director (b. 1898)[236] 1956 – Konstantin von Neurath, German lawyer and politician, Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1873)[237] 1958 – Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)[238] 1963 – Clifford Odets, American director, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1906)[239] 1964 – Johnny Burnette, American singer-songwriter (b. 1934)[240] 1965 – Vello Kaaristo, Estonian skier (b. 1911)[241] 1967 – Bob Anderson, English motorcycle racer and race car driver (b. 1931)[242] 1972 – Oscar Levant, American actor, pianist, and composer (b. 1906)[243] 1972 – Jules Romains, French author and poet (b. 1885)[244] 1973 – Fred Gipson, American journalist and author (b. 1908)[245] 1978 – Nicolas Bentley, English author and illustrator (b. 1907)[246] 1980 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian-American model and actress (b. 1960)[247] 1981 – Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor and director (b. 1894)[248] 1981 – Dudley Nourse, South African cricketer (b. 1910)[249] 1982 – Mahasi Sayadaw, Burmese monk and philosopher (b. 1904)[250] 1984 – Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1904)[251] 1984 – J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)[252] 1985 – Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)[253] 1988 – Roy Buchanan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1939)[254] 1988 – Robert Calvert, South African-English singer-songwriter and playwright (b. 1945)[139]: 1712  1988 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver and businessman, founded Ferrari (b. 1898)[255] 1991 – Alberto Crespo, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1920)[256] 1992 – John Sirica, American lawyer and judge (b. 1904)[257] 1994 – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-Swiss author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)[258] 1994 – Alice Childress, American actress, playwright, and author (b. 1912)[259] 1996 – Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian conductor and composer (b. 1912)[260] 1999 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1918)[261] 2002 – Larry Rivers, American painter and sculptor (b. 1923)[262] 2003 – Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)[263] 2004 – Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born American novelist, essayist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)[264] 2004 – Trevor Skeet, New Zealand-English lawyer and politician (b. 1918)[265] 2006 – Bruno Kirby, American actor (b. 1949)[266] 2007 – Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1913)[267] 2010 – Herman Leonard, American photographer (b. 1923)[268] 2012 – Vilasrao Deshmukh, Indian lawyer and politician, Chief Minister of Maharashtra (b. 1945)[269] 2012 – Svetozar Gligorić, Serbian chess player (b. 1923)[270] 2012 – Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (b. 1919)[271] 2013 – Jack Germond, American journalist and author (b. 1928)[272] 2014 – Leonard Fein, American journalist and academic, co-founded Moment Magazine (b. 1934)[273] 2014 – George V. Hansen, American politician (b. 1930)[274] 2015 – Bob Johnston, American songwriter and producer (b. 1932)[275] 2016 – Fyvush Finkel, American actor (b. 1922)[276] 2018 – Jill Janus, American singer (b. 1975)[277] 2019 – Polly Farmer, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1935)[278] 2020 – Julian Bream, English classical guitarist and lutenist (b. 1933)[279] 2020 – Angela Buxton, British tennis player (b. 1934)[280] 2020 – James R. Thompson, American politician, Governor of Illinois (b. 1936)[281] 2021 – Michael Aung-Thwin, American historian and scholar of Burmese and Southeast Asian history (b. 1946)[282] 2023 – Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, Bangladeshi Islamic lecturer, politician (b. 1940)[283] 2024 – Gena Rowlands, American actress (b. 1930)[284] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Arnold of Soissons[285] Domingo Ibáñez de Erquicia[286] Eusebius of Rome[287] Jonathan Myrick Daniels (Episcopal Church)[288] Maximilian Kolbe[229] National Navajo Code Talkers Day is a holiday in the United States honoring Navajo code talkers in the military.[289][290][291] Falklands Day is the celebration of the first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis in 1592.[292] Independence Day celebrates the independence of Pakistan from the United Kingdom in 1947.[34] Partition Horrors Remembrance Day commemorates the victims and sufferings of people during the Partition of India in 1947.[293]

August 13 is the 225th day of the year (226th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 140 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. 554 – Emperor Justinian I rewards Liberius for his service in the Pragmatic Sanction, granting him extensive estates in Italy. 582 – Maurice becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 871 – Emperor Louis II of Italy and Empress Engelberga are captured by Prince Adelchis of Benevento.[1] 900 – Count Reginar I of Hainault rises against Zwentibold of Lotharingia and slays him near present-day Susteren. 1099 – Raniero is elected as Pope Paschal II, who would become deeply entangled in the Investiture Controversy. 1516 – The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan. 1521 – After an extended siege, forces led by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés capture Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc and conquer the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. 1532 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France. 1536 – Buddhist monks from Kyoto, Japan's Enryaku-ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in what will be known as the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. 1553 – Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland as a heretic. 1601–1900 1624 – The French king Louis XIII appoints Cardinal Richelieu as prime minister. 1645 – Sweden and Denmark sign Peace of Brömsebro. 1650 – Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards.[2] 1704 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim: English and Imperial forces are victorious over French and Bavarian troops. 1724 – Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of Nimm von uns, Herr, du treuer Gott, BWV 101, a chorale cantata on a famous tune.[3] 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Royal Navy defeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss of United States naval forces prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. 1792 – King Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an enemy of the people. 1806 – Battle of Mišar during the Serbian Revolution begins. The battle ends two days later with a Serbian victory over the Ottomans. 1814 – The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Netherlands, is signed in London, England. 1868 – The 8.5–9.0 Mw  Arica earthquake struck southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand. 1889 – William Gray of Hartford, Connecticut is granted United States Patent Number 408,709 for "Coin-controlled apparatus for telephones."[4] 1898 – Spanish–American War: Spanish and American forces engage in a mock battle for Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands.[5] 1898 – Carl Gustav Witt discovers 433 Eros, the first near-Earth asteroid to be found. 1900 – The steamer Deutschland of Hamburg America Lines set a new record for the eastward passage when it docked on Plymouth, England, five days, 11 hours and 45 minutes after sailing from New York, breaking by three hours, six minutes its previous mark in its maiden voyage in July.[6] 1901–present 1905 – Norwegians vote to end the union with Sweden. 1906 – The all black infantrymen of the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Regiment are accused of killing a white bartender and wounding a white police officer in Brownsville, Texas, despite exculpatory evidence; all are later dishonorably discharged. (Their records were later restored to reflect honorable discharges but there were no financial settlements.) 1913 – First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley. 1918 – Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha May Johnson is the first woman to enlist. 1918 – Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) established as a public company in Germany. 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: The Battle of Warsaw begins and will last till August 25. The Red Army is defeated. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Shanghai begins. 1942 – Major General Eugene Reybold of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the "Development of Substitute Materials" project, better known as the Manhattan Project. 1944 – World War II: German troops begin the pillage and razing of Anogeia in Crete that would continue until September 5. 1954 – Radio Pakistan broadcasts the "Qaumī Tarāna", the national anthem of Pakistan for the first time. 1960 – The Central African Republic declares independence from France. 1961 – Cold War: East Germany closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West, and construction of the Berlin Wall is started.[7] The day is known as Barbed Wire Sunday. 1964 – Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the murder of John Alan West becoming the last people executed in the United Kingdom. 1967 – Two young women became the first fatal victims of grizzly bear attacks in the 57-year history of Montana's Glacier National Park in separate incidents.[8] 1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens. 1969 – The Apollo 11 astronauts enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York City.[9] That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Richard Nixon.[10] 1973 – Aviaco Flight 118 crashes on approach to A Coruña Airport in A Coruña, Spain, killing all 85 people on the plane and one other one the ground.[11] 1977 – Members of the British National Front (NF) clash with anti-NF demonstrators in Lewisham, London, resulting in 214 arrests and at least 111 injuries. 1978 – One hundred fifty Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of the Lebanese Civil War. 1990 – A mainland Chinese fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5202 is hit by a Taiwanese naval vessel and sinks in a repatriation operation of mainland Chinese immigrants, resulting in 21 deaths. This is the second tragedy less than a month after Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident.[12] 2004 – One hundred fifty-six Congolese Tutsi refugees are massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi. 2008 – Russo-Georgian War: Russian units occupy the Georgian city of Gori. 2014 – A Cessna Citation Excel crashes in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil killing all seven people aboard, including Brazilian Socialist Party presidential candidate Eduardo Campos.[13] 2015 – At least 76 people are killed and 212 others are wounded in a truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq. 2020 – Israel–United Arab Emirates relations are formally established.[14] Births Pre-1600 985 – Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (d. 1021) 1311 – Alfonso XI, king of Castile and León (d. 1350) 1567 – Samuel de Champlain, French explorer (d. 1635)[15] 1584 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland (d. 1640) 1592 – William, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count, field marshal of the Dutch State Army (d. 1642)[16] 1601–1900 1625 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist (d. 1698) 1662 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1748) 1666 – William Wotton, English linguist and scholar (d. 1727) 1700 – Heinrich von Brühl, Polish-German politician (d. 1763) 1717 – Louis François, Prince of Conti (d. 1776) 1756 – James Gillray, English caricaturist and printmaker (d. 1815) 1764 – Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (d. 1813) 1790 – William Wentworth, Australian journalist, explorer, and politician (d. 1872) 1803 – Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (d. 1869) 1814 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (d. 1874) 1818 – Lucy Stone, American abolitionist and suffragist (d. 1893) 1819 – Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish mathematician and physicist (d. 1903) 1820 – George Grove, English musicologist and historian (d. 1900) 1823 – Goldwin Smith, English-Canadian historian and journalist (d. 1910) 1824 – John J. Robison, American politician in Michigan (d. 1897)[17] 1831 – Salomon Jadassohn, German pianist and composer (d. 1902) 1841 – Johnny Mullagh, Australian cricketer (d. 1891) 1842 – Charles Wells, English brewer, founded Charles Wells Ltd (d. 1914) 1849 – Leonora Barry, Irish-born American social activist (d. 1930)[18] 1851 – Felix Adler, German-American religious leader and educator (d. 1933) 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter (d. 1926)[19] 1866 – Giovanni Agnelli, Italian businessman, founded Fiat S.p.A. (d. 1945) 1867 – George Luks, American painter and illustrator (d. 1933) 1871 – Karl Liebknecht, German politician, co-founded Communist Party of Germany (d. 1919)[20] 1872 – Richard Willstätter, German-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1942) 1879 – John Ireland, English composer and educator (d. 1962) 1884 – Harry Dean, English cricketer and coach (d. 1957) 1888 – John Logie Baird, Scottish engineer, invented the television (d. 1946) 1888 – Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (d. 1975) 1889 – Camillien Houde, Canadian lawyer and politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (d. 1958) 1895 – István Barta, Hungarian water polo player (d. 1948) 1895 – Bert Lahr, American actor (d. 1967) 1898 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (d. 1994) 1898 – Regis Toomey, American actor (d. 1991) 1899 – Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (d. 1980) 1899 – José Ramón Guizado, Panamanian politician, 17th President of Panama (d. 1964)[21] 1901–present 1902 – Felix Wankel, German engineer (d. 1988) 1904 – Buddy Rogers, American actor and musician (d. 1999) 1904 – Margaret Tafoya, Native American Pueblo potter (d. 2001)[22] 1906 – Chuck Carroll, American football player and lawyer (d. 2003) 1906 – Art Shires, American baseball player and boxer (d. 1967) 1907 – Basil Spence, Scottish architect, designed Coventry Cathedral (d. 1976) 1908 – Gene Raymond, American actor and pilot (d. 1998) 1911 – William Bernbach, American advertiser, co-founded DDB Worldwide (d. 1982) 1912 – Claire Cribbs, American basketball player and coach (d. 1985) 1912 – Ben Hogan, American golfer and sportscaster (d. 1997) 1912 – Salvador Luria, Italian-American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991) 1913 – Makarios III, Greek archbishop and politician, 1st President of Cyprus (d. 1977) 1913 – Fred Davis, English snooker player (d. 1998) 1914 – Grace Bates, American mathematician and academic (d. 1996) 1917 – Sid Gordon, American baseball player (d. 1975) 1918 – Noor Hassanali, Trinidadian lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2006) 1918 – Frederick Sanger, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)[23] 1919 – Rex Humbard, American evangelist and television host (d. 2007) 1919 – George Shearing, English jazz pianist and bandleader (d. 2011) 1920 – Neville Brand, American actor (d. 1992) 1921 – Louis Frémaux, French conductor (d. 2017) 1921 – Jimmy McCracklin, American blues/R&B singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2012) 1921 – Mary Lee, Scottish singer (d. 2022)[24] 1922 – Chuck Gilmur, American basketball player, coach, and educator (d. 2011) 1925 – Benny Bailey, American trumpet player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2005) 1925 – José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, Argentine executive and policy maker (d. 2013) 1926 – Fidel Castro, Cuban lawyer and politician, ex-President of Cuba (d. 2016) 1928 – John Tidmarsh, English journalist and radio host (d. 2019) 1929 – Pat Harrington, Jr., American actor (d. 2016) 1930 – Wilfried Hilker, German footballer and referee 1930 – Don Ho, American singer and ukulele player (d. 2007) 1930 – Bernard Manning, English comedian (d. 2007) 1930 – Wilmer Mizell, American baseball player and politician (d. 1999) 1930 – Bob Wiesler, American baseball player (d. 2014) 1933 – Joycelyn Elders, American admiral and physician, 15th Surgeon General of the United States 1935 – Alex de Renzy, American director and producer (d. 2001) 1935 – Mudcat Grant, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2021) 1938 – Dave "Baby" Cortez, American R&B pianist, organist, and composer 1938 – Bill Masterton, Canadian ice hockey player[25] (d. 1968) 1940 – Bill Musselman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2000) 1942 – Hissène Habré, Chadian politician and war criminal, 5th president of Chad (d. 2021)[26] 1943 – Fred Hill, American football player 1943 – Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, President of Haiti[27] 1943 – Michael Willetts, English sergeant; George Cross recipient (d. 1971) 1944 – Kevin Tighe, American actor[28] 1945 – Lars Engqvist, Swedish politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden 1945 – Gary Gregor, American basketball player 1945 – Robin Jackman, Indian-English cricketer and sportscaster (d. 2020) 1945 – Howard Marks, Welsh cannabis smuggler, writer, and legalisation campaigner (d. 2016) 1946 – Janet Yellen, American economist, 78th United States secretary of the treasury[29] 1947 – Fred Stanley, American baseball player and manager 1947 – John Stocker, Canadian voice actor and director 1947 – Margareta Winberg, Swedish politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden 1948 – Kathleen Battle, American operatic soprano[28] 1949 – Jim Brunzell, American wrestler 1949 – Bobby Clarke, Canadian ice hockey player and manager[25] 1949 – Philippe Petit, French tightrope walker 1949 – Willy Rey, Dutch-Canadian model (d. 1973) 1950 – Jane Carr, English actress[30] 1950 – Rusty Gerhardt, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1951 – Dan Fogelberg, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007) 1952 – Dave Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002) 1952 – Gary Gibbs, American football player and coach 1952 – Suzanne Muldowney, American performance artist[31] 1952 – Herb Ritts, American photographer and director (d. 2002) 1952 – Hughie Thomasson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007) 1952 – Eugenio Lopez III, Filipino businessperson, CEO and chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation 1953 – Tom Cohen, American philosopher, theorist, and academic 1953 – Ron Hilditch, Australian rugby league player and coach 1953 – Thomas Pogge, German philosopher and academic 1953 – Peter Wright, English historian and author 1954 – Nico Assumpção, Brazilian bass player (d. 2001) 1955 – Keith Ahlers, English race car driver 1955 – Hideo Fukuyama, Japanese race car driver 1955 – Paul Greengrass, English director and screenwriter 1956 – Rohinton Fali Nariman, Judge of the Supreme Court of India[32] 1958 – David Feherty, Northern Irish golfer and sportscaster 1958 – Feargal Sharkey, Northern Irish singer-songwriter 1958 – Randy Shughart, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1993) 1959 – Danny Bonaduce, American actor and wrestler[28] 1959 – Bruce French, English cricketer and coach 1959 – Tom Niedenfuer, American baseball player 1960 – Ivar Stukolkin, Estonian swimmer 1961 – Koji Kondo, Japanese composer and sound director 1961 – Dawnn Lewis, American actress[28] 1961 – Neil Mallender, English cricketer and umpire 1961 – Tom Perrotta, American novelist and screenwriter 1962 – John Slattery, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[28] 1963 – Steve Higgins, American talk show co-host and announcer, writer, producer, comedian and impressionist 1963 – Valerie Plame, American CIA agent and author 1963 – Sridevi, Indian actress (d. 2018) 1964 – Jay Buhner, American baseball player and sportscaster 1964 – Debi Mazar, American actress[28] 1964 – Tom Prince, American baseball player and manager 1965 – Mark Lemke, American baseball player, coach, and radio host 1965 – Hayato Matsuo, Japanese composer and conductor 1966 – Scooter Barry, American basketball player 1966 – Shayne Corson, Canadian ice hockey player 1967 – Quinn Cummings, American actress, author, and entrepreneur[28] 1967 – Dave Jamerson, American basketball player 1967 – Digna Ketelaar, Dutch tennis player 1968 – Tal Bachman, Canadian singer-songwriter 1968 – Todd Hendricks, American football player and coach 1968 – Tony Jarrett, English sprinter and hurdler 1969 – Midori Ito, Japanese figure skater 1970 – Will Clarke, American author 1970 – Elvis Grbac, American football player and coach 1970 – Seana Kofoed, American actress[28] 1970 – Alan Shearer, English footballer and manager[33] 1971 – Patrick Carpentier, Canadian race car driver 1971 – Adam Housley, American baseball player and journalist 1971 – Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor [34] 1972 – Kevin Plank, American businessman, founded Under Armour 1973 – Molly Henneberg, American journalist 1973 – Eric Medlen, American race car driver (d. 2007) 1974 – Scott MacRae, American baseball player and coach 1974 – Joe Perry, English snooker player 1974 – Niklas Sundin, Swedish musician and artist 1974 – Jarrod Washburn, American baseball player and coach 1975 – Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani cricketer 1975 – Marty Turco, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster[25] 1976 – Geno Carlisle, American basketball player 1976 – Nicolás Lapentti, Ecuadorian tennis player 1977 – Michael Klim, Polish-Australian swimmer 1977 – Kenyan Weaks, American basketball player and coach 1978 – Dwight Smith, American football player 1979 – Román Colón, Dominican baseball player 1979 – Corey Patterson, American baseball player 1979 – Taizō Sugimura, Japanese politician 1980 – Murtz Jaffer, Canadian journalist 1982 – Christopher Raeburn, English fashion designer 1982 – Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Governor of Arkansas, American political consultant and press secretary 1982 – Sebastian Stan, Romanian-American actor[28] 1983 – Dallas Braden, American baseball player 1983 – Aleš Hemský, Czech ice hockey player 1983 – Ľubomír Michalík, Slovak footballer 1983 – Christian Müller, German footballer 1984 – Alona Bondarenko, Ukrainian tennis player 1984 – Niko Kranjčar, Croatian footballer 1984 – Boone Logan, American baseball player 1984 – James Morrison, English singer-songwriter and guitarist[28] 1985 – Gerrit van Look, German rugby player and coach 1987 – Jose Lorenzo Diokno, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter 1987 – Devin McCourty, American football player 1987 – Jason McCourty, American football player 1987 – Jamie Reed, Welsh footballer 1988 – Keith Benson, American basketball player 1988 – Jerry Hughes, American football player[35] 1988 – Brandon Workman, American baseball player 1989 – Greg Draper, New Zealand footballer 1989 – Justin Greene, American basketball player 1989 – Israel Jiménez, Mexican footballer 1990 – DeMarcus Cousins, American basketball player 1990 – Benjamin Stambouli, French footballer 1991 – Dave Days, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1991 – Lesley Doig, Scottish lawn bowler[36] 1992 – Katrina Gorry, Australian football player 1992 – Lucas Moura, Brazilian footballer 1992 – Alicja Tchórz, Polish swimmer 1992 – Taijuan Walker, American baseball player[37] 1993 – Moses Mbye, Australian rugby league player 1994 – Filip Forsberg, Swedish ice hockey player 1996 – Antonia Lottner, German tennis player 1998 – Dalma Gálfi, Hungarian tennis player[38] 1999 – Lennon Stella, Canadian singer and actress[28] 2000 – Na Jaemin, South Korean rapper, singer, dancer and actor[39] Deaths Pre-1600 587 – Radegund, Frankish princess and saint (b. 520) 604 – Wen, emperor of the Sui Dynasty (b. 541) 612 – Fabia Eudokia, Byzantine empress (b. 580) 662 – Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine theologian 696 – Takechi, Japanese prince 900 – Zwentibold, king of Lotharingia (b. 870) 908 – Al-Muktafi, Abbasid caliph 981 – Gyeongjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 955) 1134 – Irene of Hungary, Byzantine empress (b. 1088) 1297 – Nawrūz, Mongol emir 1311 – Pietro Gradenigo, doge of Venice 1382 – Eleanor of Aragon, queen of Castile (b. 1358) 1447 – Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of Milan (b. 1392) 1523 – Gerard David, Flemish painter (b. 1460) 1601–1900 1608 – Giambologna, Italian sculptor (b. 1529) 1617 – Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss clergyman and theologian (b. 1540) 1667 – Jeremy Taylor, Irish bishop and saint (b. 1613) 1686 – Louis Maimbourg, French priest and historian (b. 1610) 1721 – Jacques Lelong, French priest and author (b. 1665) 1744 – John Cruger, Danish-American businessman and politician, 39th Mayor of New York City (b. 1678) 1749 – Johann Elias Schlegel, German poet and critic (b. 1719) 1766 – Margaret Fownes-Luttrell, English painter (b. 1726) 1795 – Ahilyabai Holkar, Queen of Indore (b. 1725)[40] 1826 – René Laennec, French physician, invented the stethoscope (b. 1781) 1863 – Eugène Delacroix, French painter and lithographer (b. 1798) 1865 – Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian physician and obstetrician (b. 1818) 1900 – Collis Potter Huntington, American railway magnate (b. 1821)[41] 1901–present 1910 – Florence Nightingale, Italian-English nurse and theologian (b. 1820)[42] 1912 – Jules Massenet, French composer (b. 1842) 1917 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860) 1934 – Mary Hunter Austin, American author and playwright (b. 1868) 1937 – Sigizmund Levanevsky, Soviet aircraft pilot of Polish origin (b. 1902) 1946 – H. G. Wells, English novelist, historian, and critic (b. 1866) 1954 – Demetrius Constantine Dounis, Greek violinist and mandolin player (b. 1886) 1958 – Francis J. McCormick, American football, basketball player, and coach (b. 1903) 1963 – Louis Bastien, French cyclist and fencer (b. 1881) 1965 – Hayato Ikeda, Japanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1899) 1971 – W. O. Bentley, English race car driver and engineer, founded Bentley Motors Limited (b. 1888) 1974 – Ida McNeil, American broadcaster and designer of the flag of South Dakota (b. 1888)[43] 1975 – Murilo Mendes, Brazilian poet and telegrapher (b. 1901) 1978 – Lonnie Mayne, American wrestler (b. 1944) 1979 – Andrew Dasburg, American painter and sculptor (b. 1887) 1984 – Tigran Petrosian, Georgian-Armenian chess player (b. 1929) 1986 – Helen Mack, American actress (b. 1913) 1989 – Tim Richmond, American race car driver (b. 1955) 1989 – Larkin I. Smith, American police officer and politician (b. 1944) 1991 – James Roosevelt, American general and politician (b. 1907) 1995 – Alison Hargreaves, English mountaineer (b. 1963) 1995 – Jan Křesadlo, Czech-English psychologist and author (b. 1926) 1995 – Mickey Mantle, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1931) 1996 – António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician, 14th President of Portugal (b. 1910) 1998 – Nino Ferrer, Italian-French singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934) 1998 – Edward Ginzton, Ukrainian-American physicist and academic (b. 1915) 1998 – Julien Green, American author (b. 1900) 1998 – Rafael Robles, Dominican-American baseball player (b. 1947) 1999 – Ignatz Bubis, German Jewish religious leader (b. 1927) 1999 – Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and lawyer (b. 1960) 2000 – Nazia Hassan, Pakistani singer-songwriter (b. 1965)[44] 2001 – Otto Stuppacher, Austrian race car driver (b. 1947) 2001 – Jim Hughes, American baseball player and manager (b. 1923) 2001 – Betty Cavanna, American author (b. 1909)[45] 2003 – Ed Townsend, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1929) 2004 – Julia Child, American chef, author, and television host (b. 1912) 2005 – Miguel Arraes, Brazilian lawyer and politician (b. 1916) 2005 – David Lange, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1942) 2006 – Tony Jay, English actor and singer (b. 1933) 2006 – Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish musician (b. 1975) 2007 – Brian Adams, American wrestler (b. 1964) 2007 – Brooke Astor, American philanthropist and socialite (b. 1902) 2007 – Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1917) 2008 – Henri Cartan, French mathematician and academic (b. 1904) 2008 – Bill Gwatney, American politician (b. 1959) 2008 – Jack Weil, American businessman (b. 1901) 2009 – Lavelle Felton, American basketball player (b. 1980) 2010 – Panagiotis Bachramis, Greek footballer (b. 1976) 2010 – Lance Cade, American wrestler (b. 1981) 2010 – Edwin Newman, American journalist and author (b. 1919) 2011 – Tareque Masud, Bangladeshi director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1957) 2011 – Mishuk Munier, Bangladeshi journalist and cinematographer (b. 1959) 2012 – Hugo Adam Bedau, American philosopher and academic (b. 1926) 2012 – Helen Gurley Brown, American journalist and author (b. 1922) 2012 – Ray Jordon, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1937) 2012 – Johnny Pesky, American baseball player and manager (b. 1919) 2012 – Joan Roberts, American actress and singer (b. 1917) 2013 – Lothar Bisky, German politician (b. 1941) 2013 – Aaron Selber, Jr., American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1927) 2013 – Jean Vincent, French footballer and manager (b. 1930) 2014 – Frans Brüggen, Dutch flute player and conductor (b. 1934) 2014 – Eduardo Campos, Brazilian politician, 14th Brazilian Minister of Science and Technology (b. 1965) 2014 – Martino Finotto, Italian race car driver (b. 1933) 2014 – Süleyman Seba, Turkish footballer and manager (b. 1926) 2015 – Watban Ibrahim al-Tikriti, Iraqi politician, Iraqi Minister of Interior (b. 1952) 2015 – Bob Fillion, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (b. 1920) 2015 – Om Prakash Munjal, Indian businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Hero Cycles (b. 1928) 2016 – Kenny Baker, English actor and musician (b. 1934) 2016 – Pramukh Swami Maharaj, Indian Hindu leader (b. 1921) 2018 – Jim Neidhart, American wrestler (b. 1955)[46] 2021 – Nanci Griffith, American singer-songwriter (b. 1953)[47] 2024 – Richard Alatorre, American politician (b. 1943)[48] 2024 – Wally Amos, American entrepreneur, founder of Famous Amos (b. 1936)[49] 2024 – Sergio Donati, Italian screenwriter (b. 1933)[50] 2024 – Greg Kihn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949)[51] 2024 – Frank Selvy, American basketball player and coach (b. 1932)[52] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Benedetto Sinigardi Benildus Romançon Centola and Helen Cassian of Imola Clara Maass (Lutheran Church) Fachtna of Rosscarbery Florence Nightingale, Octavia Hill (Lutheran Church) Herulph Hippolytus of Rome Jeremy Taylor (Anglican Communion) John Berchmans (before 1970) Junian of Mairé Blessed Marco d'Aviano Maximus the Confessor Nerses Glaietsi (Catholic Church) Pope Pontian Radegunde Wigbert August 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Central African Republic from France in 1960. International Lefthanders Day (International) Women's Day, commemorates the enaction of Tunisian Code of Personal Status in 1956. (Tunisia) World Organ Donation Day[53]

August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 141 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.[1] 1121 – Battle of Didgori: The Georgian army under King David IV wins a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi. 1164 – Battle of Harim: Nur ad-Din Zangi defeats the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch.[2] 1323 – The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod Republic is signed, regulating the border between the two countries for the first time.[3] 1492 – Christopher Columbus arrives in the Canary Islands on his first voyage to the New World. 1499 – First engagement of the Battle of Zonchio between Venetian and Ottoman fleets. 1601–1900 1624 – Charles de La Vieuville is arrested and replaced by Cardinal Richelieu as the French king's chief advisor. 1676 – Praying Indian John Alderman shoots and kills Metacomet, the Wampanoag war chief, ending King Philip's War. 1687 – Battle of Mohács: Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottoman Empire. 1765 – Treaty of Allahabad is signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of Company rule in India. 1788 – The Anjala conspiracy is signed.[4] 1793 – The Rhône and Loire départments are created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire is split into two. 1806 – Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires re-takes the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina after the first British invasion. 1831 – French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution. 1851 – Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine.[5] 1865 – Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs the first antiseptic surgery. 1883 – The last quagga dies at the Natura Artis Magistra, a zoo in Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1898 – The Hawaiian flag is lowered from ʻIolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the flag of the United States to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States where it is formally recognized as Hawaii. 1901–present 1914 – World War I: The United Kingdom and the British Empire declare war on Austria-Hungary. 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Halen a.k.a. Battle of the Silver Helmets a clash between large Belgian and German cavalry formations at Halen, Belgium. 1944 – Waffen-SS troops massacre 560 people in Sant'Anna di Stazzema. 1944 – Nazi German troops end the week-long Wola massacre, during which time at least 40,000 people are killed indiscriminately or in mass executions. 1944 – Alençon is liberated by General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by French forces. 1948 – Between 15 and 150 unarmed members of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement are killed by Pakistani police. 1950 – Korean War: Bloody Gulch massacre: Seventy-five American POWs are massacred by the North Korean Army. 1952 – The Night of the Murdered Poets: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union. 1953 – First thermonuclear bomb test: The Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of "RDS-6s" (Joe 4) using a "layered" scheme. 1953 – The 7.2 Ms  Ionian earthquake shakes the southern Ionian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Between 445 and 800 people are killed. 1960 – Echo 1A, NASA's first successful communications satellite, is launched.[6] 1964 – South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to the country's racist policies. 1969 – Violence erupts after the Apprentice Boys of Derry march in Derry, Northern Ireland, resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the Battle of the Bogside. 1976 – Between 1,000 and 3,500 Palestinians are killed in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre, one of the bloodiest events of the Lebanese Civil War. 1977 – The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise. 1977 – The Sri Lanka Riots: Targeting the minority Sri Lankan Tamils, begin, less than a month after the United National Party came to power. Over 300 Tamils are killed. 1981 – The IBM Personal Computer is released. 1984 – An infamous brawl takes place at the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium between the Atlanta Braves and San Diego Padres.[7] 1985 – Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes into Osutaka ridge in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, killing 520, to become the worst single-plane air disaster. 1990 – Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton found to date, is discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota. 1992 – Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). 1994 – Major League Baseball players go on strike, eventually forcing the cancellation of the 1994 World Series. 2000 – The Russian Navy submarine Kursk explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing her entire 118-man crew. 2015 – At least two massive explosions kill 173 people and injure nearly 800 more in Tianjin, China. 2016 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[8][9][10][11] 2017 - The Unite the Right rally occurs in Charlottesville, Virginia, leading to the deaths of 3 and injuring nearly 50 more.[12] 2018 – Thirty-nine civilians, including a dozen children, are killed in an explosion at a weapons depot in Sarmada, Syria.[13] 2021 – Six people, five victims and the perpetrator are killed in Keyham, Plymouth in the worst mass shooting in the UK since 2010.[14] Births Pre-1600 1452 – Abraham Zacuto, Jewish astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, rabbi and historian (d. 1515) 1503 – Christian III of Denmark (d. 1559) 1506 – Franciscus Sonnius, Dutch counter-Reformation theologian (d. 1576) 1591 – Louise de Marillac, co-founder of the Daughters of Charity (d. 1660) 1599 – Sir William Curtius FRS, German magistrate, English baronet (d. 1678) 1601–1900 1604 – Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1651) 1626 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (d. 1690) 1629 – Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1685) 1644 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian-Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1704) 1686 – John Balguy, English philosopher and author (d. 1748) 1696 – Maurice Greene, English organist and composer (d. 1755) 1762 – George IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1830) 1773 – Karl Faber, Prussian historian and academic (d. 1853) 1774 – Robert Southey, English poet and author (d. 1843) 1831 – Helena Blavatsky, Russian theosophist and scholar (d. 1891) 1852 – Michael J. McGivney, American priest and founder of the Knights of Columbus (d. 1890) 1856 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1917) 1857 – Ernestine von Kirchsberg, Austrian painter and educator (d. 1924) 1859 – Katharine Lee Bates, American poet and author (d. 1929)[15] 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler (d. 1907) 1866 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954) 1866 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter, mountaineer, and jurist (d. 1907) 1867 – Edith Hamilton, German-American author and educator (d. 1963) 1870 – Henry Reuterdahl, Swedish-American artist (d. 1925) 1871 – Gustavs Zemgals, Latvian politician, 2nd President of Latvia (d. 1939) 1876 – Mary Roberts Rinehart, American author and playwright (d. 1958) 1877 – Albert Bartha, Hungarian general and politician, Hungarian Minister of Defence (d. 1960) 1880 – Radclyffe Hall, English poet, author, and activist (d. 1943) 1880 – Christy Mathewson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1925) 1881 – Cecil B. DeMille, American director and producer (d. 1959) 1883 – Martha Hedman, Swedish-American actress and playwright (d. 1974) 1883 – Marion Lorne, American actress (d. 1968) 1885 – Jean Cabannes, French physicist and academic (d. 1959) 1885 – Keith Murdoch, Australian journalist (d. 1952) 1885 – Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (d. 1959) 1887 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961) 1889 – Zerna Sharp, American author and educator (d. 1981) 1891 – C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and academic (d. 1953) 1891 – John McDermott, American golfer (d. 1971) 1892 – Alfred Lunt, American actor and director (d. 1977) 1897 – Maurice Fernandes, Guyanese cricketer (d. 1981) 1899 – Ben Sealey, Trinidadian cricketer (d. 1963) 1901–present 1902 – Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian statesman, 1st Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1980) 1904 – Idel Jakobson, Latvian-Estonian NKVD officer (d. 1997) 1904 – Tamás Lossonczy, Hungarian painter (d. 2009) 1904 – Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (d. 1918) 1906 – Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player and coach (d. 1985) 1906 – Tedd Pierce, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1972) 1907 – Gladys Bentley, American blues singer (d. 1960) 1907 – Joe Besser, American actor (d. 1988) 1907 – Boy Charlton, Australian swimmer (d. 1975) 1907 – Benjamin Sheares, Singaporean physician and politician, 2nd President of Singapore (d. 1981) 1909 – Bruce Matthews, Canadian general and businessman (d. 1991) 1910 – Yusof bin Ishak, Singaporean journalist and politician, 1st President of Singapore (d. 1970)[16] 1910 – Jane Wyatt, American actress (d. 2006) 1911 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1993) 1912 – Samuel Fuller, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1997) 1913 – Richard L. Bare, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015) 1914 – Gerd Buchdahl, German-English philosopher and author (d. 2001) 1914 – Ruth Lowe, Canadian pianist and songwriter (d. 1981) 1915 – Michael Kidd, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2007) 1916 – Ioan Dicezare, Romanian general and pilot (d. 2012) 1916 – Edward Pinkowski, American writer, journalist and Polonia historian (d. 2020) 1917 – Oliver Crawford, American screenwriter and author (d. 2008) 1917 – Ebba Haslund, Norwegian writer (d. 2009)[17] 1918 – Sid Bernstein, American record producer (d. 2013) 1918 – Guy Gibson, Anglo-Indian commander and pilot, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1944) 1919 – Margaret Burbidge, English-American astrophysicist and academic (d. 2020) 1919 – Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist and academic (d. 1971) 1920 – Charles Gibson, American ethnohistorian (d. 1985) 1920 – Percy Mayfield, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 1984)[18] 1922 – Fulton Mackay, Scottish actor and playwright (d. 1987) 1922 – Miloš Jakeš, Czech communist politician (d. 2020) 1923 – John Holt, Jamaican cricketer (d. 1997) 1924 – Derek Shackleton, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (d. 2007) 1924 – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistani general and politician, 6th President of Pakistan (d. 1988) 1925 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (d. 2016) 1925 – Guillermo Cano Isaza, Colombian journalist (d. 1986) 1925 – Donald Justice, American poet and writing teacher (d. 2004) 1925 – Norris McWhirter, Scottish publisher and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (d. 2004) 1925 – Ross McWhirter, Scottish publisher and activist, co-founded the Guinness World Records (d. 1975) 1925 – George Wetherill, American physicist and academic (d. 2006) 1926 – Douglas Croft, American child actor (d. 1963)[19] 1926 – John Derek, American actor, director, and cinematographer (d. 1998) 1926 – Joe Jones, American R&B singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2005) 1927 – Porter Wagoner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007) 1928 – Charles Blackman, Australian painter and illustrator (d. 2018) 1928 – Bob Buhl, American baseball player (d. 2001) 1928 – Dan Curtis, American director and producer (d. 2006) 1929 – Buck Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006) 1930 – George Soros, Hungarian-American businessman and investor, founded the Soros Fund Management 1930 – Kanagaratnam Sriskandan, Sri Lankan engineer and civil servant (d. 2010) 1930 – Jacques Tits, Belgian-French mathematician and academic (d. 2021) 1931 – William Goldman, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2018) 1932 – Dallin H. Oaks, American lawyer, jurist, and religious leader 1932 – Charlie O'Donnell, American radio and television announcer (d. 2010) 1932 – Sirikit, Queen mother of Thailand 1933 – Parnelli Jones, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2024)[20] 1933 – Frederic Lindsay, Scottish author and educator (d. 2013) 1934 – Robin Nicholson, English metallurgist and academic 1935 – John Cazale, American actor (d. 1978) 1936 – Kjell Grede, Swedish director and screenwriter (d. 2017) 1937 – Walter Dean Myers, American author and poet (d. 2014) 1938 – Jean-Paul L'Allier, Canadian journalist and politician, 38th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 2016) 1939 – George Hamilton, American actor 1939 – David Jacobs, American television writer and producer (d. 2023)[21] 1939 – S. Jayakumar, Singaporean politician, 4th Senior Minister of Singapore[22] 1939 – Pam Kilborn, Australian track and field athlete 1939 – David King, South African chemist and academic 1939 – Sushil Koirala, Nepalese politician, 37th Prime Minister of Nepal (d. 2016) 1939 – Roy Romanow, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Premier of Saskatchewan 1940 – Eddie Barlow, South African cricketer and coach (d. 2005) 1940 – John Waller, English historical European martial arts (HEMA) revival pioneer and fight director (d. 2018)[23] 1941 – L. M. Kit Carson, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014) 1941 – Réjean Ducharme, Canadian author and playwright (d. 2017) 1941 – Dana Ivey, American actress 1942 – Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt, German physician and author 1943 – Javeed Alam, Indian academician[24] (d. 2016) 1945 – Dorothy E. Denning, American computer scientist and academic 1945 – Ron Mael, American keyboard player and songwriter 1946 – Terry Nutkins, English television host and author (d. 2012) 1947 – John Nathan-Turner, English author and television director, producer, and writer (d. 2002)[25] 1948 – Siddaramaiah, Indian lawyer and politician, 22nd Chief Minister of Karnataka 1948 – Graham J. Zellick, English academic and jurist 1949 – Panagiotis Chinofotis, Greek admiral and politician 1949 – Mark Knopfler, Scottish-English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1949 – Lou Martin, Northern Irish pianist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2012) 1949 – Alex Naumik, Lithuanian-Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2013) 1949 – Rick Ridgeway, American mountaineer and photographer 1950 – Jim Beaver, American actor, director, and screenwriter 1950 – August "Kid Creole" Darnell, American musician, bandleader, singer-songwriter, and record producer 1950 – George McGinnis, American basketball player (d. 2023)[26] 1951 – Klaus Toppmöller, German football manager and former player 1952 – Daniel Biles, American associate justice of the Kansas Supreme Court 1952 – Sitaram Yechury, Indian politician and leader of CPI(M)[27] 1954 – Rob Borbidge, Australian politician, 35th Premier of Queensland 1954 – Leung Chun-ying, Hong Kong businessman and politician, 3rd Chief Executive of Hong Kong 1954 – Ibolya Dávid, Hungarian lawyer and politician, Minister of Justice of Hungary 1954 – François Hollande, French lawyer and politician, 24th President of France 1954 – Sam J. Jones, American actor[28] 1954 – Pat Metheny, American jazz guitarist and composer 1956 – Lee Freedman, Australian horse trainer 1956 – Bruce Greenwood, Canadian actor and producer 1956 – Sidath Wettimuny, Sri Lankan cricketer 1957 – Friedhelm Schütte, German footballer 1957 – Amanda Redman, English actress 1958 – Jürgen Dehmel, German bass player and songwriter 1959 – Kerry Boustead, Australian rugby league player 1960 – Laurent Fignon, French cyclist and sportscaster (d. 2010) 1960 – Greg Thomas, Welsh-English cricketer 1961 – Roy Hay, English guitarist, keyboard player, and composer 1961 – Mark Priest, New Zealand cricketer 1963 – Kōji Kitao, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 60th Yokozuna (d. 2019) 1963 – Campbell Newman, Australian politician, 38th Premier of Queensland 1963 – Sir Mix-a-Lot, American rapper, producer, and actor 1964 – Txiki Begiristain, Spanish footballer 1964 – Michael Hagan, Australian rugby league player and coach 1965 – Peter Krause, American actor 1966 – Tobias Ellwood, American-English captain and politician 1967 – Andy Hui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actor 1967 – Andrey Plotnikov, Russian race walker 1967 – Regilio Tuur, Dutch boxer 1968 – Thorsten Boer, German footballer and manager 1969 – Aga Muhlach, Filipino actor and politician 1969 – Stuart Williams, Nevisian cricketer 1969 – Tanita Tikaram, British pop/folk singer-songwriter[29] 1970 – Aleksandar Đurić, Bosnian footballer 1970 – Charles Mesure, English-Australian actor and screenwriter 1970 – Toby Perkins, English businessman and politician 1970 – Jim Schlossnagle, American baseball player and coach 1970 – Anthony Swofford, American soldier and author 1971 – Michael Ian Black, American comedian, actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1971 – Yvette Nicole Brown, American actress, comedian, and talk show host[30] 1971 – Rebecca Gayheart, American actress 1971 – Pete Sampras, American tennis player 1972 – Demir Demirkan, Turkish singer-songwriter and producer 1972 – Mark Kinsella, Irish footballer and manager 1972 – Takanohana Kōji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 65th Yokozuna 1972 – Gyanendra Pandey, Indian cricketer 1972 – Del the Funky Homosapien, American rapper [31] 1973 – Jonathan Coachman, American sportscaster and wrestler 1973 – Mark Iuliano, Italian footballer and manager 1973 – Todd Marchant, American ice hockey player and coach 1974 – Matt Clement, American baseball player and coach 1974 – Karl Stefanovic, Australian television host 1975 – Casey Affleck, American actor 1976 – Pedro Collins, Barbadian cricketer 1976 – Mikko Lindström, Finnish guitarist 1976 – Henry Tuilagi, Samoan rugby player 1976 – Antoine Walker, American basketball player 1977 – Plaxico Burress, American football player 1977 – Jesper Grønkjær, Danish footballer 1977 – Park Yong-ha, South Korean actor (d. 2010) 1978 – Chris Chambers, American football player 1978 – Hayley Wickenheiser, Canadian ice hockey player 1979 – D. J. Houlton, American baseball player 1979 – Ian Hutchinson, English motorcycle racer 1979 – Cindy Klassen, Canadian speed skater 1979 – Austra Skujytė, Lithuanian pentathlete 1980 – Javier Chevantón, Uruguayan footballer 1980 – Maggie Lawson, American actress 1980 – Dominique Swain, American actress 1980 – Matt Thiessen, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1981 – Tony Capaldi, Norwegian-Northern Irish footballer 1981 – Djibril Cissé, French footballer 1982 – Boban Grnčarov, Macedonian footballer 1982 – Alexandros Tzorvas, Greek footballer 1983 – Klaas-Jan Huntelaar, Dutch footballer 1983 – Kléber Giacomance de Souza Freitas, Brazilian footballer 1983 – Manoa Vosawai, Italian rugby player 1984 – Bryan Pata, American football player (d. 2006) 1985 – Danny Graham, English footballer 1985 – Franck Moutsinga, German rugby player 1986 – Andrei Agius, Maltese footballer 1986 – Kyle Arrington, American football player 1987 – Vanessa Watts, West Indian cricketer 1988 – Tyson Fury, English boxer 1988 – Matt Gillett, Australian rugby league player 1989 – Tom Cleverley, English footballer 1989 – Hong Jeong-ho, South Korean footballer 1989 – Sunye, South Korean singer[32] 1990 – Mario Balotelli, Italian footballer 1990 – Marvin Zeegelaar, Dutch footballer 1990 – Martin Zurawsky, German footballer 1991 – Jesinta Campbell, Australian model 1991 – Sam Hoare, Australian rugby league player 1991 – Khris Middleton, American basketball player[33] 1991 – LaKeith Stanfield, American actor and musician[30] 1992 – Cara Delevingne, English model and actress[34] 1992 – Jacob Loko, Australian rugby player 1992 – Teo Gheorghiu, Swiss pianist and actor 1993 – Ewa Farna, Czech singer-songwriter 1993 – Luna, South Korean singer, actress and presenter[35] 1994 – Ian Happ, American baseball player[36] 1996 – Choi Yu-jin, South Korean singer and actress[37] 1996 – Julio Urías, Mexican baseball player 1996 – Arthur Melo, Brazilian footballer[38] 1996 – Samuel Moutoussamy, Congolese footballer[39] 1998 – Stefanos Tsitsipas, Greek tennis player 1999 – Matthijs de Ligt, Dutch footballer 1999 – Dream, American YouTuber[40] 1999 – Jule Niemeier, German tennis player[41] 2000 – Tristan Charpentier, French racing driver[42] 2001 – Dixie D'Amelio, American social media personality and singer[43] Deaths Pre-1600 30 BC – Cleopatra, Egyptian queen (b. 69 BC) 792 – Jænberht, archbishop of Canterbury 875 – Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 825) 960 – Li Gu, chancellor of Later Zhou (b. 903) 961 – Yuan Zong, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 916) 1222 – Vladislaus III, duke of Bohemia 1295 – Charles Martel, king of Hungary (b. 1271) 1319 – Rudolf I, duke of Bavaria (b. 1274) 1315 – Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman 1335 – Prince Moriyoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1308) 1399 – Demetrius I Starshy, Prince of Trubczewsk (in battle) (b. 1327) 1424 – Yongle, emperor of the Ming Empire (b. 1360) 1484 – Sixtus IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1414)[44] 1546 – Francisco de Vitoria, Spanish theologian (b. 1492) 1577 – Thomas Smith, English scholar and diplomat (b. 1513) 1588 – Alfonso Ferrabosco the elder, Italian-English composer (b. 1543) 1601–1900 1602 – Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Mughal vizier and historian (b. 1551) 1612 – Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian organist and composer (b. 1557) 1638 – Johannes Althusius, German jurist and philosopher (b. 1557) 1674 – Philippe de Champaigne, Belgian-French painter and educator (b. 1602) 1689 – Pope Innocent XI (b. 1611) 1778 – Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire (b. 1714) 1809 – Mikhail Kamensky, Russian field marshal (b. 1738) 1810 – Étienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (b. 1725) 1822 – Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Irish-English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (b. 1769) 1827 – William Blake, English poet and painter (b. 1757) 1829 – Charles Sapinaud de La Rairie, French general (b. 1760) 1848 – George Stephenson, English engineer and academic (b. 1781) 1849 – Albert Gallatin, Swiss-American ethnologist, linguist, and politician, 4th United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1761) 1861 – Eliphalet Remington, American inventor and businessman, founded Remington Arms (b. 1793) 1864 – Sakuma Shōzan, Japanese scholar and politician (b. 1811) 1865 – William Jackson Hooker, English botanist and academic (b. 1785) 1891 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and critic (b. 1819) 1896 – Thomas Chamberlain, American colonel (b. 1841) 1900 – Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian chess player and theoretician (b. 1836) 1901–present 1901 – Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, Finnish-Swedish botanist, geologist, mineralogist, and explorer (b. 1832) 1904 – William Renshaw, English tennis player (b. 1861) 1914 – John Philip Holland, Irish engineer, designed HMS Holland 1 (b. 1840) 1918 – William Thompson, American archer (b. 1848) 1921 – Pyotr Boborykin, Russian playwright and journalist (b. 1836) 1922 – Arthur Griffith, Irish journalist and politician, 3rd President of Dáil Éireann (b. 1871) 1924 – Sándor Bródy, Hungarian journalist and author (b. 1863) 1928 – Leoš Janáček, Czech composer and educator (b. 1854) 1934 – Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Dutch architect, designed the Beurs van Berlage (b. 1856) 1935 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician and academic (b. 1851) 1940 – Nikolai Triik, Estonian painter, illustrator, and academic (b. 1884) 1941 – Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon, English soldier and politician, 56th Governor General of Canada (b. 1866) 1941 – Bobby Peel, English cricketer and umpire (b. 1857) 1943 – Vittorio Sella, Italian photographer and mountaineer (b. 1859) 1944 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1915) 1952 – David Bergelson, Ukrainian author and playwright (b. 1884) 1955 – Thomas Mann, German author and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875) 1955 – James B. Sumner, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) 1959 – Mike O'Neill, Irish-American baseball player and manager (b. 1877) 1964 – Ian Fleming, English spy, journalist, and author (b. 1908)[45] 1966 – Artur Alliksaar, Estonian poet and author (b. 1923) 1967 – Esther Forbes, American historian and author (b. 1891)[46] 1973 – Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881) 1973 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898) 1976 – Tom Driberg, British politician/journalist (b. 1905)[47] 1978 – John Williams, English motorcycle racer (b. 1946) 1979 – Ernst Boris Chain, German-Irish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906) 1982 – Henry Fonda, American actor (b. 1905) 1982 – Salvador Sánchez, Mexican boxer (b. 1959) 1983 – Theodor Burchardi, German admiral (b. 1892) 1984 – Ladi Kwali, Nigerian potter (b. 1925)[48] 1985 – Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer-songwriter (b. 1941) 1985 – Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (b. 1951) 1986 – Evaline Ness, American author and illustrator (b. 1911) 1988 – Jean-Michel Basquiat, American painter (b. 1960) 1989 – Aimo Koivunen, Finnish soldier and corporal (b. 1917)[49] 1989 – William Shockley, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910) 1990 – Dorothy Mackaill, English-American actress (b. 1903) 1992 – John Cage, American composer and theorist (b. 1912) 1996 – Victor Ambartsumian, Georgian-Armenian astrophysicist and academic (b. 1908) 1996 – Mark Gruenwald, American author and illustrator (b. 1953) 1997 – Jack Delano, American photographer and composer (b. 1914) 1999 – Jean Drapeau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 37th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1916) 2000 – Gennady Lyachin, Russian captain (b. 1955) 2000 – Loretta Young, American actress (b. 1913)[50] 2002 – Enos Slaughter, American baseball player and manager (b. 1916) 2004 – Godfrey Hounsfield, English biophysicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919) 2005 – John Loder, English sound engineer and producer, founded Southern Studios (b. 1946) 2006 – Victoria Gray Adams, American civil rights activist (b. 1926) 2007 – Merv Griffin, American actor, singer, and producer, created Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune (b. 1925) 2007 – Mike Wieringo, American author and illustrator (b. 1963) 2008 – Christie Allen, English-Australian singer (b. 1954) 2008 – Helge Hagerup, Norwegian playwright, poet and novelist (b. 1933) 2009 – Les Paul, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1915) 2010 – Isaac Bonewits, American Druid, author, and activist; founded Ár nDraíocht Féin (b. 1949) 2010 – Guido de Marco, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th President of Malta (b. 1931) 2010 – Richie Hayward, American drummer and songwriter (b. 1946) 2010 – André Kim, South Korean fashion designer (b. 1935) 2011 – Robert Robinson, English journalist and author (b. 1927) 2012 – Jimmy Carr, American football player and coach (b. 1933) 2012 – Jerry Grant, American race car driver (b. 1935) 2012 – Joe Kubert, Polish-American illustrator, founded The Kubert School (b. 1926) 2012 – Édgar Morales Pérez, Mexican engineer and politician 2012 – Alf Morris, English politician and activist (b. 1928)[51] 2013 – Tereza de Arriaga, Portuguese painter (b. 1915) 2013 – Hans-Ekkehard Bob, German soldier and pilot (b. 1917) 2013 – Pauline Maier, American historian and academic (b. 1938) 2013 – David McLetchie, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1952) 2013 – Vasiliy Mihaylovich Peskov, Russian ecologist and journalist (b. 1930) 2014 – Lauren Bacall, American model, actress, and singer (b. 1924) 2014 – Futatsuryū Jun'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1950) 2014 – Kongō Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1948) 2015 – Jaakko Hintikka, Finnish philosopher and academic (b. 1929) 2015 – Stephen Lewis, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1926) 2015 – Meshulim Feish Lowy, Hungarian-Canadian rabbi and author (b. 1921) 2015 – John Scott, English organist and conductor (b. 1956) 2016 – Juan Pedro de Miguel, Spanish handball player (b. 1958) 2017 – Bryan Murray, Canadian ice hockey coach (b. 1942) 2019 – DJ Arafat, Ivorian DJ and singer (b. 1986) 2020 – Bill Yeoman, American college football player and coach (b. 1927)[52] 2021 – Una Stubbs, English actress, TV personality, and dancer (b. 1937)[53] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Euplius Eusebius of Milan Herculanus of Brescia Pope Innocent XI Jænberht Jane Frances de Chantal Muiredach (or Murtagh) Porcarius II August 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Glorious Twelfth (United Kingdom) HM the Queen Mother's Birthday and National Mother's Day (Thailand) International Youth Day (United Nations)[54] Russian Air Force Day (Russia) Russian Railway Troops Day (Russia) Sea Org Day (Scientology) World Elephant Day (International)[55]

August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 142 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation. 106 – The south-western part of Dacia (modern Romania) becomes a Roman province: Roman Dacia. 117 – Hadrian is proclaimed Roman emperor, two days after Trajan's death.[1] 355 – Claudius Silvanus, accused of treason, proclaims himself Roman Emperor against Constantius II. 490 – Battle of Adda: The Goths under Theodoric the Great and his ally Alaric II defeat the forces of Odoacer on the Adda River, near Milan. 923 – The Qarmatians of Bahrayn capture and pillage the city of Basra.[2] 1315 – The Great Famine of Europe becomes so dire that even the king of England has difficulties buying bread for himself and his entourage.[3] 1332 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Dupplin Moor: Scots under Domhnall II, Earl of Mar are routed by Edward Balliol. 1473 – The Battle of Otlukbeli: Mehmed the Conqueror of the Ottoman Empire decisively defeats Uzun Hassan of Aq Qoyunlu. 1492 – Rodrigo de Borja is elected as Head of the Catholic Church, taking the name Pope Alexander VI.[4] 1601–1900 1675 – Franco-Dutch War: Forces of the Holy Roman Empire defeat the French in the Battle of Konzer Brücke. 1685 – Morean War: The 49-day Siege of Coron ends with the surrender and massacre of its garrison by the Venetians.[5] 1786 – Captain Francis Light establishes the British colony of Penang in Malaysia. 1804 – Francis II assumes the title of first Emperor of Austria. 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda. 1813 – In Colombia, Juan del Corral declares the independence of Antioquia. 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren. 1871 – An explosion of guncotton occurs in Stowmarket, England, killing 28.[6][7] 1898 – Spanish–American War: American troops enter the city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. 1901–present 1918 – World War I: The Battle of Amiens ends. 1919 – Germany's Weimar Constitution is signed into law.[8] 1920 – The 1920 Cork hunger strike begins which eventually results in the deaths of three Irish Republicans including the Lord Mayor of Cork Terence MacSwiney.[9] 1920 – The Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty, which relinquished Russia's authority and pretenses to Latvia, is signed, ending the Latvian War of Independence. 1929 – Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 500 home runs in his career with a home run at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio. 1934 – The first civilian prisoners arrive at the Federal prison on Alcatraz Island. 1942 – Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones, two-way radio communications, and Wi-Fi. 1945 – Poles in Kraków engage in a pogrom against Jews in the city, killing one and wounding five. 1952 – Hussein bin Talal is proclaimed King of Jordan. 1959 – Sheremetyevo International Airport, the second-largest airport in Russia, opens. 1960 – Chad declares independence from France. 1961 – The former Portuguese territories in India of Dadra and Nagar Haveli are merged to create the Union Territory Dadra and Nagar Haveli. 1962 – Vostok 3 launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome and cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev becomes the first person to float in microgravity. 1965 – Race riots (the Watts Riots) begin in the Watts area of Los Angeles, California. 1969 – The Apollo 11 astronauts are released from a three-week quarantine following their liftoff from the Moon.[10] 1972 – Vietnam War: The last United States ground combat unit leaves South Vietnam. 1975 – East Timor: Governor Mário Lemos Pires of Portuguese Timor abandons the capital Dili, following a coup by the Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and Fretilin. 1979 – Two Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134s collide over the Ukrainian city of Dniprodzerzhynsk and crash, killing all 178 aboard both airliners. 1982 – A bomb explodes on Pan Am Flight 830, en route from Tokyo, Japan to Honolulu, Hawaii, killing one passenger and injuring 15 others. 1984 – "We begin bombing in five minutes": United States President Ronald Reagan, while running for re-election, jokes while preparing to make his weekly Saturday address on National Public Radio. 1988 – A meeting between Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif, Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, and leaders of Egyptian Islamic Jihad in Afghanistan culminates in the formation of Al-Qaeda.[11] 1991 – Nickelodeon's first line of “Nicktoons” (Doug, Rugrats & Ren & Stimpy) premiere on the channel. 1992 – The Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota opens. At the time the largest shopping mall in the United States.[12] 2000 – An air rage incident occurs on board Southwest Airlines Flight 1763 when 19-year-old Jonathan Burton attempts to storm the cockpit, but he is subdued by other passengers and dies from his injuries.[13] 2003 – NATO takes over command of the peacekeeping force in Afghanistan, marking its first major operation outside Europe in its 54-year-history. 2003 – Jemaah Islamiyah leader Riduan Isamuddin, better known as Hambali, is arrested in Bangkok, Thailand. 2006 – The oil tanker MT Solar 1 sinks off the coast of Guimaras and Negros Islands in the Philippines, causing the country's worst oil spill. 2012 – At least 306 people are killed and 3,000 others injured in a pair of earthquakes near Tabriz, Iran. 2017 – At least 41 people are killed and another 179 injured after two passenger trains collide in Alexandria, Egypt. 2023 – Luna 25 launches from the Vostochny Cosmodrome.[14] Births Pre-1600 1086 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1125)[15] 1384 – Yolande of Aragon (d. 1442) 1472 – Nikolaus von Schönberg, Catholic cardinal (d. 1537) 1510 – Margaret Paleologa, Sovereign Marchioness of Montferrat (d. 1566) 1601–1900 1673 – Richard Mead, English physician and astrologer (d. 1754) 1718 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-English general and politician, 22nd Governor of Quebec (d. 1791) 1722 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (d. 1797) 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer (d. 1812) 1778 – Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, Prussian gymnast, educator, and politician (d. 1852) 1794 – James B. Longacre, American engraver (d. 1869) 1807 – David Rice Atchison, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1886) 1808 – William W. Chapman, American lawyer and politician (d. 1892) 1816 – Frederick Innes, Scottish-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1882) 1833 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (d. 1899) 1833 – Kido Takayoshi, Japanese samurai and politician (d. 1877) 1836 – Warren Brown, American historian and politician (d. 1919) 1837 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French engineer and politician, 4th President of the French Republic (d. 1894) 1855 – John Hodges, Australian cricketer (d. 1933) 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930) 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and chess player (d. 1939) 1870 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912) 1874 – Princess Louise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1953) 1877 – Adolph M. Christianson, American lawyer and judge (d. 1954) 1878 – Oliver W. F. Lodge, English poet and author (d. 1955) 1881 – Aleksander Aberg, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920) 1884 – Hermann Wlach, Austrian-Swiss actor (d. 1962) 1885 – Stephen Butterworth, English physicist and engineer (d. 1958) 1891 – Stancho Belkovski, Bulgarian architect and educator (d. 1962) 1891 – Edgar Zilsel, Austrian historian and philosopher of science, linked to the Vienna Circle (d. 1944) 1892 – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet and linguist (d. 1978) 1892 – Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese author (d. 1962) 1897 – Enid Blyton, English author, poet, and educator (d. 1968)[16] 1897 – Louise Bogan, American poet and critic (d. 1970) 1898 – Peter Mohr Dam, Faroese educator and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1968) 1900 – Charley Paddock, American sprinter (d. 1943)[17] 1900 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist and scholar (d. 1994) 1901–present 1902 – Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (d. 1986) 1902 – Lloyd Nolan, American actor (d. 1985) 1902 – Christian de Castries, French general (d. 1991) 1905 – Erwin Chargaff, Austrian-American biochemist and academic (d. 2002) 1905 – Ernst Jaakson, Estonian diplomat (d. 1998) 1907 – Ted a'Beckett, Australian cricketer and lawyer (d. 1989) 1908 – Don Freeman, American author and illustrator (d. 1978) 1908 – Torgny T:son Segerstedt, Swedish sociologist and philosopher (d. 1999) 1909 – Yūji Koseki, Japanese composer (d. 1989) 1909 – Uku Masing, Estonian philosopher and theologian (d. 1985) 1911 – Thanom Kittikachorn, Thai field marshal and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2004) 1912 – Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer and academic (d. 1954) 1912 – Raphael Blau, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1996) 1913 – Paul Dupuis, Canadian actor (d. 1976) 1913 – Bob Scheffing, American baseball player and manager (d. 1985) 1913 – Angus Wilson, English author and academic (d. 1991) 1915 – Morris Weiss, American author and illustrator (d. 2014) 1916 – Johnny Claes, English-Belgian race car driver and trumpet player (d. 1956) 1919 – Luis Olmo, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and manager (d. 2017) 1920 – Mike Douglas, American singer and talk show host (d. 2006) 1920 – Chuck Rayner, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2002) 1921 – Alex Haley, American historian and author (d. 1992) 1922 – John "Mule" Miles, American baseball player (d. 2013) 1923 – Stan Chambers, American journalist and actor (d. 2015) 1925 – Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (d. 2006) 1925 – Arlene Dahl, American actress, businesswoman and writer (d. 2021)[18] 1926 – Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-English chemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)[19] 1927 – Raymond Leppard, English harpsichord player and conductor (d. 2019) 1927 – Stuart Rosenberg, American director and producer (d. 2007) 1932 – Fernando Arrabal, Spanish actor, director, and playwright 1932 – Izzy Asper, Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician, founded Canwest (d. 2003) 1932 – Geoffrey Cass, English businessman 1932 – Peter Eisenman, American architect, designed the City of Culture of Galicia 1932 – John Gorrie, English director and screenwriter 1933 – Jerry Falwell, American minister and television host (d. 2007) 1933 – Jerzy Grotowski, Polish director and producer (d. 1999) 1933 – Tamás Vásáry, Hungarian pianist and conductor 1934 – Bob Hepple, South African lawyer and academic (d. 2015) 1936 – Andre Dubus, American short story writer, essayist, and memoirist (d. 1999) 1936 – Bill Monbouquette, American baseball player and coach (d. 2015) 1936 – Jonathan Spence, English-American historian and academic (d. 2021) 1937 – Anna Massey, English actress (d. 2011) 1937 – Patrick Joseph McGovern, American businessman, founded International Data Group (d. 2014) 1939 – James Mancham, first President of Seychelles (d. 2017)[20] 1939 – Ronnie Dawson, American singer and guitarist (d. 2003) 1940 – Glenys Page, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2012) 1941 – John Ellison, American-Canadian musician and songwriter 1942 – Mike Hugg, English drummer and keyboard player 1942 – Otis Taylor, American football player (d. 2023)[21] 1943 – Jim Kale, Canadian bass player 1943 – Pervez Musharraf, Pakistani general and politician, 10th President of Pakistan (d. 2023)[22] 1943 – Denis Payton, English saxophonist (d. 2006) 1944 – Martin Linton, Swedish-English journalist and politician 1944 – Frederick W. Smith, American businessman, founded FedEx 1944 – Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor 1946 – John Conlee, American singer-songwriter 1946 – Marilyn vos Savant, American journalist and author 1947 – Theo de Jong, Dutch footballer, coach, and manager 1947 – Georgios Karatzaferis, Greek journalist and politician 1947 – Wilma van den Berg, Dutch sprinter[23] 1948 – Don Boyd, Scottish director, producer, and screenwriter 1949 – Eric Carmen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2024) 1949 – Tim Hutchinson, American lawyer and politician 1949 – Ian Charleson, Scottish-English actor and singer (d. 1990) 1950 – Erik Brann, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003) 1950 – Gennadiy Nikonov, Russian engineer, designed the AN-94 rifle (d. 2003) 1950 – Steve Wozniak, American computer scientist and programmer, co-founded Apple Inc.[24] 1952 – Reid Blackburn, American photographer (d. 1980) 1952 – Bob Mothersbaugh, American singer, guitarist, and producer 1953 – Hulk Hogan, American wrestler 1953 – Wijda Mazereeuw, Dutch swimmer 1954 – Bryan Bassett, American guitarist 1954 – Vance Heafner, American golfer and coach (d. 2012) 1954 – Joe Jackson, English singer-songwriter and musician 1954 – Tarmo Rüütli, Estonian footballer, coach, and manager 1954 – Yashpal Sharma, Indian cricketer and umpire (d. 2021) 1955 – Marc Bureau, Canadian politician, 16th Mayor of Gatineau 1955 – Sylvia Hermon, Northern Irish academic and politician 1956 – Pierre-Louis Lions, French mathematician and academic 1957 – Ian Stuart Donaldson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993) 1957 – Masayoshi Son, Japanese technology entrepreneur and investor 1958 – Steven Pokere, New Zealand rugby player 1958 – Jah Wobble, English singer-songwriter and bass player 1959 – Gustavo Cerati, Argentinian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2014) 1959 – Yoshiaki Murakami, Japanese businessman 1959 – Taraki Sivaram, Sri Lankan journalist and author (d. 2005) 1959 – Richard Scudamore, English businessman 1959 – László Szlávics, Jr., Hungarian sculptor 1961 – David Brooks, American journalist and author 1961 – Craig Ehlo, American basketball player and coach 1962 – Brian Azzarello, American author 1962 – Charles Cecil, English video game designer and co-founded Revolution Software 1962 – John Micklethwait, English journalist and author 1962 – Rob Minkoff, American director and producer 1963 – Hiromi Makihara, Japanese baseball player 1964 – Jim Lee, South Korean-American author and illustrator 1964 – Grant Waite, New Zealand golfer 1965 – Marc Bergevin, Canadian ice hockey player and manager 1965 – Embeth Davidtz, American actress 1965 – Viola Davis, American actress 1966 – Nigel Martyn, English footballer and coach 1966 – Juan María Solare, Argentinian pianist and composer 1967 – Massimiliano Allegri, Italian footballer and manager 1967 – Enrique Bunbury, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1967 – Joe Rogan, American actor, comedian, and television host 1967 – Petter Wettre, Norwegian saxophonist and composer 1968 – Anna Gunn, American actress[25] 1968 – Sophie Okonedo, British actress 1968 – Charlie Sexton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1970 – Dirk Hannemann, German footballer and manager 1970 – Gianluca Pessotto, Italian footballer 1971 – Alejandra Barros, Mexican actress and screenwriter 1971 – Tommy Mooney, English footballer 1973 – Kristin Armstrong, American cyclist 1974 – Marie-France Dubreuil, Canadian figure skater 1974 – Hadiqa Kiani, Pakistani singer, songwriter and philanthropist 1974 – Audrey Mestre, French biologist and diver (d. 2002) 1974 – Carolyn Murphy, American model and actress 1975 – Chris Cummings, Canadian singer-songwriter 1976 – Iván Córdoba, Colombian footballer and manager 1976 – Bubba Crosby, American baseball player 1976 – Will Friedle, American actor and screenwriter 1976 – Ben Gibbard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1976 – Ľubomír Višňovský, Slovak ice hockey player 1977 – Gemma Hayes, Irish singer-songwriter 1977 – Dênio Martins, Brazilian footballer 1978 – Spyros Gogolos, Greek footballer 1978 – Charlotte Leslie, British politician 1978 – Lillian Nakate, Ugandan politician 1978 – Isy Suttie, English comedian, musician, actress, and writer 1979 – Walter Ayoví, Ecuadorian footballer 1980 – Daniel Lloyd, English cyclist and sportscaster 1980 – Lee Suggs, American football player 1981 – Daniel Poohl, Swedish journalist 1982 – Andy Lee, American football player[26] 1983 – Chris Hemsworth, Australian actor 1983 – Luke Lewis, Australian rugby league player 1983 – Pavel 183, Russian painter (d. 2013) 1984 – Mojtaba Abedini, Iranian Olympic fencer[27] 1984 – Melky Cabrera, Dominican baseball player[28] 1984 – Lucas di Grassi, Brazilian race car driver 1985 – Jacqueline Fernandez, Bahraini–Sri Lankan actress 1985 – Asher Roth, American rapper[29] 1986 – Mokhtar Benmoussa, Algerian footballer 1986 – Hélène Defrance, French sailor[30] 1986 – Pablo Sandoval, Venezuelan baseball player 1987 – Dany N'Guessan, French footballer 1987 – Drew Storen, American baseball player 1988 – Rabeh Al-Hussaini, Filipino basketball player 1988 – Patty Mills, Australian basketball player 1988 – Mustafa Pektemek, Turkish footballer 1989 – Junior Heffernan, Irish cyclist and triathlete (d. 2013) 1989 – Sebastian Huke, German footballer 1990 – Lenka Juríková, Slovak tennis player 1991 – Cristian Tello, Spanish footballer 1992 – Tomi Lahren, American conservative political commentator[31] 1993 – Alyson Stoner, American actor, singer, and dancer[29] 1994 – Storm Sanders, Australian tennis player 1994 – Anton Cooper, New Zealand cross-country cyclist 1994 – Joseph Barbato, French footballer 1994 – Song I-han, South Korean singer[32] 1995 – Brad Binder, South African motorcycle racer[33] 1997 – Sarah Clelland, Scottish footballer[34] 1999 – Gregoria Mariska Tunjung, Indonesian badminton player[35] 2001 – Moyuka Uchijima, Japanese tennis player[36][37] 2002 – Marvin Harrison Jr., American football player[38] Deaths Pre-1600 223 – Jia Xu, Chinese politician and strategist (b. 147) 353 – Magnentius, Roman usurper (b. 303) 449 – Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople 632 – Rusticula, abbess of Arles[39] 919 – Dhuka al-Rumi, Abbasid governor of Egypt[40] 979 – Gero, Count of Alsleben 991 – Byrhtnoth, English soldier (b. 956) 1044 – Sokkate, king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (b. 1001) 1204 – Guttorm of Norway (b. 1199) 1253 – Clare of Assisi, Italian follower of Francis of Assisi (b. 1194) 1259 – Möngke Khan, Mongolian emperor (b. 1208) 1268 – Agnes of Faucigny, Dame ruler of Faucigny, Countess consort of Savoy 1332 – Domhnall II, Earl of Mar 1332 – Robert II Keith, Marischal of Scotland 1332 – Thomas Randolph, 2nd Earl of Moray 1332 – Murdoch III, Earl of Menteith 1332 – Robert Bruce, Lord of Liddesdale 1456 – John Hunyadi, Hungarian general and politician (b. 1387) 1464 – Nicholas of Cusa, German cardinal and mystic (b. 1401) 1465 – Kettil Karlsson, regent of Sweden and Bishop of Linköping (b. 1433) 1486 – William Waynflete, English Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (b. c. 1398) 1494 – Hans Memling, German-Belgian painter (b. 1430) 1519 – Johann Tetzel, German preacher (b. 1465) 1556 – John Bell, English bishop 1563 – Bartolomé de Escobedo, Spanish composer and educator (b. 1500) 1578 – Pedro Nunes, Portuguese mathematician and academic (b. 1502) 1596 – Hamnet Shakespeare, son of William Shakespeare (b. 1585) 1601–1900 1614 – Lavinia Fontana, Italian painter (b. 1552) 1656 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (b. 1599) 1725 – Prince Vittorio Amedeo Theodore of Savoy (b. 1723) 1774 – Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French physician and author (b. 1722) 1813 – Henry James Pye, English poet and politician (b. 1745) 1851 – Lorenz Oken, German botanist, biologist, and ornithologist (b. 1779) 1854 – Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1798) 1868 – Halfdan Kjerulf, Norwegian pianist and composer (b. 1815) 1886 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet and playwright (b. 1843) 1890 – John Henry Newman, English cardinal and theologian (b. 1801) 1892 – Enrico Betti, Italian mathematician and academic (b. 1813) 1901–present 1903 – Eugenio María de Hostos, Puerto Rican-American sociologist, philosopher, and lawyer (b. 1839) 1908 – Khudiram Bose, Indian Bengali revolutionary (b. 1889) 1919 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Carnegie Steel Company and Carnegie Hall (b. 1835)[41] 1921 – Mary Sumner, English philanthropist, founded the Mothers' Union (b. 1828) 1936 – Blas Infante, Spanish historian and politician (b. 1885) 1937 – Edith Wharton, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1862) 1939 – Jean Bugatti, German-Italian engineer (b. 1909) 1939 – Siegfried Flesch, Austrian fencer (b. 1872) 1945 – Stefan Jaracz, Polish actor and theater producer (b. 1883) 1953 – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian race car driver and motorcycle racer (b. 1892) 1956 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (b. 1912) 1961 – Antanas Škėma, Lithuanian-American author, playwright, actor, and director (b. 1910) 1963 – Otto Wahle, Austrian-American swimmer and coach (b. 1879) 1965 – Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer and educator (b. 1897) 1969 – Miriam Licette, English soprano and educator (b. 1885) 1972 – Max Theiler, South African-American virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899) 1974 – Vicente Emilio Sojo, Venezuelan conductor and composer (b. 1887) 1977 – Frederic Calland Williams, British co-inventor of the Williams-Kilborn tube, used for memory in early computer systems (b. 1911) 1978 – Berta Ruck, Indian-born Welsh romance novelist (b. 1878)[42] 1979 – J. G. Farrell, English author (b. 1935) 1980 – Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (b. 1910) 1982 – Tom Drake, American actor and singer (b. 1918) 1984 – Alfred A. Knopf Sr., American publisher, founded Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (b. 1892) 1984 – Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian–American chemist and chess player (b. 1916) 1986 – János Drapál, Hungarian motorcycle racer (b. 1948) 1988 – Anne Ramsey, American actress (b. 1929) 1989 – John Meillon, Australian actor (b. 1934) 1991 – J. D. McDuffie, American race car driver (b. 1938) 1994 – Peter Cushing, English actor (b. 1913) 1995 – Phil Harris, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1904) 1996 – Rafael Kubelík, Czech conductor and composer (b. 1914) 1996 – Ambrosio Padilla, Filipino basketball player and politician (b. 1910) 2000 – Jean Papineau-Couture, Canadian composer and academic (b. 1916) 2001 – Percy Stallard, English cyclist and coach (b. 1909) 2002 – Galen Rowell, American photographer and mountaineer (b. 1940) 2003 – Armand Borel, Swiss-American mathematician and academic (b. 1923) 2003 – Herb Brooks, American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1937) 2006 – Mike Douglas, American singer and talk show host (b. 1920) 2008 – George Furth, American actor and playwright (b. 1932) 2008 – Dursun Karataş, founding leader of the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party–Front (DHKP-C) in Turkey (b. 1952) 2009 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist, founded the Special Olympics (b. 1921) 2010 – James Mourilyan Tanner, British paediatric endocrinologist (b. 1920)[43] 2012 – Red Bastien, American wrestler, trainer, and promoter (b. 1931) 2012 – Michael Dokes, American boxer (b. 1958) 2012 – Lucy Gallardo, Argentinian-Mexican actress and screenwriter (b. 1929) 2013 – Raymond Delisle, French cyclist (b. 1943) 2013 – Zafar Futehally, Indian ornithologist and author (b. 1919) 2013 – David Howard, English ballet dancer and educator (b. 1937) 2014 – Vladimir Beara, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1928) 2014 – Raymond Gravel, Canadian priest and politician (b. 1952) 2014 – Kika Szaszkiewiczowa, Polish author and blogger (b. 1917) 2014 – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (b. 1951) 2015 – Serge Collot, French viola player and educator (b. 1923) 2015 – Harald Nielsen, Danish footballer and manager (b. 1941) 2015 – Richard Oriani, Salvadoran-American metallurgist and engineer (b. 1920) 2017 – Yisrael Kristal, Polish-Israeli supercentenarian; oldest living Holocaust survivor and one of the ten oldest men ever (b. 1903) 2017 – Segun Bucknor, Nigerian musician and journalist (b. 1946) 2018 – V S Naipaul, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1932)[44] 2019 – Sergio Obeso Rivera, Mexican Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1931)[45] 2020 – Trini Lopez, American singer and guitarist (b. 1937)[46] 2020 – Sumner Redstone, American billionaire businessman (b. 1923)[47] 2022 – Anne Heche, American actress (b. 1969)[48] 2022 – Hanae Mori, Japanese fashion designer (b. 1926)[49] 2023 – Mike Ahern, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of Queensland (b. 1942)[50] Holidays and observances Christian Feast Day: Athracht Clare of Assisi Gaugericus John Henry Newman (Church of England) Philomena Susanna Taurinus of Évreux Tiburtius and Chromatius August 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Flag Day (Pakistan) Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Chad from France in 1960. Mountain Day (Japan)

August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 143 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I. 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West. 991 – Battle of Maldon: The English, led by Byrhtnoth, Ealdorman of Essex, are defeated by a band of inland-raiding Vikings near Maldon, Essex. 1030 – The Battle of Azaz ends with a humiliating retreat of the Byzantine emperor, Romanos III Argyros, against the Mirdasid rulers of Aleppo. The retreat degenerates into a rout, in which Romanos himself barely escapes capture.[1][2] 1270 – Yekuno Amlak takes the imperial throne of Ethiopia, restoring the Solomonic dynasty to power after a 100-year Zagwe interregnum. 1316 – The Second Battle of Athenry takes place near Athenry during the Bruce campaign in Ireland. 1346 – Jaume Ferrer sets out from Majorca for the "River of Gold", the Senegal River.[3] 1512 – The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu, during the War of the League of Cambrai, sees the simultaneous destruction of the Breton ship La Cordelière and the English ship The Regent. 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan's five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe. The Basque second-in-command Juan Sebastián Elcano will complete the expedition after Magellan's death in the Philippines. 1557 – Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Italian War of 1551–59. 1585 – The Treaty of Nonsuch signed by Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch Rebels. 1601–1900 1628 – The Swedish warship Vasa sinks on her maiden voyage off Stockholm.[4] 1641 – The Treaty of London between England and Scotland, ending the Bishops' Wars, is signed.[5] 1680 – The Pueblo Revolt begins in New Mexico. 1741 – King Marthanda Varma of Travancore defeats the Dutch East India Company at the Battle of Colachel, effectively bringing about the end of the Dutch colonial rule in India. 1755 – Under the direction of Charles Lawrence, the British begin to forcibly deport the Acadians from Nova Scotia to the Thirteen Colonies and France. 1792 – French Revolution: Storming of the Tuileries Palace: Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody as his Swiss Guards are massacred by the Parisian mob. 1808 – Finnish War: Swedish forces led by General von Döbeln defeat Russian forces led by General Šepelev in the Battle of Kauhajoki.[6] 1835 – P. T. Barnum begins his career as a showman and circus entrepreneur by exhibiting Joice Heth, an octogenerian African slave whom he claims was George Washington's nursemaid.[7] 1856 – The Last Island hurricane strikes Louisiana, resulting in over 200 deaths. 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Wilson's Creek: A mixed force of Confederate, Missouri State Guard, and Arkansas State troops defeat outnumbered attacking Union forces in the southwestern part of the state. 1864 – After Uruguay's governing Blanco Party refuses Brazil's demands, José Antônio Saraiva announces that the Brazilian military will begin reprisals, beginning the Uruguayan War. 1901–present 1901 – The U.S. Steel recognition strike by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers begins. 1904 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of the Yellow Sea between the Russian and Japanese battleship fleets takes place. 1905 – Russo-Japanese War: Peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. 1913 – Second Balkan War: Delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war. 1920 – World War I: Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI's representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres that divides up the Ottoman Empire between the Allies. 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The Regional Defence Council of Aragon is dissolved by the Second Spanish Republic.[8] 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Guam comes to an effective end. 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Narva ends with a defensive German victory. 1945 – The Japanese government announced that a message had been sent to the Allies accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration provided that it "does not comprise any demand that prejudices the prerogatives of the Emperor as sovereign ruler."[9] 1948 – Candid Camera makes its television debut after being on radio for a year as The Candid Microphone. 1949 – An amendment to the National Security Act of 1947 enhances the authority of the United States Secretary of Defense over the Army, Navy and Air Force, and replaces the National Military Establishment with the Department of Defense. 1953 – First Indochina War: The French Union withdraws its forces from Operation Camargue against the Viet Minh in central Vietnam. 1954 – At Massena, New York, the groundbreaking ceremony for the Saint Lawrence Seaway is held. 1961 – Vietnam War: The U.S. Army begins Operation Ranch Hand, spraying an estimated 20 million US gallons (76,000 m3) of defoliants and herbicides over rural areas of South Vietnam in an attempt to deprive the Viet Cong of food and vegetation cover.[10] 1966 – The Heron Road Bridge collapses while being built, killing nine workers in the deadliest construction accident in both Ottawa and Ontario. 1969 – A day after murdering Sharon Tate and four others, members of Charles Manson's cult kill Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. 1971 – The Society for American Baseball Research is founded in Cooperstown, New York. 1977 – In Yonkers, New York, 24-year-old postal employee David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") is arrested for a series of killings in the New York City area over the period of one year. 1978 – Three members of the Ulrich family are killed in an accident. This leads to the Ford Pinto litigation. 1981 – Murder of Adam Walsh: The head of John Walsh's son is found. This inspires the creation of the television series America's Most Wanted and the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. 1988 – Japanese American internment: U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, providing $20,000 payments to Japanese Americans who were either interned in or relocated by the United States during World War II. 1990 – The Magellan space probe reaches Venus. 1993 – Two earthquakes affect New Zealand. A 7.0 Mw  shock (intensity VI (Strong)) in the South Island was followed nine hours later by a 6.4 Mw  event (intensity VII (Very strong)) in the North Island. 1995 – Oklahoma City bombing: Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols are indicted for the bombing. Michael Fortier pleads guilty in a plea-bargain for his testimony. 1997 – Sixteen people are killed when Formosa Airlines Flight 7601 crashes near Beigan Airport in the Matsu Islands of Taiwan.[11] 1998 – HRH Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah is proclaimed the crown prince of Brunei with a Royal Proclamation. 1999 – Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting.[12][13][14][15] 2001 – The 2001 Angola train attack occurred, causing 252 deaths. 2001 – Space Shuttle program: The Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-105 to the International Space Station, carrying the astronauts of Expedition 3 to replace the crew of Expedition 2.[16] 2003 – The Okinawa Urban Monorail is opened in Naha, Okinawa. 2009 – Twenty people are killed in Handlová, Trenčín Region, in the deadliest mining disaster in Slovakia's history. 2012 – The Marikana massacre begins near Rustenburg, South Africa, resulting in the deaths of 47 people. 2014 – Forty people are killed when Sepahan Airlines Flight 5915 crashes at Tehran's Mehrabad International Airport. 2018 – Horizon Air employee Richard Russell hijacks and performs an unauthorized takeoff on a Horizon Air Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 plane at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in Washington, flying it for more than an hour before crashing the plane and killing himself on Ketron Island in Puget Sound.[17] 2018 – An anti-government rally turns into a riot when members of the Romanian Gendarmerie attack the 100,000 people protesting in front of the Victoria Palace, leading to 452 recorded injuries. The authorities alleged that the crowd was infiltrated by hooligans who began attacking law enforcement agents.[18] 2019 – Thirty-two are killed and one million are evacuated as Typhoon Lekima makes landfall in Zhejiang, China. Earlier it had caused flooding in the Philippines.[19] 2019 – Philip Manshaus shoots his stepsister and attacks a mosque in the Bærum mosque shooting.[20] 2020 – Derecho in Iowa becomes the most costly thunderstorm disaster in U.S. history.[21] Births Pre-1600 941 – Lê Hoàn, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1005) 1267 – James II of Aragon (d. 1327) 1296 – John of Bohemia (d. 1346)[22] 1360 – Francesco Zabarella, Italian cardinal (d. 1417) 1397 – Albert II of Germany (d. 1439) 1439 – Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, Duchess of York (d. 1476) 1449 – Bona of Savoy, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1503) 1466 – Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (d. 1519) 1489 – Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German lawyer and politician (d. 1553) 1520 – Madeleine of Valois (d. 1537)[23] 1528 – Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1584) 1547 – Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1619) 1560 – Hieronymus Praetorius, German organist and composer (d. 1629)[24] 1601–1900 1602 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician and academic (d. 1675) 1645 – Eusebio Kino, Italian priest and missionary (d. 1711) 1734 – Naungdawgyi, Burmese king (d. 1763)[25] 1737 – Anton Losenko, Russian painter and academic (d. 1773) 1740 – Samuel Arnold, English organist and composer (d. 1802) 1744 – Alexandrine Le Normant d'Étiolles, daughter of Madame de Pompadour (d. 1754) 1755 – Narayan Rao, fifth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire (d. 1773) 1782 – Vicente Guerrero, Mexican insurgent leader and President of Mexico (d. 1831) 1805 – Ferenc Toldy, German-Hungarian historian and critic (d. 1875) 1809 – John Kirk Townsend, American ornithologist and explorer (d. 1851) 1810 – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Italian soldier and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1861)[26] 1814 – Henri Nestlé, German businessman, founded Nestlé (d. 1890) 1814 – John C. Pemberton, United States soldier and Confederate general (d. 1881) 1821 – Jay Cooke, American financier, founded Jay Cooke & Company (d. 1905) 1823 – Hugh Stowell Brown, English minister and reformer (d. 1886) 1825 – István Türr, Hungarian soldier, architect, and engineer, co-designed the Corinth Canal (d. 1908) 1827 – Lovro Toman, Slovenian lawyer and politician (d. 1870) 1839 – Aleksandr Stoletov, Russian physicist and academic (d. 1896) 1845 – Abai Qunanbaiuli, Kazakh poet, composer, and philosopher (d. 1904) 1848 – William Harnett, Irish-American painter and educator (d. 1892) 1856 – William Willett, English inventor, founded British Summer Time (d. 1915) 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and musicologist (d. 1936) 1865 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer, conductor, and educator (d. 1936) 1868 – Hugo Eckener, German pilot and businessman (d. 1954) 1869 – Laurence Binyon, English poet, playwright, and scholar (d. 1943) 1870 – Trần Tế Xương, Vietnamese poet and satirist (d. 1907) 1872 – William Manuel Johnson, American bassist (d. 1972) 1874 – Herbert Hoover, American engineer and politician, 31st President of the United States (d. 1964) 1874 – Antanas Smetona, Lithuanian jurist and politician, President of Lithuania (d. 1944)[27] 1877 – Frank Marshall, American chess player and author (d. 1944) 1878 – Alfred Döblin, Polish-German physician and author (d. 1957) 1880 – Robert L. Thornton, American businessman and politician, Mayor of Dallas (d. 1964) 1884 – Panait Istrati, Romanian journalist and author (d. 1935) 1888 – Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark (d. 1940) 1889 – Charles Darrow, American game designer, created Monopoly (d. 1967) 1889 – Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, Polish writer and member of the WW II Polish Resistance (d. 1968)[28] 1890 – Angus Lewis Macdonald, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 1954) 1894 – V. V. Giri, Indian lawyer and politician, 4th President of India (d. 1980) 1895 – Hammy Love, Australian cricketer (d. 1969) 1897 – John W. Galbreath, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Darby Dan Farm (d. 1988) 1897 – Jack Haley, American actor and singer (d. 1979) 1900 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 1994) 1901–present 1902 – Norma Shearer, Canadian-American actress (d. 1983) 1902 – Curt Siodmak, German-English author and screenwriter (d. 2000) 1902 – Arne Tiselius, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) 1903 – Ward Moore, American author (d. 1978) 1905 – Era Bell Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 1986) 1907 – Su Yu, Chinese general and politician (d. 1984) 1908 – Rica Erickson, Australian botanist, historian, and author (d. 2009) 1908 – Billy Gonsalves, American soccer player (d. 1977) 1909 – Leo Fender, American businessman, founded Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (d. 1991) 1909 – Richard J. Hughes, American politician, 45th Governor of New Jersey, and Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court (d. 1992) 1910 – Guy Mairesse, French racing driver (d. 1954) 1911 – Leonidas Andrianopoulos, Greek footballer (d. 2011) 1911 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian and author (d. 1993) 1912 – Jorge Amado, Brazilian novelist and poet (d. 2001) 1913 – Noah Beery Jr., American actor (d. 1994) 1913 – Kalevi Kotkas, Estonian-Finnish high jumper and discus thrower (d. 1983) 1913 – Wolfgang Paul, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993) 1914 – Jeff Corey, American actor and director (d. 2002) 1914 – Carlos Menditeguy, Argentinian racing driver and polo player (d. 1973) 1914 – Ray Smith, English cricketer (d. 1996) 1918 – Eugene P. Wilkinson, American admiral (d. 2013) 1920 – Red Holzman, American basketball player and coach (d. 1998)[29] 1922 – Al Alberts, American pop singer and composer (d. 2009) 1923 – Bill Doolittle, American football player and coach (d. 2014) 1923 – Rhonda Fleming, American actress (d. 2020) 1923 – Fred Ridgway, English cricketer and footballer (d. 2015) 1923 – SM Sultan, Bangladeshi painter and illustrator (d. 1994) 1924 – Nancy Buckingham, English author (d. 2022) 1924 – Martha Hyer, American actress (d. 2014)[30] 1924 – Jean-François Lyotard, French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist (d. 1998)[31] 1925 – George Cooper, English general (d. 2020) 1926 – Marie-Claire Alain, French organist and educator (d. 2013)[32] 1926 – Carol Ruth Vander Velde, American mathematician (d. 1972)[33] 1927 – Jimmy Martin, American singer and guitarist (d. 2005) 1927 – Vernon Washington, American actor (d. 1988) 1928 – Jimmy Dean, American singer, actor, and businessman, founded the Jimmy Dean Food Company (d. 2010) 1928 – Eddie Fisher, American singer and actor (d. 2010) 1928 – Gerino Gerini, Italian racing driver (d. 2013) 1928 – Gus Mercurio, American-Australian actor (d. 2010) 1930 – Barry Unsworth, English-Italian author and academic (d. 2012) 1931 – Dolores Alexander, American journalist and activist (d. 2008)[34] 1931 – Tom Laughlin, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1932 – Alexander Goehr, English composer and academic 1932 – Gaudencio Rosales, Filipino cardinal 1933 – Doyle Brunson, American poker player (d. 2023)[35] 1933 – Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, Baroness Butler-Sloss, English lawyer and judge[36] 1933 – Rocky Colavito, American baseball player and sportscaster 1933 – Keith Duckworth, English engineer, founded Cosworth (d. 2005) 1934 – Tevfik Kış, Turkish wrestler and trainer (d. 2019) 1935 – Ian Stewart, Baron Stewartby, English politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces (d. 2018) 1935 – Ad van Luyn, Dutch bishop 1936 – Malene Schwartz, Danish actress 1937 – Anatoly Sobchak, Russian scholar and politician, Mayor of Saint Petersburg (d. 2000) 1938 – Tony Ross, English author and illustrator 1939 – Kate O'Mara, English actress (d. 2014)[37] 1939 – Charlie Rose, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012) 1940 – Bobby Hatfield, American singer-songwriter (d. 2003) 1940 – Sid Waddell, English sportscaster (d. 2012) 1941 – Anita Lonsbrough, English swimmer and journalist 1941 – Susan Dorothea White, Australian painter and sculptor 1942 – Speedy Duncan, American football player (d. 2021)[38] 1942 – Betsey Johnson, American fashion designer 1942 – Michael Pepper, English physicist and engineer 1943 – Louise Forestier, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress 1943 – Jimmy Griffin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2005) 1943 – Michael Mantler, American trumpet player and composer 1943 – Shafqat Rana, Indian-Pakistani cricketer 1943 – Ronnie Spector, American singer-songwriter (d. 2022) 1947 – Ian Anderson, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1947 – Anwar Ibrahim, Malaysian academic and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia[39] 1947 – John Spencer, English rugby player and manager 1947 – Alan Ward, English cricketer 1948 – Nick Stringer, English actor 1950 – Patti Austin, American singer-songwriter 1951 – Juan Manuel Santos, Colombian businessman and politician, 59th President of Colombia 1952 – Daniel Hugh Kelly, American actor 1952 – Diane Venora, American actress 1954 – Peter Endrulat, German footballer 1954 – Rick Overton, American screenwriter, actor and comedian 1955 – Thomas Kidd, American illustrator[40] 1955 – Jim Mees, American set designer (d. 2013) 1955 – Mel Tiangco, Filipino journalist and talk show host 1956 – Dianne Fromholtz, Australian tennis player 1956 – José Luis Montes, Spanish footballer and manager (d. 2013) 1956 – Fred Ottman, American wrestler 1956 – Charlie Peacock, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer 1956 – Perween Warsi, Indian-English businesswoman 1957 – Fred Ho, American saxophonist, composer, and playwright (d. 2014) 1957 – Andres Põime, Estonian architect 1957 – Aqeel Abbas Jafari, Pakistani writer, poet, architect and chief editor Urdu Dictionary Board 1958 – Michael Dokes, American boxer (d. 2012) 1958 – Jack Richards, English cricketer, coach, and manager 1958 – Rosie Winterton, English nurse and politician, Shadow Leader of the House of Commons 1959 – Rosanna Arquette, American actress, director, and producer 1959 – Albert Owen, Welsh sailor and politician 1959 – Mark Price, English drummer 1959 – Florent Vollant, Canadian singer-songwriter 1960 – Antonio Banderas, Spanish actor and producer[41] 1960 – Annely Ojastu, Estonian sprinter and long jumper 1960 – Kenny Perry, American golfer 1961 – Jon Farriss, Australian drummer, songwriter, and producer 1962 – Suzanne Collins, American author and screenwriter 1962 – Julia Fordham, English singer-songwriter 1963 – Phoolan Devi, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 2001) 1963 – Anton Janssen, Dutch footballer and coach 1963 – Andrew Sullivan, English-American journalist and author 1963 – Henrik Fisker, Danish automotive designer and businessman[42] 1964 – Aaron Hall, American singer-songwriter 1964 – Kåre Kolve, Norwegian saxophonist and composer 1964 – Hiro Takahashi, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2005) 1965 – Claudia Christian, American actress, singer, writer, and director 1965 – Pat Pitney, American university leader and sport shooter[43] 1965 – Mike E. Smith, American jockey and sportscaster 1965 – John Starks, American basketball player and coach 1966 – Charlie Dimmock, English gardener and television host 1966 – Hansi Kürsch, German singer-songwriter and bass player 1966 – Hossam Hassan, Egyptian footballer and manager[44] 1967 – Philippe Albert, Belgian footballer and sportscaster 1967 – Riddick Bowe, American boxer 1967 – Todd Nichols, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1967 – Reinout Scholte, Dutch cricketer 1968 – Michael Bivins, American singer and producer 1968 – Greg Hawgood, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1969 – Emily Symons, Australian actress 1969 – Brian Drummond, Canadian voice actor 1970 – Doug Flach, American tennis player 1970 – Bret Hedican, American ice hockey player and sportscaster 1970 – Brendon Julian, New Zealand-Australian cricketer and journalist 1970 – Steve Mautone, Australian footballer and coach 1971 – Sal Fasano, American baseball player and coach 1971 – Stephan Groth, Danish singer-songwriter 1971 – Roy Keane, Irish footballer and manager 1971 – Mario Kindelán, Cuban boxer 1971 – Paul Newlove, English rugby player 1971 – Kevin Randleman, American mixed martial artist and wrestler (d. 2016)[45] 1971 – Justin Theroux, American actor 1972 – Dilana, South African singer-songwriter and actress 1972 – Lawrence Dallaglio, English rugby player and sportscaster 1972 – Angie Harmon, American model and actress 1972 – Christofer Johnsson, Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1973 – Lisa Raymond, American tennis player 1973 – Javier Zanetti, Argentinian footballer 1974 – Haifaa al-Mansour, Saudi Arabian director and producer 1974 – Luis Marín, Costa Rican footballer and manager 1974 – Rachel Simmons, American scholar and author 1974 – David Sommeil, French footballer 1975 – İlhan Mansız, Turkish footballer and figure skater 1976 – Roadkill, American wrestler 1976 – Ian Murray, Scottish businessman and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland 1977 – Danny Griffin, Irish footballer 1977 – Matt Morgan, English comedian, actor, and radio host 1978 – Danny Allsopp, Australian footballer 1978 – Marcus Fizer, American basketball player 1978 – Chris Read, English cricketer 1979 – Dinusha Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer 1979 – JoAnna Garcia Swisher, American actress[46] 1979 – Ted Geoghegan, American author, screenwriter, and producer 1979 – Brandon Lyon, American baseball player 1979 – Rémy Martin, French rugby player 1979 – Matjaž Perc, Slovene physicist 1979 – Yannick Schroeder, French racing driver 1980 – Wade Barrett, English boxer, wrestler, and actor 1980 – Aaron Staton, American actor[46] 1981 – Taufik Hidayat, Indonesian badminton player 1982 – John Alvbåge, Swedish footballer 1982 – Josh Anderson, American baseball player 1982 – Julia Melim, Brazilian actress 1982 – Shaun Murphy, English snooker player[47] 1983 – Kyle Brown, American soccer player 1983 – C. B. Dollaway, American mixed martial artist 1983 – Héctor Faubel, Spanish motorcycle racer 1983 – Alexander Perezhogin, Russian ice hockey player 1983 – Mathieu Roy, Canadian ice hockey player 1984 – Ryan Eggold, American actor and composer 1984 – Mokomichi Hayami, Japanese model and actor 1984 – Jigar Naik, English cricketer 1984 – Matt Prater, American football player[48] 1985 – Enrico Cortese, Italian footballer 1985 – Roy O'Donovan, Irish footballer 1985 – Kakuryū Rikisaburō, Mongolian sumo wrestler 1985 – Julia Skripnik, Estonian tennis player 1986 – Andrea Hlaváčková, Czech tennis player 1987 – Jim Bakkum, Dutch singer and actor 1987 – Ari Boyland, New Zealand actor and singer 1989 – Sam Gagner, Canadian ice hockey player 1989 – Ben Sahar, Israeli footballer 1989 – Brenton Thwaites, Australian actor 1990 – Cruze Ah-Nau, Australian rugby player 1990 – Lee Sung-kyung, South Korean model, actress, and singer[49] 1990 – Lucas Till, American actor[46] 1991 – Dagný Brynjarsdóttir, Icelandic footballer 1991 – Marcus Foligno, American-Canadian ice hockey player 1991 – Nikos Korovesis, Greek footballer 1991 – Chris Tremain, Australian cricketer 1992 – Archie Bradley, American baseball player[50] 1992 – Michelle Khare, American YouTuber and television host[51] 1992 – Oliver Rowland, English racing driver[52] 1993 – Andre Drummond, American basketball player 1994 – Bernardo Silva, Portuguese footballer 1995 – Dalvin Cook, American football player[53] 1996 – Lauren Tait, Scottish netball player[54] 1997 – Kylie Jenner, American television personality and businesswoman[46] 1997 – Luca Marini, Italian motorcycle rider[55] 1999 – Ja Morant, American basketball player[56] 1999 – Ritomo Miyata, Japanese racing driver[57] 1999 – Nick Suzuki, Canadian ice hockey player[58] 2000 – Sophia Smith, American soccer player[59] 2000 – Jüri Vips, Estonian racing driver[60] Deaths Pre-1600 258 – Lawrence of Rome, Spanish-Italian deacon and saint (b. 225) 794 – Fastrada, Frankish noblewoman (b. 765) 796 – Eanbald, archbishop of York 847 – Al-Wathiq, Abbasid caliph (b. 816) 955 – Bulcsú, Hungarian tribal chieftain (horka) 955 – Conrad ('the Red'), duke of Lorraine 1241 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. 1184) 1250 – Eric IV of Denmark (b. 1216) 1284 – Tekuder, Khan of the Mongol Ilkhanate 1316 – Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht 1322 – John of La Verna, Italian ascetic (b. 1259) 1410 – Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1337) 1535 – Ippolito de' Medici, Italian cardinal (b. 1509) 1536 – Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Dauphin of France, Brother of Henry II (b. 1518) 1601–1900 1653 – Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1598) 1655 – Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar, Spanish cardinal and diplomat (b. 1572) 1660 – Esmé Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond (b. 1649) 1723 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and politician, French Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (b. 1656) 1759 – Ferdinand VI of Spain (b. 1713) 1784 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish-English painter (b. 1713) 1796 – Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman and government official (b. 1759) 1802 – Franz Aepinus, German-Russian philosopher and academic (b. 1724) 1806 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer and educator (b. 1737) 1839 – Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet, English lawyer and politician (b. 1758) 1862 – Hon'inbō Shūsaku, Japanese Go player (b. 1829) 1875 – Karl Andree, German geographer and journalist (b. 1808) 1889 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (b. 1831) 1890 – John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (b. 1844) 1896 – Otto Lilienthal, German pilot and engineer (b. 1848) 1901–present 1904 – Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, French lawyer and politician, 68th Prime Minister of France (b. 1846) 1913 – Johannes Linnankoski, Finnish author (b. 1869)[61] 1915 – Henry Moseley, English physicist and engineer (b. 1887) 1916 – John J. Loud, American inventor (b. 1844) 1918 – Erich Löwenhardt, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897) 1920 – Ádám Politzer, Hungarian-Austrian physician and academic (b. 1835) 1922 – Reginald Dunne, Irish Republican, executed for the killing of Sir Henry Wilson[62] 1922 – Joseph O'Sullivan, Irish Republican, executed for the killing of Sir Henry Wilson[63] 1929 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1878) 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician (b. 1854)[64] 1932 – Rin Tin Tin, American acting dog (b. 1918) 1933 – Alf Morgans, Welsh-Australian politician, 4th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1850) 1945 – Robert H. Goddard, American physicist and engineer (b. 1882) 1948 – Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese-American historian, author, and academic (b. 1873) 1948 – Andrew Brown, Scottish footballer and coach (b. 1870) 1948 – Montague Summers, English clergyman and author (b. 1880) 1949 – Homer Burton Adkins, American chemist (b. 1892) 1954 – Robert Adair, American-born British actor (b. 1900) 1958 – Frank Demaree, American baseball player and manager (b. 1910) 1960 – Hamide Ayşe Sultan, Ottoman princess (b. 1887) 1961 – Julia Peterkin, American author (b. 1880) 1963 – Estes Kefauver, American lawyer and politician (b. 1903) 1963 – Ernst Wetter, Swiss lawyer and jurist (b. 1877) 1969 – János Kodolányi, Hungarian author (b. 1899) 1976 – Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer (b. 1894) 1979 – Dick Foran, American actor and singer (b. 1910) 1979 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist and academic (b. 1889) 1980 – Yahya Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 3rd President of Pakistan (b. 1917) 1982 – Anderson Bigode Herzer, Brazilian author and poet (b. 1962) 1985 – Nate Barragar, American football player and sergeant (b. 1906) 1987 – Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas, Greek lawyer and politician, 163rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1893) 1991 – Lưu Trọng Lư, Vietnamese poet and playwright (b. 1912) 1993 – Euronymous, Norwegian singer, guitarist, and producer (b. 1968) 1997 – Jean-Claude Lauzon, Canadian director and screenwriter (b. 1953) 1997 – Conlon Nancarrow, American-Mexican pianist and composer (b. 1912) 1999 – Jennifer Paterson, English chef and television presenter (b. 1928) 1999 – Baldev Upadhyaya, Indian historian, scholar, and critic (b. 1899) 2000 – Gilbert Parkhouse, Welsh cricketer and rugby player (b. 1925) 2001 – Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (b. 1917) 2002 – Michael Houser, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1962) 2002 – Kristen Nygaard, Norwegian computer scientist and politician (b. 1926) 2007 – Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1925) 2007 – James E. Faust, American lawyer and religious leader (b. 1920) 2007 – Jean Rédélé, French race car driver and pilot, founded Alpine (b. 1922) 2007 – Tony Wilson, English journalist, producer, and manager, co-founded Factory Records (b. 1950) 2008 – Isaac Hayes, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor (b. 1942) 2010 – Markus Liebherr, German-Swiss businessman (b. 1948) 2010 – Adam Stansfield, English footballer (b. 1978) 2010 – David L. Wolper, American director and producer (b. 1928) 2011 – Billy Grammer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1925) 2012 – Philippe Bugalski, French race car driver (b. 1963) 2012 – Ioan Dicezare, Romanian general and pilot (b. 1916) 2012 – Irving Fein, American producer and manager (b. 1911) 2012 – William W. Momyer, American general and pilot (b. 1916) 2012 – Carlo Rambaldi, Italian special effects artist (b. 1925) 2013 – William P. Clark Jr., American judge and politician, 12th United States National Security Advisor (b. 1931) 2013 – Jonathan Dawson, Australian historian and academic (b. 1941) 2013 – Eydie Gormé, American singer and actress (b. 1928) 2013 – David C. Jones, American general (b. 1921) 2013 – Jody Payne, American singer and guitarist (b. 1936) 2013 – Amy Wallace, American author (b. 1955) 2014 – Jim Command, American baseball player and scout (b. 1928) 2014 – Dotty Lynch, American journalist and academic (b. 1945) 2014 – Kathleen Ollerenshaw, English mathematician, astronomer, and politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (b. 1912) 2014 – Bob Wiesler, American baseball player (b. 1930) 2015 – Buddy Baker, American race car driver and sportscaster (b. 1941) 2015 – Endre Czeizel, Hungarian physician, geneticist, and academic (b. 1935) 2015 – Knut Osnes, Norwegian footballer and coach (b. 1922) 2015 – Eriek Verpale, Belgian author and poet (b. 1952) 2017 – Ruth Pfau, German-Pakistani doctor and nun (b. 1929) 2019 – Jeffrey Epstein, American financier (b. 1953)[65] 2021 – Tony Esposito, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1943)[66] 2022 – Vesa-Matti Loiri, Finnish actor, musician and comedian (b. 1945)[67] Holidays and observances Argentine Air Force Day (Argentina) Christian feast day: Bessus Blane (Roman Catholic Church) Geraint of Dumnonia Lawrence of Rome Nicola Saggio Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso de Parañaque, Patroness of Parañaque, Philippines August 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Declaration of Independence of Quito, proclaimed independence from Spain on August 10, 1809. Independence was finally attained on May 24, 1822, at the Battle of Pichincha. (Ecuador) International Biodiesel Day National Veterans Day (Indonesia) World Lion Day[68]

August 9 is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 144 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.[1] 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths. Valens is killed along with over half of his army.[2] 1173 – Construction of the campanile of the Cathedral of Pisa (now known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa) begins; it will take two centuries to complete. 1329 – Quilon, the first Indian Christian Diocese, is erected by Pope John XXII; the French-born Jordanus is appointed the first Bishop. 1428 – Sources cite biggest caravan trade between Podvisoki and Republic of Ragusa. Vlachs committed to Ragusan lord Tomo Bunić, that they will with 600 horses deliver 1,500 modius of salt. Delivery was meant for Dobrašin Veseoković, and Vlachs price was half of delivered salt.[3] 1500 – Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503): The Ottomans capture Methoni, Messenia. 1601–1900 1610 – The First Anglo-Powhatan War begins in colonial Virginia. 1810 – Napoleon annexes Westphalia as part of the First French Empire. 1814 – American Indian Wars: The Creek sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson, giving up huge parts of Alabama and Georgia. 1830 – Louis Philippe becomes the king of the French following abdication of Charles X. 1842 – The Webster–Ashburton Treaty is signed, establishing the United States–Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains. 1854 – American Transcendentalist philosopher Henry David Thoreau publishes his memoir Walden.[4] 1855 – Åland War: The Battle of Suomenlinna begins.[5] 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Mountain: At Cedar Mountain, Virginia, Confederate General Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats Union forces under General John Pope. 1877 – American Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole: A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army. 1892 – Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph. 1897 – The first International Congress of Mathematicians is held in Zürich, Switzerland.[6] 1901–present 1902 – Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[7] 1907 – The first Boy Scout encampment concludes at Brownsea Island in southern England. 1925 – A train robbery takes place in Kakori, near Lucknow, India, by the Indian independence revolutionaries, against British government. 1936 – Summer Olympics: Jesse Owens wins his fourth gold medal at the games. 1942 – World War II: Battle of Savo Island: Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force. 1942 – Dmitri Shostakovich's 7th symphony is premiered in a besieged Leningrad.[8] 1944 – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey Bear for the first time. 1944 – World War II: Continuation War: The Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive, the largest offensive launched by Soviet Union against Finland during the Second World War, ends to a strategic stalemate. Both Finnish and Soviet troops at the Finnish front dug to defensive positions, and the front remains stable until the end of the war. 1945 – World War II: Nagasaki is devastated when an atomic bomb, Fat Man, is dropped by the United States B-29 Bockscar. Thirty-five thousand people are killed outright, including 23,200–28,200 Japanese war workers, 2,000 Korean forced workers, and 150 Japanese soldiers. 1945 – The Red Army invades Japanese-occupied Manchuria. 1960 – South Kasai secedes from the Congo. 1965 – Singapore is expelled from Malaysia and becomes the only country to date to gain independence unwillingly. 1969 – Tate–LaBianca murders: Followers of Charles Manson murder pregnant actress Sharon Tate (wife of Roman Polanski), coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, men's hairstylist Jay Sebring and recent high-school graduate Steven Parent. 1970 – LANSA Flight 502 crashes after takeoff from Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport in Cusco, Peru, killing 99 of the 100 people on board, as well as two people on the ground.[9] 1971 – The Troubles: In Northern Ireland, the British authorities launch Operation Demetrius. The operation involves the mass arrest and internment without trial of individuals suspected of being affiliated with the Irish Republican Army (PIRA). Mass riots follow, and thousands of people flee or are forced out of their homes.[10] 1973 – Mars 7 is launched from the USSR. 1974 – As a direct result of the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office. Vice President Gerald Ford becomes president. 1991 – The Italian prosecuting magistrate Antonino Scopelliti is murdered by the 'Ndrangheta on behalf of the Sicilian Mafia while preparing the government's case in the final appeal of the Maxi Trial. 1993 – The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan loses a 38-year hold on national leadership. 1995 – Aviateca Flight 901 crashes into the San Vicente volcano in El Salvador, killing all 65 people on board.[11] 1999 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin fires his Prime Minister, Sergei Stepashin, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet. 2006 – At least 21 suspected terrorists are arrested in the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot that happened in the United Kingdom. The arrests are made in London, Birmingham, and High Wycombe in an overnight operation. 2007 – Air Moorea Flight 1121 crashes after takeoff from Moorea Airport in French Polynesia, killing all 20 people on board.[12] 2012 – Shannon Eastin becomes the first woman to officiate an NFL game.[13] 2013 – Gunmen open fire at a Sunni mosque in the city of Quetta killing at least ten people and injuring 30. 2014 – Michael Brown, an 18-year-old African American male in Ferguson, Missouri, is shot and killed by a Ferguson police officer after reportedly assaulting the officer and attempting to steal his weapon, sparking protests and unrest in the city. 2021 – The Tampere light rail officially starts operating.[14] Births Pre-1600 1201 – Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English historian and merchant (d. 1274) 1537 – Francesco Barozzi, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1604)[15] 1544 – Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1606) 1590 – John Webster, colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (d. 1661) 1601–1900 1603 – Johannes Cocceius, German-Dutch theologian and academic (d. 1669) 1611 – Henry of Nassau-Siegen, German count, officer in the Dutch Army, diplomat for the Dutch Republic (b. 1611)[16] 1648 – Johann Michael Bach, German composer (d. 1694)[17] 1653 – John Oldham, English poet and translator (d. 1683) 1674 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect, designed the Veltrusy Mansion (d. 1766) 1696 – Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1772) 1722 – Prince Augustus William of Prussia (d. 1758)[18] 1726 – Francesco Cetti, Italian priest, zoologist, and mathematician (d. 1778) 1748 – Bernhard Schott, German music publisher (d. 1809)[19] 1757 – Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, American humanitarian; wife of Alexander Hamilton (d. 1854) 1757 – Thomas Telford, Scottish architect and engineer, designed the Menai Suspension Bridge (d. 1834) 1776 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian physicist and chemist (d. 1856) 1783 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (d. 1801) 1788 – Adoniram Judson, American missionary and lexicographer (d. 1850) 1797 – Charles Robert Malden, English lieutenant and surveyor (d. 1855) 1805 – Joseph Locke, English engineer and politician (d. 1860) 1845 – André Bessette, Canadian saint (d. 1937) 1847 – Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, French-Italian wife of Amadeo I of Spain (d. 1876) 1848 – Alfred David Benjamin, Australian-born businessman and philanthropist. (d. 1900) 1861 – Dorothea Klumpke, American astronomer and academic (d. 1942) 1867 – Evelina Haverfield, Scottish nurse and activist (d. 1920) 1872 – Archduke Joseph August of Austria (d. 1962) 1874 – Reynaldo Hahn, Venezuelan composer and conductor (d. 1947) 1875 – Albert Ketèlbey, English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1959) 1878 – Eileen Gray, Irish architect and furniture designer (d. 1976) 1879 – John Willcock, Australian politician, 15th Premier of Western Australia, (d. 1956) 1881 – Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, Brazilian prince (d. 1918) 1890 – Eino Kaila, Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (d. 1958) 1896 – Erich Hückel, German physicist and chemist (d. 1980) 1896 – Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980) 1899 – P. L. Travers, Australian-English author and actress (d. 1996) 1900 – Charles Farrell, American actor and singer (d. 1990) 1901–present 1902 – Zino Francescatti, French violinist (d. 1991) 1902 – Panteleimon Ponomarenko, Russian general and politician (d. 1984) 1905 – Leo Genn, British actor and barrister (d. 1978) 1909 – Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, Indian scholar, author, and academic (d. 1992) 1909 – Willa Beatrice Player, American educator, first Black woman college president (d. 2003)[20] 1909 – Adam von Trott zu Solz, German lawyer and diplomat (d. 1944) 1911 – William Alfred Fowler, American astronomer and astrophysicist, Nobel Laureate (d. 1996) 1911 – Eddie Futch, American boxer and trainer (d. 2001) 1911 – John McQuade, Northern Irish soldier, boxer, and politician (d. 1984) 1913 – Wilbur Norman Christiansen, Australian astronomer and engineer (d. 2007) 1914 – Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian-Austrian conductor and director (d. 1963) 1914 – Tove Jansson, Finnish author and illustrator (d. 2001) 1914 – Joe Mercer, English footballer and manager (d. 1990) 1915 – Mareta West, American astronomer and geologist (d. 1998) 1918 – Kermit Beahan, American colonel (d. 1989) 1918 – Giles Cooper, Irish soldier and playwright (d. 1966) 1918 – Albert Seedman, American police officer (d. 2013) 1919 – Joop den Uyl, Dutch journalist, economist, and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1987) 1919 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010) 1920 – Enzo Biagi, Italian journalist and author (d. 2007) 1921 – Ernest Angley, American evangelist and author (d. 2021) 1921 – J. James Exon, American soldier and politician, 33rd Governor of Nebraska (d. 2005) 1922 – Philip Larkin, English poet and novelist (d. 1985) 1924 – Mathews Mar Barnabas, Indian metropolitan (d. 2012) 1924 – Frank Martínez, American soldier and painter (d. 2013) 1925 – David A. Huffman, American computer scientist, developed Huffman coding (d. 1999) 1926 – Denis Atkinson, Barbadian cricketer (d. 2001) 1927 – Daniel Keyes, American short story writer and novelist (d. 2014) 1927 – Robert Shaw, English actor and screenwriter (d. 1978) 1928 – Bob Cousy, American basketball player and coach[21] 1928 – Camilla Wicks, American violinist and educator (d. 2020) 1928 – Dolores Wilson, American soprano and actress (d. 2010) 1929 – Abdi İpekçi, Turkish journalist and activist (d. 1979) 1930 – Milt Bolling, American baseball player and scout (d. 2013) 1930 – Jacques Parizeau, Canadian economist and politician, 26th Premier of Quebec (d. 2015) 1931 – Chuck Essegian, American baseball player and lawyer 1931 – James Freeman Gilbert, American geophysicist and academic (d. 2014) 1931 – Paula Kent Meehan, American businesswoman, co-founded Redken (d. 2014) 1931 – Mário Zagallo, Brazilian footballer and coach (d. 2024)[22] 1932 – Tam Dalyell, Scottish academic and politician (d. 2017) 1932 – John Gomery, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2021) 1933 – Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, Japanese actress, talk show host, and author 1935 – Beverlee McKinsey, American actress (d. 2008) 1936 – Julián Javier, Dominican-American baseball player 1936 – Patrick Tse, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1938 – Leonid Kuchma, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 2nd President of Ukraine 1938 – Rod Laver, Australian tennis player and coach 1938 – Otto Rehhagel, German footballer, coach, and manager 1939 – Hércules Brito Ruas, Brazilian footballer 1939 – Vincent Hanna, Northern Irish journalist (d. 1997) 1939 – The Mighty Hannibal, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2014) 1939 – Billy Henderson, American singer (d. 2007) 1939 – Bulle Ogier, French actress and screenwriter 1939 – Romano Prodi, Italian academic and politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Italy 1939 – Butch Warren, American bassist (d. 2013) 1940 – Linda Keen, American mathematician and academic 1942 – David Steinberg, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1943 – Ken Norton, American boxer and actor (d. 2013)[23] 1944 – George Armstrong, English footballer (d. 2000) 1944 – Patrick Depailler, French racing driver (d. 1980)[24] 1944 – Sam Elliott, American actor and producer[25] 1944 – Patricia McKissack, American soldier, engineer, and author (d. 2017) 1945 – Barbara Delinsky, American author 1945 – Aleksandr Gorelik, Russian figure skater and sportscaster (d. 2012) 1945 – Posy Simmonds, English author and illustrator 1946 – Rinus Gerritsen, Dutch rock bass player 1947 – Roy Hodgson, English footballer and manager 1947 – Barbara Mason, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter 1947 – John Varley, American author 1948 – Bill Campbell, American baseball player and coach (d. 2023) 1949 – Jonathan Kellerman, American psychologist and author 1949 – Ted Simmons, American baseball player and coach 1951 – James Naughtie, Scottish journalist and radio host 1951 – Steve Swisher, American baseball player and manager 1952 – Prateep Ungsongtham Hata, Thai activist and politician 1953 – Kay Stenshjemmet, Norwegian speed skater 1953 – Jean Tirole, French economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1954 – Ray Jennings, South African cricketer and coach 1954 – Pete Thomas, English drummer 1955 – John E. Sweeney, American lawyer and politician 1956 – Gordon Singleton, Canadian Olympic cyclist (d. 2024) 1957 – Melanie Griffith, American actress and producer[21] 1958 – Amanda Bearse, American actress, comedian and director 1958 – Calie Pistorius, South African engineer and academic 1959 – Kurtis Blow, American rapper, producer, and actor 1959 – Michael Kors, American fashion designer[21] 1961 – Brad Gilbert, American tennis player and sportscaster 1961 – John Key, New Zealand businessman and politician, 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand[26] 1962 – Louis Lipps, American football player and radio host 1962 – Kevin Mack, American football player 1962 – John "Hot Rod" Williams, American basketball player (d. 2015) 1963 – Whitney Houston, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (d. 2012)[27] 1963 – Jay Leggett, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1963 – Barton Lynch, Australian surfer 1964 – Brett Hull, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager 1964 – Hoda Kotb, American journalist and television personality[21] 1965 – Nitin Chandrakant Desai, Indian art director, production designer, and film and television producer (d. 2023)[28] 1966 – Vinny Del Negro, American basketball player and coach 1966 – Linn Ullmann, Norwegian journalist and author 1967 – Deion Sanders, American football and baseball player[21] 1968 – Gillian Anderson, American-British actress, activist and writer[21] 1968 – Eric Bana, Australian actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter[21] 1968 – Sam Fogarino, American drummer 1968 – McG, American director and producer 1969 – Troy Percival, American baseball player and coach 1970 – Rod Brind'Amour, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1970 – Chris Cuomo, American lawyer and journalist 1970 – Thomas Lennon, American actor and comedian[29] 1972 – Juanes, Colombian singer and songwriter[30] 1973 – Filippo Inzaghi, Italian footballer and manager 1973 – Kevin McKidd, Scottish actor and director[21] 1973 – Gene Luen Yang, American author and illustrator 1974 – Derek Fisher, American basketball player and coach 1974 – Stephen Fung, Hong Kong actor, singer, director, and screenwriter 1974 – Lesley McKenna, Scottish snowboarder[31] 1974 – Matt Morris, American baseball player 1974 – Kirill Reznik, American lawyer and politician 1974 – Raphaël Poirée, French biathlete 1975 – Mahesh Babu, Indian actor and producer 1975 – Valentin Kovalenko, Uzbek football referee 1975 – Mike Lamb, American baseball player 1975 – Robbie Middleby, Australian soccer player 1976 – Rhona Mitra, English actress and singer 1976 – Audrey Tautou, French model and actress 1976 – Jessica Capshaw, American actress 1977 – Jason Frasor, American baseball player 1977 – Chamique Holdsclaw, American basketball player 1977 – Ravshan Irmatov, Uzbek football referee 1977 – Adewale Ogunleye, American football player 1977 – Ime Udoka, American basketball player and coach 1977 – Mikaël Silvestre, French footballer 1978 – Dorin Chirtoacă, Moldavian lawyer and politician, Mayor of Chișinău 1978 – Ana Serradilla, Mexican actress and producer 1978 – Wesley Sonck, Belgian footballer 1979 – Michael Kingma, Australian basketball player 1979 – Kliff Kingsbury, American football coach[32] 1979 – Lisa Nandy, British politician 1979 – Tony Stewart, American football player 1981 – Jarvis Hayes, American basketball player 1981 – Li Jiawei, Singaporean table tennis player 1982 – Joel Anthony, American basketball player 1982 – Tyson Gay, American sprinter[33] 1982 – Yekaterina Samutsevich, Russian singer and activist 1982 – Kanstantsin Sivtsov, Belarusian cyclist 1983 – Dan Levy, Canadian actor and comedian[34] 1983 – Hamilton Masakadza, Zimbabwean cricketer[35] 1983 – Shane O'Brien, Canadian ice hockey player 1983 – Alicja Smietana, Polish-English violinist 1984 – Paul Gallagher, Scottish footballer 1985 – Luca Filippi, Italian racing driver 1985 – Filipe Luís, Brazilian footballer 1985 – Anna Kendrick, American actress and singer[21] 1985 – Hayley Peirsol, American swimmer 1985 – Vivek Ramaswamy, American entrepreneur[36] 1985 – JaMarcus Russell, American football player 1985 – Chandler Williams, American football player (d. 2013) 1986 – Michael Lerchl, German footballer 1986 – Daniel Preussner, German rugby player 1986 – Tyler Smith, American singer-songwriter and bass player 1987 – Marek Niit, Estonian sprinter 1988 – Anthony Castonzo, American football player 1988 – Willian, Brazilian footballer 1988 – Vasilios Koutsianikoulis, Greek footballer 1989 – Jason Heyward, American baseball player 1989 – Stefano Okaka, Italian footballer 1989 – Kento Ono, Japanese actor and model 1990 – İshak Doğan, Turkish footballer 1990 – Sarah McBride, American LGBT activist 1990 – Stuart McInally, Scottish rugby player 1990 – Brice Roger, French skier 1990 – D'Arcy Short, Australian cricketer [37] 1990 – Bill Skarsgård, Swedish actor[21] 1991 – Alice Barlow, English actress 1991 – Alexa Bliss, American bodybuilder and wrestler 1991 – Hansika Motwani, Indian actress [38] 1992 – Farahnaz Forotan, Afghan journalist[39] 1993 – Jun.Q, South Korean singer and actor 1993 – Dipa Karmakar, Indian gymnast[40] 1994 – Kelli Hubly, American soccer player 1994 – King Von, American rapper (d. 2020)[41] 1995 – Eli Apple, American football player 1995 – Justice Smith, American actor[21] 1996 – Sanya Lopez, Filipino actress and model 1999 – Deniss Vasiļjevs, Latvian figure skater 2000 – Aidan Hutchinson, American football player[42] 2000 – Arlo Parks, British singer-songwriter[43] 2005 – Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva, Andorran tennis player[44] Deaths Pre-1600 378 – Traianus, Roman general 378 – Valens, Roman emperor (b. 328) 803 – Irene of Athens, Byzantine ruler (b. 752)[45] 833 – Al-Ma'mun, Iraqi caliph (b. 786) 1048 – Pope Damasus II[46] 1107 – Emperor Horikawa of Japan (b. 1079) 1173 – Najm ad-Din Ayyub, Kurdish soldier and politician 1211 – William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, exiled Anglo-Norman baron (b. 1144/53) 1260 – Walter of Kirkham, Bishop of Durham 1296 – Hugh, Count of Brienne, French crusader 1341 – Eleanor of Anjou, queen consort of Sicily (b. 1289) 1354 – Stephen, Duke of Slavonia, Hungarian prince (b. 1332) 1420 – Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1351) 1516 – Hieronymus Bosch, Early Netherlandish painter (b. circa 1450) 1534 – Thomas Cajetan, Italian cardinal and philosopher (b. 1470) 1580 – Metrophanes III of Constantinople (b. 1520) 1601–1900 1601 – Michael the Brave, Romanian prince (b. 1558) 1634 – William Noy, English lawyer and judge (b. 1577) 1720 – Simon Ockley, English orientalist and academic (b. 1678) 1744 – James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, English academic and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire (b. 1673) 1816 – Johann August Apel, German jurist and author (b. 1771) 1861 – Vincent Novello, English composer and publisher (b. 1781) 1886 – Samuel Ferguson, Irish lawyer and poet (b. 1810) 1901–present 1910 – Huo Yuanjia, Chinese martial artist, co-founded the Chin Woo Athletic Association (b. 1868) 1919 – Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer and educator (b. 1857) 1920 – Samuel Griffith, Welsh-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Queensland (b. 1845) 1932 – John Charles Fields, Canadian mathematician, founder of the Fields Medal (b. 1863) 1941 – Richard Goss, Executed Irish Republican (b. 1915)[47] 1942 – Edith Stein, German nun and saint (b. 1891) 1943 – Chaïm Soutine, Belarusian-French painter and educator (b. 1893) 1945 – Robert Hampton Gray, Canadian lieutenant and pilot, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1917) 1945 – Harry Hillman, American runner and coach (b. 1881) 1946 – Bert Vogler, South African cricketer (b. 1876) 1948 – Hugo Boss, German fashion designer, founded Hugo Boss (b. 1885) 1949 – Edward Thorndike, American psychologist and academic (b. 1874) 1957 – Carl Clauberg, German Nazi physician (b. 1898) 1962 – Hermann Hesse, German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877) 1963 – Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, American son of John F. Kennedy (b. 1963) 1967 – Joe Orton, English author and playwright (b. 1933) 1969 – Wojciech Frykowski, Polish-American actor and author (b. 1936) 1969 – Sharon Tate, American model and actress (b. 1943) 1969 – C. F. Powell, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903) 1970 – Jimmy Steele (Irish republican), lifelong militant and editor (b. 1907)[48] 1972 – Sıddık Sami Onar, Turkish lawyer and academic (b. 1897) 1974 – Bill Chase, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1934) 1975 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1906) 1978 – James Gould Cozzens, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1903) 1979 – Walter O'Malley, American businessman (b. 1903) 1979 – Raymond Washington, American gang leader, founded the Crips (b. 1953) 1980 – Jacqueline Cochran, American pilot (b. 1906) 1980 – Ruby Hurley, American civil rights activist (b. 1909)[49] 1981 – Max Hoffman, Austrian-born car importer and businessman (b. 1904) 1985 – Clive Churchill, Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1927) 1986 – Eoin McNamee (Irish republican), Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (b. 1914)[50] 1988 – M. Carl Holman, American author, educator, poet, and playwright (b. 1919)[51] 1988 – Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (b. 1905)[52] 1990 – Joe Mercer, English footballer and manager (b. 1914) 1992 – Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Iranian singer and actor (b. 1938) 1995 – Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942) 1996 – Frank Whittle, English soldier and engineer, invented the jet engine (b. 1907) 1999 – Helen Rollason, English sports journalist and sportscaster (b. 1956)[53] 1999 – Fouad Serageddin, Egyptian journalist and politician (b. 1910) 2000 – John Harsanyi, Hungarian-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920) 2000 – Nicholas Markowitz, American murder victim (b. 1984) 2002 – Paul Samson, English guitarist (b. 1953) 2003 – Jacques Deray, French director and screenwriter (b. 1929) 2003 – Ray Harford, English footballer and manager (b. 1945) 2003 – Gregory Hines, American actor, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1946) 2003 – R. Sivagurunathan, Sri Lankan lawyer, journalist, and academic (b. 1931) 2004 – Robert Lecourt, French lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of France (b. 1908) 2004 – Tony Mottola, American guitarist and composer (b. 1918) 2004 – David Raksin, American composer and educator (b. 1912) 2005 – Judith Rossner, American author (b. 1935) 2006 – Philip E. High, English author (b. 1914) 2006 – James Van Allen, American physicist and academic (b. 1914) 2007 – Joe O'Donnell, American photographer and journalist (b. 1922) 2008 – Bernie Mac, American comedian, actor, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1957) 2008 – Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian author and poet (b. 1941) 2010 – Calvin "Fuzz" Jones, American singer and bass player (b. 1926) 2010 – Ted Stevens, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1923) 2012 – Carl Davis, American record producer (b. 1934) 2012 – Gene F. Franklin, American engineer, theorist, and academic (b. 1927) 2012 – Al Freeman, Jr., American actor, director, and educator (b. 1934) 2012 – David Rakoff, Canadian-American actor and journalist (b. 1964) 2012 – Carmen Belen Richardson, Puerto Rican-American actress (b. 1930) 2012 – Mel Stuart, American director and producer (b. 1928) 2013 – Harry Elliott, American baseball player and coach (b. 1923) 2013 – Eduardo Falú, Argentinian guitarist and composer (b. 1923) 2013 – William Lynch, Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1947) 2014 – J. F. Ade Ajayi, Nigerian historian and academic (b. 1929) 2014 – Andriy Bal, Ukrainian footballer and coach (b. 1958) 2014 – Arthur G. Cohen, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Arlen Realty and Development Corporation (b. 1930) 2014 – Ed Nelson, American actor (b. 1928)[54] 2015 – Frank Gifford, American football player, sportscaster, and actor (b. 1930) 2015 – John Henry Holland, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1929) 2015 – Walter Nahún López, Honduran footballer (b. 1977) 2015 – David Nobbs, English author and screenwriter (b. 1935) 2015 – Kayyar Kinhanna Rai, Indian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1915) 2015 – Fikret Otyam, Turkish painter and journalist (b. 1926) 2016 – Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, third-richest British citizen (b. 1951)[55] 2021 – Pat Hitchcock, English actress and producer (b. 1928)[56] 2021 – Killer Kau, South African rapper, dancer and record producer (b. 1998)[57] 2021 – Zairaini Sarbini, Malaysian voice actress (b. 1972)[58] 2023 – Robbie Robertson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (b. 1943)[59] Holidays and observances Battle of Gangut Day (Russia) Christian feast day: Candida Maria of Jesus Edith Stein (St Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) Firmus and Rusticus Herman of Alaska (Russian Orthodox Church and related congregations; Episcopal Church (USA)) John Vianney (1950s – currently August 4) Mary Sumner (Church of England) Nath Í of Achonry Romanus Ostiarius Secundian, Marcellian and Verian August 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples (United Nations)[60] Meyboom (Brussels and Leuven, Belgium) National Day, celebrates the independence of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965. National Peacekeepers' Day, celebrated on Sunday closest to the day (Canada) National Women's Day (South Africa)

August 8 is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 145 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the new Duke of Qi — but is defeated at Qianshi by Jiu’s brother and rival claimant, the newly inaugurated Duke Huan of Qi.[1] 870 – Treaty of Meerssen: King Louis the German and his half-brother Charles the Bald partition the Middle Frankish Kingdom into two larger east and west divisions.[2] 1220 – Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.[3] 1264 – Mudéjar revolt: Muslim rebel forces took the Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera after defeating the Castilian garrison. 1503 – King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland. 1509 – Krishnadeva Raya is crowned Emperor of Vijayanagara at Chittoor. 1576 – The cornerstone for Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg observatory is laid on the island of Hven. 1585 – John Davis enters Cumberland Sound in search of the Northwest Passage. 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The naval engagement ends, ending the Spanish Armada's attempt to invade England. 1601–1900 1647 – The Irish Confederate Wars and Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Dungan's Hill: English Parliamentary forces defeat Irish forces. 1648 – Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman sultan. 1709 – Bartolomeu de Gusmão demonstrates the lifting power of hot air in an audience before the king of Portugal in Lisbon, Portugal. 1786 – Mont Blanc on the French-Italian border is climbed for the first time by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard. 1794 – Joseph Whidbey leads an expedition to search for the Northwest Passage near Juneau, Alaska. 1831 – Four hundred Shawnee people agree to relinquish their lands in Ohio in exchange for land west of the Mississippi River in the Treaty of Wapakoneta.[4] 1844 – The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, headed by Brigham Young, is reaffirmed as the leading body of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). 1863 – American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt). 1863 – Tennessee Military Governor Andrew Johnson frees his personal slaves in Greeneville, Tennessee despite them being exempt from the Emancipation Proclamation, now commemorated as Emancipation Day in the state.[5] 1870 – The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania. 1876 – Thomas Edison receives a patent for his mimeograph. 1901–present 1903 – Black Saturday occurs, killing 12 in a stadium collapse in Philadelphia.[6] 1908 – Wilbur Wright makes his first flight at a racecourse at Le Mans, France. It is the Wright Brothers' first public flight. 1918 – World War I: The Battle of Amiens begins a string of almost continuous Allied victories with a push through the German front lines (Hundred Days Offensive). 1919 – The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 is signed. It establishes peaceful relations between Afghanistan and the UK, and confirms the Durand line as the mutual border. In return, the UK is no longer obligated to subsidize the Afghan government.[7] 1929 – The German airship Graf Zeppelin begins a round-the-world flight. 1940 – The "Aufbau Ost" directive is signed by Wilhelm Keitel. 1942 – Quit India Movement is launched in India against the British rule in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for swaraj or complete independence. 1945 – The London Charter is signed by France, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States, establishing the laws and procedures for the Nuremberg trials. 1946 – First flight of the Convair B-36, the world's first mass-produced nuclear weapon delivery vehicle, the heaviest mass-produced piston-engined aircraft, with the longest wingspan of any military aircraft, and the first bomber with intercontinental range. 1956 – Marcinelle mining disaster in Belgium. 262 coal miners, including a substantial number of Italian migrant workers, were killed in one of the largest mining accidents in Belgian history.[8] 1963 – Great Train Robbery: In England, a gang of 15 train robbers steal £2.6 million in bank notes. 1963 – The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), the current ruling party of Zimbabwe, is formed by a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union. 1967 – The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is founded by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. 1969 – At a zebra crossing in London, photographer Iain Macmillan takes the iconic photo that becomes the cover image of the Beatles' album Abbey Road. 1973 – Kim Dae-jung, a South Korean politician and later president of South Korea, is kidnapped. 1974 – President Richard Nixon, in a nationwide television address, announces his resignation from the office of the President of the United States effective noon the next day. 1988 – The 8888 Uprising begins in Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar). Led by students, hundreds of thousands join in nationwide protests against the one-party regime. On September 18, the demonstrations end in a military crackdown, killing thousands. 1988 – The first night baseball game in the history of Chicago's Wrigley Field (game was rained out in the fourth inning).[9] 1989 – Space Shuttle program: STS-28 Mission: Space Shuttle Columbia takes off on a secret five-day military mission. 1990 – Iraq occupies Kuwait and the state is annexed to Iraq. This would lead to the Gulf War shortly afterward. 1991 – The Warsaw radio mast, then the tallest construction ever built, collapses. 1993 – The 7.8 Mw  Guam earthquake shakes the island with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), causing around $250 million in damage and injuring up to 71 people. 1998 – Iranian consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan is raided by Taliban leading to the deaths of ten Iranian diplomats and a journalist. 2000 – Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor and 30 years after its discovery by undersea explorer E. Lee Spence. 2001 – Albanian rebels ambush a convoy of the Army of the Republic of Macedonia near Tetovo, killing 10 soldiers.[10] 2004 – A tour bus belonging to the Dave Matthews Band dumps approximately 800 pounds of human waste onto a boat full of passengers.[11] 2007 – An EF2 tornado touches down in Kings County and Richmond County, New York, the most powerful tornado in New York to date and the first in Brooklyn since 1889. 2008 – A EuroCity express train en route from Kraków, Poland to Prague, Czech Republic strikes a part of a motorway bridge that had fallen onto the railroad track near Studénka railway station in the Czech Republic and derails, killing eight people and injuring 64 others. 2008 – The 29th modern summer Olympic Games took place in Beijing, China until August 24.[12] 2009 – A Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil and Piper PA-32R collide over the Hudson River, killing nine people.[13] 2010 – China Floods: A mudslide in Zhugqu County, Gansu, China, kills more than 1,400 people. 2013 – A suicide bombing at a funeral in the Pakistani city of Quetta kills at least 31 people. 2015 – Eight people are killed in a shooting in Harris County, Texas. 2016 – Terrorists attack a government hospital in Quetta, Pakistan with a suicide blast and shooting, killing between 70 and 94 people, and injuring around 130 others. 2019 – An explosion at the State Central Navy Testing Range in Nyonoksa, Russia, kills five people.[14] 2022 – The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) executes a search warrant at former president Donald Trump's residence in Mar-a-Lago, Palm Beach, Florida.[15][16] 2023 – Hawaii wildfires: Seventeen thousand acres of land are burned and at least 101 people are killed, with two others missing, when a series of wildfires break out on the island of Maui in Hawaii.[17] Births Pre-1600 422 – Casper, ruler of the Maya city of Palenque 1079 – Emperor Horikawa of Japan (d. 1107) 1170 – Saint Dominic, founder of the Dominicans (d. 1221) 1306 – Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1353) 1492 – Matteo Tafuri, Italian alchemist (d. 1582) 1518 – Conrad Lycosthenes, French-German scholar and author (d. 1561)[18] 1558 – George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, English noble (d. 1605) 1601–1900 1605 – Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, English lawyer and politician, Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1675) 1640 – Amalia Catharina, German poet and composer (d. 1697) 1646 – Godfrey Kneller, German-English painter (d. 1723) 1673 – John Ker, Scottish spy (d. 1726) 1693 – Laurent Belissen, French composer (d. 1762) 1694 – Francis Hutcheson, Irish philosopher and academic (d. 1746) 1709 – Hermann Anton Gelinek, German-Italian monk and violinist (d. 1779) 1720 – Carl Fredrik Pechlin, Swedish general and politician (d. 1796) 1754 – Hipólito Ruiz López, Spanish botanist (d. 1816) 1758 – Friedrich Georg Weitsch, German painter (d. 1828) 1790 – Ferenc Kölcsey, Hungarian poet, critic, and politician (d. 1838) 1807 – Emilie Flygare-Carlén, Swedish author (d. 1892) 1814 – Esther Hobart Morris, American suffragette and judge (d. 1902)[19] 1822 – George Stoneman, Jr., United States Army cavalry officer (d. 1894) 1839 – Nelson A. Miles, American general (d. 1925) 1851 – George Turner, Australian politician, 18th Premier of Victoria (d. 1916) 1856 – Thomas Anstey Guthrie, English journalist and author (d. 1934) 1857 – Cécile Chaminade, French pianist and composer (d. 1944) 1863 – Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, American painter (d. 1930)[20] 1866 – Matthew Henson, American explorer (d. 1955) 1874 – Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, English businessman and politician, President of the Board of Trade (d. 1948) 1875 – Artur Bernardes, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 12th President of Brazil (d. 1955) 1876 – Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly, Indian-Syrian priest, founded the Sisters of the Destitute (d. 1929) 1879 – Bob Smith, American physician and surgeon, co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous (d. 1950) 1879 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican general and politician (d. 1919) 1880 – Earle Page, Australian lawyer, academic, and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1961)[21][22] 1881 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (d. 1954) 1882 – Ladislas Starevich, Russian-French animator, screenwriter, and cinematographer (d. 1965) 1884 – Sara Teasdale, American poet and educator (d. 1933) 1889 – Hans Egede Budtz, Danish actor (d. 1968) 1889 – Jack Ryder, Australian cricketer (d. 1977) 1891 – Adolf Busch, German violinist and composer (d. 1952) 1896 – Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, American author and academic (d. 1953)[23] 1898 – Marguerite Bise, French chef (d. 1965) 1901–present 1901 – Ernest Lawrence, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958) 1902 – Paul Dirac, English-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984) 1904 – Achille Varzi, Italian racing driver (d. 1948) 1905 – André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974) 1907 – Benny Carter, American saxophonist, trumpet player, and composer (d. 2003) 1907 – Jimmy Steele (Irish republican), life long militant and editor (d. 1970)[24] 1908 – Arthur Goldberg, American jurist and politician, 6th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 1990) 1909 – Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham, English cricketer and politician, 9th Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 1977) 1909 – Jack Renshaw, Australian politician, 31st Premier of New South Wales (d. 1987) 1909 – Bill Voce, England cricketer and coach (d. 1984) 1910 – Jimmy Murphy, Welsh-English footballer and manager (d. 1989) 1910 – Sylvia Sidney, American actress (d. 1999) 1911 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress (d. 2002) 1915 – James Elliott, American runner and coach (d. 1981) 1919 – Dino De Laurentiis, Italian actor and producer (d. 2010) 1919 – John David Wilson, English animator and producer (d. 2013) 1920 – Leo Chiosso, Italian songwriter and producer (d. 2006) 1920 – Jimmy Witherspoon, American jump blues singer (d. 1997) 1921 – William Asher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012) 1921 – Webb Pierce, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1991) 1921 – Esther Williams, American swimmer and actress (d. 2013) 1922 – Rory Calhoun, American actor (d. 1999) 1922 – Rudi Gernreich, Austrian-American fashion designer, created the Monokini (d. 1985) 1922 – Gertrude Himmelfarb, American historian, author, and academic (d. 2019) 1922 – Károly Reich, Hungarian illustrator (d. 1988) 1925 – Alija Izetbegović, Bosnian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Bosnia and Herzegovina (d. 2003) 1925 – Aziz Sattar, Malaysian actor, comedian, singer and director (d. 2014) 1926 – Richard Anderson, American actor and producer (d. 2017) 1927 – Johnny Temple, American baseball player and coach (d. 1994) 1927 – Maia Wojciechowska, Polish-American author (d. 2002) 1928 – Don Burrows, Australian saxophonist, clarinet player, and flute player (d. 2020) 1929 – Larisa Bogoraz, Russian linguist and activist (d. 2004) 1929 – Luis García Meza Tejada, Bolivian general and politician, 68th President of Bolivia (d. 2018) 1929 – Ronnie Biggs, English criminal (d. 2013)[25] 1930 – Terry Nation, Welsh-American author and screenwriter (d. 1997) 1930 – Jerry Tarkanian, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015) 1931 – Roger Penrose, English physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate 1932 – Mel Tillis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017) 1933 – Joe Tex, American soul singer-songwriter (d. 1982) 1934 – Sarat Pujari, Indian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2014) 1935 – Donald P. Bellisario, American director, producer, and screenwriter 1935 – John Laws, Papua New Guinean-Australian singer and radio host 1936 – Frank Howard, American baseball player and manager (d. 2023) 1936 – Jan Pieńkowski, Polish-English author and illustrator (d. 2022) 1937 – Dustin Hoffman, American actor and director 1937 – Sheila Varian, American horse breeder (d. 2016) 1937 – Cornelis Vreeswijk, Dutch-Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 1987) 1938 – Jack Baldwin, English chemist and academic (d. 2020) 1938 – Jacques Hétu, Canadian composer and educator (d. 2010) 1938 – Connie Stevens, American actress and businesswoman 1939 – Jana Andrsová, Czech actress and ballerina (d. 2023) 1939 – Viorica Viscopoleanu, Romanian long jumper 1939 – Alexander Watson, American diplomat, United States Ambassador to Peru 1940 – Dilip Sardesai, Indian cricketer (d. 2007) 1940 – Dennis Tito, American engineer and businessman, founded Wilshire Associates 1942 – James Blanchard, American diplomat and politician, 45th Governor of Michigan 1942 – Dennis Canavan, Scottish educator and politician 1942 – John Gustafson, English singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2014) 1942 – Vardo Rumessen, Estonian pianist and musicologist (d. 2015) 1944 – John C. Holmes, American film actor (d. 1988) 1944 – Michael Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2017) 1944 – John Renbourn, English-Scottish guitarist and songwriter (d. 2015) 1944 – Simon Taylor, English journalist and author 1946 – Joe Bethancourt, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014) 1947 – Ken Dryden, Canadian ice hockey player, lawyer, and politician 1947 – Larry Wilcox, American actor, director, and producer[26] 1948 – Svetlana Savitskaya, Russian engineer and astronaut 1948 – Margaret Urban Walker, American philosopher 1949 – Terry Burnham, American actress (d. 2013)[27] 1949 – Keith Carradine, American actor[26] 1949 – Ricardo Londoño, Colombian racing driver (d. 2009) 1950 – Willie Hall, American drummer and producer 1950 – Ken Kutaragi, Japanese businessman, created PlayStation 1951 – Martin Brest, American director, producer, and screenwriter 1951 – Phil Carlson, Australian cricketer (d. 2022) 1951 – Mohamed Morsi, Egyptian engineer, academic, and politician, 5th President of Egypt (d. 2019) 1951 – Mamoru Oshii, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter 1951 – Randy Shilts, American journalist and author (d. 1994) 1951 – Louis van Gaal, Dutch footballer and manager 1952 – Anton Fig, South African-American drummer 1952 – Jostein Gaarder, Norwegian author 1952 – Doug Melvin, Canadian baseball player and manager 1952 – Robin Quivers, American nurse, radio host/personality, and author 1952 – Sudhakar Rao, Indian cricketer 1953 – Nigel Mansell, English racing driver[28] 1953 – Don Most, American actor and singer[29] 1954 – Nick Holtam, English bishop 1955 – Diddú, Icelandic singer-songwriter 1955 – Herbert Prohaska, Austrian footballer and manager 1955 – Michael Roe, Irish racing driver 1956 – Chris Foreman, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1956 – David Grant, English singer 1956 – Cecilia Roth, Argentinian actress 1957 – Dennis Drew, American keyboard player 1958 – Deborah Norville, American journalist[26] 1959 – Caroline Ansink, Dutch flute player, composer, and educator 1960 – Mustafa Balbay, Turkish journalist and politician 1960 – Ulrich Maly, German politician, 16th Mayor of Nuremberg 1961 – The Edge, British-Irish musician, singer and songwriter 1961 – Daniel House, American bass player and producer 1961 – Ron Klain, American lawyer and politician, White House Chief of Staff 1961 – Bruce Matthews, American football player and coach 1961 – Rikki Rockett, American glam rock drummer[26] 1962 – Kool Moe Dee, American musician, singer and actor 1963 – Hur Jin-ho, South Korean director and screenwriter 1963 – Ron Karkovice, American baseball player and manager 1963 – Emi Shinohara, Japanese voice actress and singer 1963 – Rika Fukami, Japanese voice actress and singer[30] 1963 – Jon Turteltaub, American director and producer 1963 – Stephen Walkom, Canadian ice hockey player, referee, and manager 1964 – Anastasia M. Ashman, American blogger and author 1964 – Giuseppe Conte, Prime Minister of Italy 1964 – Scott Sandelin, American ice hockey player and coach 1964 – Paul Taylor, English cricketer 1965 – Angus Fraser, English cricketer, manager, and journalist 1965 – Kate Langbroek, Australian talk show host 1966 – Chris Eubank, English boxer 1966 – John Hudek, American baseball player and coach 1967 – Marcelo Balboa, American soccer player, coach, and sportscaster 1967 – Yūki Amami, Japanese theater and film actress[31] 1968 – Yvie Burnett, Scottish soprano 1968 – Aldo Calderón van Dyke, Honduran journalist (d. 2013) 1968 – Abey Kuruvilla, Indian cricketer and coach 1968 – Huey Morgan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1969 – Monika Tsõganova, Estonian chess player 1969 – Faye Wong, Chinese singer-songwriter and actress 1970 – Trev Alberts, American football player and journalist 1970 – Ben G. Davis, English chemist and academic 1970 – José Francisco Molina, Spanish footballer and manager 1970 – Chester Williams, South African rugby player and coach (d. 2019) 1971 – Johnny Balentina, Dutch baseball player 1972 – Joely Collins, Canadian actress and producer 1972 – Andrea de Rossi, Italian rugby player and coach 1972 – Axel Merckx, Belgian cyclist 1972 – Steven Tweed, Scottish footballer and manager 1973 – Shane Lee, Australian cricketer and guitarist 1973 – Gert Olesk, Estonian footballer and manager 1973 – Scott Stapp, American singer-songwriter and producer[26] 1973 – Mark Wills, American singer-songwriter[32] 1973 – Ilka Agricola, German mathematician 1974 – Manjul Bhargava, Canadian-American mathematician and academic 1974 – Scott D'Amore, Canadian wrestler and manager 1974 – Brian Harvey, English singer-songwriter 1974 – Andy Priaulx, Guernseyan racing driver 1975 – Mick Moss, English singer-songwriter 1976 – JC Chasez, American singer and dancer[26] 1976 – Drew Lachey, American singer and actor[26] 1977 – Lindsay Sloane, American actress[26] 1977 – Darren Manzella, American sergeant (d. 2013) 1977 – Rocky Thompson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1977 – Nicolas Vogondy, French cyclist 1977 – Mohammad Wasim, Pakistani cricketer 1978 – Alan Maybury, Irish footballer and coach 1978 – Louis Saha, French footballer 1978 – Miho Shiraishi, Japanese actress 1979 – Richard Harwood, English cellist 1979 – Rashard Lewis, American basketball player 1979 – Richard Lyons, Northern Irish racing driver 1980 – Shayna Baszler, American mixed martial artist and wrestler[33] 1980 – Craig Breslow, American baseball pitcher and executive 1980 – Jack Cassel, American baseball player 1980 – Denisse Guerrero, Mexican singer-songwriter 1980 – Sabine Klaschka, German tennis player 1980 – Diego Markwell, Dutch baseball player 1980 – Pat Noonan, American soccer player 1980 – Michael Urie, American actor, director, and producer[26] 1981 – Vanessa Amorosi, Australian singer-songwriter 1981 – Roger Federer, Swiss tennis player 1981 – Meagan Good, American actress and producer[26] 1981 – Harel Skaat, Israeli singer-songwriter 1982 – David Florence, English canoe racer 1982 – Ross Ohlendorf, American baseball player 1983 – Guy Burnet, English actor and producer 1983 – Willie Tonga, Australian rugby league player 1984 – Kirk Broadfoot, Scottish footballer 1984 – Norbert Michelisz, Hungarian racing driver 1984 – Martrez Milner, American football player 1985 – Toby Flood, English rugby player 1985 – Ryan Koolwijk, Dutch footballer 1985 – James Morgan, Welsh actor and producer 1985 – Brett Ratliff, American football player 1985 – Anita Włodarczyk, Polish track and field athlete 1986 – Kateryna Bondarenko, Ukrainian tennis player 1986 – Jackie Cruz, Dominican-American actress and singer[26] 1986 – Pierre Garçon, American football player 1986 – Chris Pressley, American football player 1987 – Pierre Boulanger, French actor 1987 – Katie Leung, Scottish actress[34] 1987 – Tatjana Maria, German tennis player 1988 – Princess Beatrice, British royal[35] 1988 – Danilo Gallinari, Italian basketball player 1988 – Rinku Singh, Indian baseball player and wrestler 1988 – Laura Slade Wiggins, American actress and singer 1989 – Ken Baumann, American actor and author 1989 – Anthony Rizzo, American baseball player 1989 – Hannah Miley, English-Scottish swimmer 1989 – Prajakta Mali, Indian actress 1990 – Vladimír Darida, Czech footballer 1990 – Parker Kligerman, American race car driver 1990 – Aleksandra Szwed, Polish actress and singer 1990 – Kane Williamson, New Zealand cricket captain 1991 – Yandy Díaz, Cuban baseball player[36] 1991 – Nélson Oliveira, Portuguese footballer 1991 – Tyrone Peachey, Australian rugby league player 1991 – Joël Matip, Cameroonian footballer[37] 1992 – Josip Drmić, Swiss footballer 1992 – Casey Cott, American actor[38] 1993 – Emilie Mehl, Norwegian politician[39] 1994 – Cameron Payne, American basketball player[40] 1996 – A'ja Wilson, American basketball player[41] 1997 – Karim Walid, Egyptian footballer[42] 1998 – Ryan Garcia, American boxer[43] 1998 – Shawn Mendes, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist[26] 2000 – Félix Auger-Aliassime, Canadian tennis player [44] Deaths Pre-1600 117 – Trajan, Roman emperor (b. 53) 753 – Hildegar, bishop of Cologne 869 – Lothair II, Frankish king (b. 835) 998 – Sŏ Hŭi, Korean politician and diplomat (b. 942) 1002 – Almanzor, chief minister and de facto ruler of Córdoba 1171 – Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester (b. 1111) 1303 – Henry of Castile the Senator, Spanish nobleman (b. 1230) 1533 – Lucas van Leyden, Dutch artist (b. 1494) 1555 – Oronce Finé, French mathematician and cartographer (b. 1494) 1588 – Alonso Sánchez Coello, Spanish painter (b. 1532) 1601–1900 1604 – Horio Tadauji, Japanese daimyō (b. 1578) 1616 – Cornelis Ketel, Dutch painter (b. 1548) 1631 – Konstantinas Sirvydas, Lithuanian priest, lexicographer, and academic (b. 1579) 1684 – George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer, English politician (b. 1622) 1724 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (b. 1665)[45] 1747 – Madeleine de Verchères, Canadian raid leader (b. 1678)[46] 1746 – Francis Hutcheson, Irish philosopher (b. 1694) 1759 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German tenor and composer (b. 1704) 1827 – George Canning, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1770) 1828 – Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish botanist and psychologist (b. 1743) 1858 – Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité Bonheur, Haitian Empress (b. 1758) 1863 – Angus MacAskill, Scottish-Canadian giant (b. 1825) 1879 – Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher and academic (b. 1797) 1887 – Alexander William Doniphan, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1808) 1897 – Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss historian and academic (b. 1818) 1898 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (b. 1824) 1901–present 1902 – James Tissot, French painter and illustrator (b. 1836) 1902 – John Henry Twachtman, American painter and academic (b. 1853) 1909 – Mary MacKillop, Australian nun and saint, co-founded the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart (b. 1842)[47] 1911 – William P. Frye, American lawyer and politician (b. 1830) 1920 – Eduard Birnbaum, Polish-born German cantor (b. 1855)[48] 1921 – Juhani Aho, Finnish journalist and author (b. 1861) 1928 – Stjepan Radić, Croatian politician (b. 1871) 1930 – Launceston Elliot, Scottish wrestler and weightlifter (b. 1874) 1934 – Wilbert Robinson, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1863) 1937 – Jimmie Guthrie, Scottish motorcycle racer (b. 1897) 1940 – Johnny Dodds, American clarinet player and saxophonist (b. 1892) 1944 – Erwin von Witzleben, German field marshal (b. 1881) 1944 – Michael Wittmann, German commander (b. 1914) 1950 – Fergus McMaster, Australian businessman, founded Qantas (b. 1879) 1959 – Albert Namatjira, Australian painter (b. 1902) 1965 – Shirley Jackson, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1916) 1969 – Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, German biologist and eugenicist (b. 1896) 1971 – Freddie Spencer Chapman, English lieutenant (b. 1907) 1973 – Vilhelm Moberg, Swedish historian and author (b. 1898) 1974 – Elisabeth Abegg, German anti-Nazi resistance fighter (b. 1882)[49] 1975 – Cannonball Adderley, American saxophonist (b. 1928) 1979 – Nicholas Monsarrat, English lieutenant and author (b. 1910) 1980 – Paul Triquet, Canadian general, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1910) 1981 – Thomas McElwee, Irish republican, PIRA volunteer and Hunger Striker (b. 1957) 1982 – Eric Brandon, English racing driver and businessman (b. 1920) 1984 – Richard Deacon, American actor (b. 1921) 1984 – Ellen Raskin, American author and illustrator (b. 1928) 1985 – Louise Brooks, American actress (b. 1906) 1987 – Danilo Blanuša, Croatian mathematician and physicist (b. 1903) 1988 – Félix Leclerc, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914) 1988 – Alan Napier, English actor (b. 1903) 1991 – James Irwin, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1930) 1992 – Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, Iranian religious leader and scholar (b. 1899) 1996 – Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905) 1996 – Jüri Randviir, Estonian chess player and journalist (b. 1927) 1998 – Mahmoud Saremi, Iranian journalist (b. 1968) 2003 – Dirk Hoogendam, Dutch-German SS officer (b. 1922) 2003 – Falaba Issa Traoré, Malian director and playwright (b. 1930) 2004 – Leon Golub, American painter and academic (b. 1922) 2004 – Fay Wray, Canadian-American actress (b. 1907) 2005 – Barbara Bel Geddes, American actress (b. 1922) 2005 – Ahmed Deedat, South African missionary and author (b. 1918) 2005 – John H. Johnson, American publisher, founded the Johnson Publishing Company (b. 1918) 2005 – Gene Mauch, American baseball player and manager (b. 1925) 2005 – Dean Rockwell, American commander, wrestler, and coach (b. 1912) 2005 – Monica Sjöö, Swedish-English painter (b. 1938) 2007 – Ma Lik, Chinese journalist and politician (b. 1952) 2007 – Melville Shavelson, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1917) 2008 – Orville Moody, American golfer (b. 1933) 2009 – Daniel Jarque, Spanish footballer (b. 1983) 2010 – Patricia Neal, American actress (b. 1926)[50] 2012 – Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, German-American physicist and academic (b. 1926) 2012 – Ruth Etchells, English poet and academic (b. 1931) 2012 – Surya Lesmana, Indonesian footballer and manager (b. 1944) 2012 – Kurt Maetzig, German director and screenwriter (b. 1911) 2013 – Karen Black, American actress (b. 1939) 2013 – Johannes Bluyssen, Dutch bishop (b. 1926) 2013 – Fernando Castro Pacheco, Mexican painter, engraver, and illustrator (b. 1918) 2013 – Igor Kurnosov, Russian chess player (b. 1985)[51] 2013 – Regina Resnik, American soprano and actress (b. 1922) 2014 – Menahem Golan, Israeli director and producer (b. 1929) 2014 – Charles Keating, English-American actor (b. 1941) 2014 – Leonardo Legaspi, Filipino archbishop (b. 1935) 2014 – Peter Sculthorpe, Australian composer and conductor (b. 1929) 2014 – Red Wilson, American football and baseball player (b. 1929) 2015 – Sean Price, American rapper (b. 1972) 2015 – Gus Mortson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925) 2017 – Glen Campbell, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1936)[52] 2018 – Nicholas Bett, Kenyan track and field athlete (b. 1990)[53] 2020 – Gabriel Ochoa Uribe, Colombian football player and manager (b. 1929)[54] 2020 – Alfredo Lim, former Philippine senator and Mayor of Manila (b. 1929)[55] 2021 – Bill Davis, Canadian politician, 18th premier of Ontario (b. 1929)[56] 2022 – Olivia Newton-John, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1948)[57] 2023 – Rodriguez, American singer and songwriter (b. 1942)[58] Holidays and observances Ceasefire Day (end of Iran–Iraq War)[59] (Iraqi Kurdistan) Christian Feast Day: Altmann of Passau Cyriacus Dominic de Guzmán, founder of the Dominican Order. Four Crowned Martyrs Largus Mary MacKillop Saint Smaragdus (and companions) Severus of Vienne August 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Father's Day or Bā bā Day (爸爸節), Bā Bā is Mandarin for "father" and "8-8", or August 8. (Mongolia, Taiwan) Happiness Happens Day International Cat Day Namesday of the Queen (Sweden) Nane Nane Day (Tanzania) Signal Troops Day (Ukraine)

August 7 is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 146 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the magister militum Ricimer.[1] 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Constantinople.[2] 768 – Pope Stephen III is elected to office, and quickly seeks Frankish protection against the Lombard threat, since the Byzantine Empire is no longer able to help.[3] 936 – Coronation of King Otto I of Germany.[4] 1461 – The Ming dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor.[5] 1479 – Battle of Guinegate: French troops of King Louis XI were defeated by the Burgundians led by Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg.[6] 1601–1900 1679 – The brigantine Le Griffon becomes the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes of North America.[7] 1714 – The Battle of Gangut: The first important victory of the Russian Navy.[8] 1743 – The Treaty of Åbo ended the 1741–1743 Russo-Swedish War.[9][10] 1782 – George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers wounded in battle.[11] It is later renamed to the more poetic Purple Heart. 1786 – The first federal Indian Reservation is created by the United States.[12] 1789 – The United States Department of War is established.[13] 1791 – American troops destroy the Miami town of Kenapacomaqua near the site of present-day Logansport, Indiana in the Northwest Indian War.[14] 1794 – U.S. President George Washington invokes the Militia Acts of 1792 to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania.[15] 1819 – Simón Bolívar triumphs over Spain in the Battle of Boyacá.[16] 1858 – The first Australian rules football match is played between Melbourne Grammar and Scotch College.[17] 1890 – Anna Månsdotter, found guilty of the 1889 Yngsjö murder, became the last woman to be executed in Sweden.[18][better source needed] 1901–present 1909 – Alice Huyler Ramsey and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip, taking 59 days to travel from New York, New York to San Francisco, California.[19] 1927 – The Peace Bridge opens between Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York.[20] 1930 – The last confirmed lynching of black people in the Northern United States occurs in Marion, Indiana; two men, Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, are killed.[21] 1933 – The Kingdom of Iraq slaughters over 3,000 Assyrians in the village of Simele. This date is recognized as Martyrs Day or National Day of Mourning by the Assyrian community in memory of the Simele massacre.[22] 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Guadalcanal begins as the United States Marines initiate the first American offensive of the war with landings on Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the Solomon Islands.[23] 1944 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).[24] 1946 – The government of the Soviet Union presented a note to its Turkish counterparts which refuted the latter's sovereignty over the Turkish Straits, thus beginning the Turkish Straits crisis.[25] 1947 – Thor Heyerdahl's balsa wood raft, the Kon-Tiki, smashes into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101-day, 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) journey across the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to prove that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from South America.[26] 1947 – The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).[27] 1959 – Explorer program: Explorer 6 launches from the Atlantic Missile Range in Cape Canaveral, Florida.[28] 1960 – Ivory Coast becomes independent from France.[29] 1962 – Canadian-born American pharmacologist Frances Oldham Kelsey is awarded the U.S. President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service for her refusal to authorize thalidomide.[30] 1964 – Vietnam War: The U.S. Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson broad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on American forces.[31][32] 1969 – Richard Nixon appoints Luis R. Bruce, a Mohawk-Oglala Sioux and co-founder of the National Congress of American Indians, as the new commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[12] 1970 – California judge Harold Haley is taken hostage in his courtroom and killed during an effort to free George Jackson from police custody.[33] 1974 – Philippe Petit performs a high wire act between the twin towers of the World Trade Center 1,368 feet (417 m) in the air.[34] 1976 – Viking program: Viking 2 enters orbit around Mars.[35] 1978 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter declares a federal emergency at Love Canal due to toxic waste that had been disposed of negligently.[36] 1981 – The Washington Star ceases all operations after 128 years of publication.[37] 1985 – Takao Doi, Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts.[38] 1987 – Cold War: Lynne Cox becomes the first person to swim from the United States to the Soviet Union, crossing the Bering Strait from Little Diomede Island in Alaska to Big Diomede in the Soviet Union.[39] 1989 – U.S. Congressman Mickey Leland (D-TX) and 15 others die in a plane crash in Ethiopia.[40] 1990 – First American soldiers arrive in Saudi Arabia as part of the Gulf War.[41] 1993 – Ada Deer, a Menominee activist, is sworn in as the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[12] 1995 – The Chilean government declares state of emergency in the southern half of the country in response to an event of intense, cold, wind, rain and snowfall known as the White Earthquake.[42] 1997 – Space Shuttle Program: The Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-85 from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.[43] 1997 – Fine Air Flight 101 crashes after takeoff from Miami International Airport, killing five people.[44] 1998 – Bombings at United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya kill approximately 212 people.[45] 1999 – The Chechnya-based Islamic International Brigade invades neighboring Dagestan.[46] 2007 – At AT&T Park, Barry Bonds hits his 756th career home run to surpass Hank Aaron's 33-year-old record.[47] 2008 – The start of the Russo-Georgian War over the territory of South Ossetia.[48] 2020 – Air India Express Flight 1344 overshoots the runway at Calicut International Airport in the Malappuram district of Kerala, India, and crashes, killing 21 of the 190 people on board.[49] Births Pre-1600 317 – Constantius II, Roman emperor (d. 361) 1282 – Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (d. 1316) 1533 – Alonso de Ercilla, Spanish soldier and poet (d. 1595) 1560 – Elizabeth Báthory, Hungarian aristocrat and purported serial killer (d. 1614)[50] 1571 – Thomas Lupo, English viol player and composer (d. 1627) 1574 – Robert Dudley, English explorer and cartographer (d. 1649) 1598 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet and linguist (d. 1672) 1601–1900 1613 – William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Dutch stadtholder (d. 1664) 1702 – Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (d. 1748) 1726 – James Bowdoin, American banker and politician, 2nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1790) 1742 – Nathanael Greene, American general (d. 1786) 1751 – Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange (d. 1820) 1779 – Carl Ritter, German geographer and academic (d. 1859) 1826 – August Ahlqvist, Finnish professor, poet, scholar of the Finno-Ugric languages, author, and literary critic (d. 1889)[51] 1844 – Auguste Michel-Lévy, French geologist and author (d. 1911) 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer and author (d. 1917) 1862 – Henri Le Sidaner, French painter (d. 1939) 1862 – Victoria of Baden (d. 1931) 1867 – Emil Nolde, Danish-German painter and illustrator (d. 1956) 1868 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian-German economist and statistician (d. 1931) 1868 – Huntley Wright, English actor (d. 1941) 1869 – Mary Frances Winston, American mathematician (d. 1959)[52] 1876 – Mata Hari, Dutch dancer and spy (d. 1917) 1879 – Johannes Kotze, South African cricketer (d. 1931) 1884 – Billie Burke, American actress and singer (d. 1970) 1884 – Nikolai Triik, Estonian painter and illustrator (d. 1940) 1887 – Anna Elisabet Weirauch, German author and playwright (d. 1970) 1890 – Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, American author and activist (d. 1964) 1901–present 1901 – Ann Harding, American actress and singer (d. 1981) 1903 – Louis Leakey, Kenyan-English palaeontologist and archaeologist (d. 1972) 1904 – Ralph Bunche, American political scientist, academic, and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) 1907 – Albert Kotin, Belarusian-American soldier and painter (d. 1980) 1910 – Freddie Slack, American pianist and bandleader (d. 1965) 1911 – István Bibó, Hungarian lawyer and politician (d. 1979) 1911 – Nicholas Ray, American director and screenwriter (d. 1979) 1913 – George Van Eps, American guitarist (d. 1998) 1916 – Kermit Love, American actor, puppeteer, and costume designer (d. 2008) 1918 – C. Buddingh', Dutch poet and translator (d. 1985) 1918 – Gordon Zahn, American sociologist and author (d. 2007) 1921 – Manitas de Plata, French guitarist (d. 2014) 1921 – Karel Husa, Czech-American composer and conductor (d. 2016) 1924 – Kenneth Kendall, Indian-English journalist and actor (d. 2012) 1925 – Felice Bryant, American songwriter (d. 2003) 1926 – Stan Freberg, American puppeteer, voice actor, and singer (d. 2015) 1927 – Rocky Bridges, American baseball player and coach (d. 2015) 1927 – Edwin Edwards, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of Louisiana (d. 2021)[53] 1927 – Art Houtteman, American baseball player and journalist (d. 2003) 1928 – Betsy Byars, American author and academic (d. 2020) 1928 – Owen Luder, English architect, designed Tricorn Centre and Trinity Square (d. 2021) 1928 – James Randi, Canadian-American stage magician and author (d. 2020)[54] 1929 – Don Larsen, American baseball player (d. 2020) 1930 – Togrul Narimanbekov, Azerbaijani-French painter and academic (d. 2013) 1930 – Veljo Tormis, Estonian composer and educator (d. 2017) 1931 – Jack Good, British television producer (d. 2017) 1931 – Charles E. Rice, American scholar and author (d. 2015) 1932 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian runner (d. 1973) 1932 – Edward Hardwicke, English actor (d. 2011) 1932 – Rien Poortvliet, Dutch painter and illustrator (d. 1995) 1932 – Maurice Rabb, Jr., American ophthalmologist and academic (d. 2005) 1933 – Eddie Firmani, South African footballer and manager 1933 – Elinor Ostrom, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012) 1933 – Jerry Pournelle, American journalist and author (d. 2017) 1933 – Alberto Romulo, Filipino politician and diplomat 1934 – Sándor Simó, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001) 1935 – Lee Corso, American college football coach and broadcaster[55] 1935 – Rahsaan Roland Kirk, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1977) 1937 – Zoltán Berczik, Hungarian table tennis player and coach (d. 2011) 1937 – Don Wilson, English cricketer and coach (d. 2012) 1938 – Giorgetto Giugiaro, Italian automotive designer[56] 1940 – Jean-Luc Dehaene, French-Belgian lawyer and politician, 63rd Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2014) 1940 – Uwe Nettelbeck, German record producer, journalist and film critic (d. 2007)[57] 1941 – Matthew Evans, Baron Evans of Temple Guiting, English publisher and politician (d. 2016) 1942 – Garrison Keillor, American humorist, novelist, short story writer, and radio host 1942 – Carlos Monzón, Argentinian boxer and actor (d. 1995) 1942 – Caetano Veloso, Brazilian singer-songwriter, writer and producer 1942 – Richard Sykes, English biochemist and academic 1942 – B. J. Thomas, American singer (d. 2021)[58] 1943 – Mohammed Badie, Egyptian religious leader 1943 – Lana Cantrell, Australian singer-songwriter and lawyer 1943 – Alain Corneau, French director and screenwriter (d. 2010) 1944 – John Glover, American actor 1944 – Robert Mueller, American soldier and lawyer, 6th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 1945 – Kenny Ireland, Scottish actor and director (d. 2014) 1945 – Alan Page, American football player and jurist 1947 – Franciscus Henri, Dutch-Australian singer-songwriter 1947 – Sofia Rotaru, Ukrainian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress 1948 – Marty Appel, American businessman and author 1948 – Greg Chappell, Australian cricketer and coach 1949 – Walid Jumblatt, Lebanese journalist and politician 1949 – Matthew Parris, South African-English journalist and politician 1950 – Rodney Crowell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1950 – Alan Keyes, American politician and diplomat, 16th Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs 1950 – S. Thandayuthapani, Sri Lankan educator and politician 1952 – Caroline Aaron, American actress and producer 1952 – Eamonn Darcy, Irish golfer 1952 – Kees Kist, Dutch footballer 1952 – Alexei Sayle, English comedian, actor, and author 1953 – Anne Fadiman, American journalist and author 1954 – Valery Gazzaev, Russian footballer, manager and politician 1954 – Jonathan Pollard, Israeli spy 1954 – Alan Reid, Scottish politician 1955 – Wayne Knight, American actor, comedian and voice actor 1955 – Greg Nickels, American lawyer and politician, 51st Mayor of Seattle 1955 – Vladimir Sorokin, Russian author and playwright 1957 – Daire Brehan, Irish journalist, lawyer, and actress (d. 2012) 1957 – Alexander Dityatin, Russian gymnast and colonel 1958 – Russell Baze, Canadian-American jockey 1958 – Bruce Dickinson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1958 – Alberto Salazar, Cuban-American runner and coach 1959 – Koenraad Elst, Belgian orientalist and author 1959 – Ali Shah, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach 1960 – David Duchovny, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1961 – Brian Conley, English actor and singer 1961 – Yelena Davydova, Russian gymnast 1961 – Walter Swinburn, English jockey and trainer (d. 2016) 1961 – Carlos Vives, Colombian singer, songwriter, and actor[59] 1962 – Alison Brown, American banjo player, songwriter, and producer 1963 – Paul Dunn, Australian rugby league player 1963 – Nick Gillespie, American journalist and author 1963 – Marcus Roberts, American pianist and educator 1964 – John Birmingham, English-Australian journalist and author 1964 – Ian Dench, English guitarist and songwriter 1964 – Peter Niven, Scottish jockey 1965 – Raul Malo, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1965 – Elizabeth Manley, Canadian figure skater 1966 – David Cairns, Scottish laicised priest and politician, Minister of State for Scotland (d. 2011) 1966 – Shobna Gulati, British actress 1966 – Kristin Hersh, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1966 – Jimmy Wales, American-British entrepreneur, co-founder of Wikipedia 1967 – Jason Grimsley, American baseball player 1968 – Francesca Gregorini, Italian-American director and screenwriter 1968 – Trevor Hendy, Australian surfer and coach 1968 – Sophie Lee, Australian actress and author 1969 – Markus Bundi, Swiss writer[60] 1969 – Paul Lambert, Scottish footballer and manager 1969 – Dana G. Peleg, Israeli writer and LGBT activist 1970 – Eric Namesnik, American swimmer (d. 2006) 1971 – Dominic Cork, England cricketer and sportscaster 1971 – Rachel York, American actress and singer 1972 – Gerry Peñalosa, Filipino boxer and promoter 1973 – Mikhail Gorsheniov, Russian singer-songwriter (d. 2013) 1973 – Danny Graves, Vietnamese-American baseball player 1973 – Kevin Muscat, English-Australian footballer, coach, and manager 1974 – Chico Benymon, American actor 1974 – Michael Shannon, American actor 1975 – Koray Candemir, Turkish singer-songwriter 1975 – Gerard Denton, Australian cricketer 1975 – Megan Gale, Australian model and actress 1975 – Ray Hill, American football player (d. 2015) 1975 – Rebecca Kleefisch, American journalist and politician, 44th Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin 1975 – Édgar Rentería, Colombian baseball player 1975 – Charlize Theron, South African actress[61][62] 1976 – Dimitrios Eleftheropoulos, Greek footballer and manager 1976 – Shane Lechler, American football player 1977 – Charlotte Ronson, English fashion designer 1977 – Samantha Ronson, English singer-songwriter and DJ 1977 – Justin Brooker, Rugby League Player 1978 – Alexandre Aja, French director, producer, and screenwriter 1978 – Jamey Jasta, American singer-songwriter 1978 – Mark McCammon, English-Barbadian footballer 1978 – Cirroc Lofton, American actor 1979 – Eric Johnson, American actor, director, and screenwriter 1979 – Miguel Llera, Spanish footballer 1979 – Birgit Zotz, Austrian anthropologist and author 1980 – Carsten Busch, German footballer 1980 – Aurélie Claudel, French model and actress 1980 – Tácio Caetano Cruz Queiroz, Brazilian footballer 1980 – Seiichiro Maki, Japanese footballer 1981 – David Testo, American soccer player 1981 – Randy Wayne, American actor and producer 1982 – Ángeles Balbiani, Argentine actress and singer 1982 – Abbie Cornish, Australian actress 1982 – Juan Martín Hernández, Argentine rugby player 1982 – Marquise Hill, American football player (d. 2007) 1982 – Vassilis Spanoulis, Greek basketball player 1982 – Martin Vučić, Macedonian singer and drummer 1983 – Christian Chávez, Mexican singer-songwriter and actor 1983 – Murat Dalkılıç, Turkish singer-songwriter 1983 – Danny, Portuguese footballer 1983 – Andriy Hrivko, Ukrainian cyclist 1983 – Mark Pettini, English cricketer and journalist 1984 – Stratos Perperoglou, Greek basketball player 1984 – Tooba Siddiqui, Pakistani model and actress 1984 – Yun Hyon-seok, South Korean poet and author (d. 2003) 1986 – Paul Biedermann, German swimmer 1986 – Valter Birsa, Slovenian footballer 1986 – Altaír Jarabo, Mexican model and actress 1986 – Juan de la Rosa, Mexican boxer 1987 – Sidney Crosby, Canadian ice hockey player 1987 – Mustapha Dumbuya, Sierra Leonean footballer 1987 – Ryan Lavarnway, American baseball player 1987 – Rouven Sattelmaier, German footballer 1988 – Jonathan Bernier, Canadian ice hockey player 1988 – Mohamed Coulibaly, Senegalese footballer 1988 – Anisa Mohammed, West Indian cricketer 1988 – Melody Oliveria, American blogger 1988 – Erik Pieters, Dutch footballer 1988 – Beanie Wells, American football player 1989 – DeMar DeRozan, American basketball player 1990 – Jake Allen, Canadian ice hockey player[63] 1990 – Josh Franceschi, English singer-songwriter 1991 – Luis Salom, Spanish motorcycle racer (d. 2016) 1991 – Mitchell te Vrede, Dutch footballer 1991 – Mike Trout, American baseball player 1992 – Adam Yates, English cyclist 1992 – Simon Yates, English cyclist 1992 – E. J. Tackett, American bowler 1992 – Wout Weghorst, Dutch footballer[64] 1993 – Francesca Eastwood, American actress and television personality[65] 1993 – Martti Nõmme, Estonian ski jumper 1993 – Karol Zalewski, Polish sprinter 1997 – Matty Cash, Polish footballer[66] 1997 – Kyler Murray, American football player[67] 1998 – Vladimir Barbu, Italian diver 1998 – María Belén Bazo, Peruvian windsurfer[68] 1998 – Jalen Hurts, American football player[69] 1999 – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone, American hurdler and sprinter[70] 2000 – Lauren Hemp, English footballer[71] Deaths Pre-1600 461 – Majorian, Roman emperor (b. 420) 707 – Li Chongjun, Chinese prince 1028 – Alfonso V, king of León (b. 994) 1106 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1050) 1234 – Hugh Foliot, bishop of Hereford (b. c. 1155) 1272 – Richard Middleton, English Lord Chancellor 1296 – Heinrich II von Rotteneck, prince-bishop of Regensburg 1385 – Joan of Kent, mother of Richard II (b. 1328) 1485 – Alexander Stewart, duke of Albany (b. 1454) 1547 – Cajetan, Italian priest and saint (b. 1480) 1601–1900 1613 – Thomas Fleming, English judge and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1544) 1616 – Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect, designed Teatro Olimpico (b. 1548) 1632 – Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford, English soldier (b. 1575) 1635 – Friedrich Spee, German poet and academic (b. 1591) 1639 – Martin van den Hove, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1605) 1661 – Jin Shengtan, Chinese journalist and critic (b. 1608) 1787 – Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist (b. 1705) 1817 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French economist and politician (b. 1739) 1834 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French weaver and inventor, invented the Jacquard loom (b. 1752) 1848 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist and academic (b. 1779)[72] 1855 – Mariano Arista, Mexican general and politician, 19th President of Mexico (b. 1802) 1864 – Li Xiucheng, Chinese field marshal (b. 1823) 1893 – Alfredo Catalani, Italian composer and academic (b. 1854) 1899 – Jacob Maris, Dutch painter and educator (b. 1837) 1900 – Wilhelm Liebknecht, German lawyer and politician (b. 1826) 1901–present 1912 – François-Alphonse Forel, Swiss limnologist and academic (b. 1841) 1917 – Edwin Harris Dunning, South African-English commander and pilot (b. 1891) 1938 – Konstantin Stanislavski, Russian actor and director (b. 1863) 1941 – Rabindranath Tagore, Indian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861) 1948 – Charles Bryant, English-American actor and director (b. 1879) 1953 – Abner Powell, American baseball player and manager (b. 1860) 1957 – Oliver Hardy, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1892) 1958 – Elizabeth Foreman Lewis, American author and educator (b. 1892)[73] 1960 – Luis Ángel Firpo, Argentine boxer (b. 1894) 1963 – Ramon Vila Capdevila, last of the Spanish Maquis, holding out after the end of the Spanish Civil War (b. 1908)[74] 1968 – Giovanni Bracco, Italian race car driver (b. 1908) 1969 – Jean Bastien, French professional footballer (b. 1915) 1969 – Joseph Kosma, Hungarian-French composer (b. 1905) 1970 – Harold Haley, American lawyer and judge (b. 1904) 1970 – Jonathan P. Jackson, American bodyguard and kidnapper (b. 1953) 1972 – Joi Lansing, American model, actress, and singer (b. 1929) 1973 – Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (b. 1895) 1974 – Rosario Castellanos, Mexican poet and author (b. 1925) 1974 – Sylvio Mantha, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1902) 1978 – Eddie Calvert, English trumpeter (b. 1922) 1981 – Gunnar Uusi, Estonian chess player (b. 1931) 1985 – Grayson Hall, American actress (b. 1922) 1987 – Camille Chamoun, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Lebanon (b. 1900) 1989 – Mickey Leland, American lawyer and politician (b. 1944) 1994 – Larry Martyn, English actor (b. 1934) 1995 – Brigid Brophy, English author and critic (b. 1929)[75] 2001 – Algirdas Lauritėnas, Lithuanian basketball player (b. 1932) 2003 – K. D. Arulpragasam, Sri Lankan zoologist and academic (b. 1931) 2003 – Mickey McDermott, American baseball player and coach (b. 1929) 2004 – Red Adair, American firefighter (b. 1915) 2004 – Colin Bibby, English ornithologist and academic (b. 1948) 2005 – Peter Jennings, Canadian-American journalist and author (b. 1938) 2005 – Ester Šimerová-Martinčeková, Slovak painter (b. 1909)[76] 2006 – Mary Anderson Bain, American lawyer and politician (b. 1911) 2007 – Ernesto Alonso, Mexican actor, director, and producer (b. 1917) 2007 – Angus Tait, New Zealand businessman, founded Tait Communications (b. 1919) 2008 – Bernie Brillstein, American talent agent and producer (b. 1931) 2008 – Andrea Pininfarina, Italian engineer and businessman (b. 1957) 2009 – Louis E. Saavedra, American educator and politician, 48th Mayor of Albuquerque (b. 1933) 2009 – Mike Seeger, American singer-songwriter (b. 1933) 2010 – John Nelder, English mathematician and statistician (b. 1924) 2011 – Mark Hatfield, American soldier, academic, and politician, 29th Governor of Oregon (b. 1922) 2011 – Nancy Wake, New Zealand-English captain and spy (b. 1912) 2012 – Murtuz Alasgarov, Azerbaijani academic and politician, Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (b. 1928) 2012 – Judith Crist, American critic and academic (b. 1922) 2012 – Vladimir Kobzev, Russian footballer and coach (b. 1959) 2012 – Anna Piaggi, Italian journalist and author (b. 1931) 2012 – Mayer Zald, American sociologist and academic (b. 1931) 2012 – Dušan Zbavitel, Czech indologist and author (b. 1925) 2013 – Samuel G. Armistead, American linguist, historian, and academic (b. 1927) 2013 – Almir Kayumov, Russian footballer (b. 1964) 2013 – Anthony Pawson, English-Canadian biologist, chemist, and academic (b. 1952) 2013 – Margaret Pellegrini, American actress and dancer (b. 1923) 2013 – Meeli Truu, Estonian architect (b. 1946) 2013 – Alexander Yagubkin, Russian boxer (b. 1961) 2014 – Víctor Fayad, Argentine lawyer and politician (b. 1955) 2014 – Perry Moss, American football player and coach (b. 1926) 2014 – Henry Stone, American record producer (b. 1921) 2015 – Manuel Contreras, Chilean general (b. 1929) 2015 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian pharmacologist and physician (b. 1914) 2015 – Louise Suggs, American golfer, co-founded LPGA (b. 1923) 2016 – Bryan Clauson, American racing driver (b. 1989) 2017 – Don Baylor, American baseball player (b. 1949) 2017 – David Maslanka, American composer (b. 1943) 2018 – M. Karunanidhi, Indian politician, former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister and prominent leader of Tamils (b. 1924) 2018 – Stan Mikita, Slovak hockey player (b. 1940)[77] 2019 – David Berman, American musician, singer, poet and cartoonist (b. 1967)[78] 2020 – Lê Khả Phiêu, Vietnamese politician (b. 1931)[79] 2021 – Markie Post, American actress (b. 1950)[80] 2021 – Trevor Moore, American comedian (b. 1980)[81] 2022 – David McCullough, American historian and author (b. 1933)[82] 2023 – William Friedkin, American film director (b. 1935)[83] Holidays and observances Assyrian Martyrs Day (Assyrian community)[84] Battle of Boyacá Day (Colombia)[85] Christian feast day: Albert of Trapani Cajetan of Thienna Carpophorus and companions Dometius of Persia Donatus of Arezzo Donatus of Besançon Donatus of Muenstereifel John Mason Neale (Episcopal Church (USA)) Nantovinus Pope Sixtus II August 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Filseta (Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church)[86] Emancipation Day (Saint Kitts and Nevis) Republic Day (Ivory Coast) Youth Day (Kiribati) National Purple Heart Day (United States)[87]

August 6 is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 147 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.[1] 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.[2] 1601–1900 1661 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.[3] 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The bloody Battle of Oriskany prevents American relief of the Siege of Fort Stanwix.[4] 1787 – Sixty proof sheets of the Constitution of the United States are delivered to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1806 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares the moribund empire to be dissolved, although he retains power in the Austrian Empire.[5] 1819 – Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States. 1824 – Peruvian War of Independence: Patriot forces led by Simón Bolívar defeat the Spanish Royalist army in the Battle of Junín.[6] 1825 – The Bolivian Declaration of Independence is proclaimed. 1861 – Britain imposes the Lagos Treaty of Cession to suppress slavery in what is now Nigeria. 1862 – American Civil War: The Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering catastrophic engine failure near Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Spicheren is fought, resulting in a German victory. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Wörth results in a decisive German victory. 1890 – At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair. 1901–present 1901 – Kiowa land in Oklahoma is opened for white settlement, effectively dissolving the contiguous reservation. 1914 – World War I: U-boat campaign: Two days after the United Kingdom had declared war on Germany over the German invasion of Belgium, ten German U-boats leave their base in Heligoland to attack Royal Navy warships in the North Sea. 1914 – World War I: Serbia declares war on Germany; Austria declares war on Russia. 1915 – World War I: Battle of Sari Bair: The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay. 1917 – World War I: Battle of Mărășești between the Romanian and German armies begins. 1926 – Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim across the English Channel. 1926 – First public screening using the Vitaphone process[7] 1940 – Estonia is annexed by the Soviet Union.[8] 1942 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress. 1944 – The Warsaw Uprising occurs on August 1. It is brutally suppressed and all able-bodied men in Kraków are detained afterwards to prevent a similar uprising, the Kraków Uprising, that was planned but never carried out. 1945 – World War II: Hiroshima, Japan is devastated when the atomic bomb "Little Boy" is dropped by the United States B-29 Enola Gay. Around 70,000 people are killed instantly, and some tens of thousands die in subsequent years from burns and radiation poisoning. 1956 – After going bankrupt in 1955, the American broadcaster DuMont Television Network makes its final broadcast, a boxing match from St. Nicholas Arena in New York in the Boxing from St. Nicholas Arena series. 1958 – Law of Permanent Defense of Democracy, outlawing the Communist Party of Chile and banning 26,650 persons from the electoral lists,[9] is repealed in Chile.[10] 1960 – Cuban Revolution: Cuba nationalizes American and foreign-owned property in the nation. 1962 – Jamaica becomes independent from the United Kingdom.[11] 1965 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law. 1986 – A low-pressure system that redeveloped off the New South Wales coast dumps a record 328 millimeters (13 inches) of rain in a day on Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1990 – Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. 1991 – Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW makes its first appearance as a publicly available service on the Internet. 1991 – Takako Doi, chair of the Social Democratic Party, becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives. 1996 – NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms. 1997 – Korean Air Flight 801 crashed at Nimitz Hill, Guam, killing 229 of the 254 people on board.[12] 2001 – Erwadi fire incident: Twenty-eight mentally ill persons tied to a chain are burnt to death at a faith based institution at Erwadi, Tamil Nadu.[13] 2008 – A military junta led by Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz stages a coup d'état in Mauritania, overthrowing president Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. 2010 – Flash floods across a large part of Jammu and Kashmir, India, damages 71 towns and kills at least 255 people. 2011 – War in Afghanistan: A United States military helicopter is shot down, killing 30 American special forces members and a working dog, seven Afghan soldiers, and one Afghan civilian. It was the deadliest single event for the United States in the War in Afghanistan. 2012 – NASA's Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars.[14] 2015 – A suicide bomb attack kills at least 15 people at a mosque in the Saudi city of Abha.[15] Births Pre-1600 1180 – Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (d. 1239) 1504 – Matthew Parker, English archbishop (d. 1575) 1572 – Fakhr-al-Din II, Druze emir (d. 1635) 1601–1900 1605 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (d. 1675) 1609 – Richard Bennett, English-American politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1675) 1619 – Barbara Strozzi, Italian composer and singer-songwriter (d. 1677)[16] 1622 – Tjerk Hiddes de Vries, Dutch admiral (d. 1666) 1638 – Nicolas Malebranche, French priest and philosopher (d. 1715) 1644 – Louise de La Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France (d. 1710)[17] 1651 – François Fénelon, French archbishop and poet (d. 1715) 1656 – Claude de Forbin, French general (d. 1733) 1666 – Maria Sophia of Neuburg (d. 1699) 1667 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748) 1697 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745) 1715 – Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French author (d. 1747) 1765 – Petros Mavromichalis, Greek general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1848) 1766 – William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist and physicist (d. 1828) 1768 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French general and politician (d. 1813) 1775 – Daniel O'Connell, Irish lawyer and politician, Lord Mayor of Dublin (d. 1847) 1809 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet (d. 1892)[18] 1826 – Thomas Alexander Browne, English-Australian author (d. 1915) 1835 – Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist (d. 1900) 1844 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900)[19] 1844 – James Henry Greathead, South African-English engineer (d. 1896) 1848 – Susie Taylor, American writer and first black Army nurse (d. 1912)[20] 1846 – Anna Haining Bates, Canadian-American giant (d. 1888) 1868 – Paul Claudel, French poet and playwright (d. 1955)[21] 1874 – Charles Fort, American author (d. 1932) 1877 – Wallace H. White Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1952) 1880 – Hans Moser, Austrian actor and singer (d. 1964) 1881 – Leo Carrillo, American actor (d. 1961) 1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)[22] 1881 – Louella Parsons, American journalist (d. 1972) 1883 – Constance Georgina Adams, South African botanist (d. 1968)[23] 1883 – Scott Nearing, American economist and educator (d. 1983) 1886 – Edward Ballantine, American composer and academic (d. 1971) 1887 – Dudley Benjafield, English racing driver (d. 1957) 1889 – George Kenney, Canadian-American general (d. 1977) 1889 – John Middleton Murry, English poet and author (d. 1957) 1891 – William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, English field marshal and politician, 13th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1970) 1895 – Frank Nicklin, Australian politician, 28th Premier of Queensland (d. 1978) 1900 – Cecil Howard Green, English-American geophysicist and businessman, co-founded Texas Instruments (d. 2003) 1901–present 1901 – Dutch Schultz, American gangster (d. 1935) 1903 – Virginia Foster Durr, American civil rights activist (d. 1999)[24] 1904 – Jean Dessès, Greek-Egyptian fashion designer (d. 1970) 1904 – Henry Iba, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993) 1906 – Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (d. 1984) 1908 – Maria Ludwika Bernhard, Polish classical archaeologist and a member of WWII Polish resistance (d. 1998)[25] 1908 – Helen Jacobs, American tennis player and commander (d. 1997) 1908 – Lajos Vajda, Hungarian painter and illustrator (d. 1941) 1909 – Diana Keppel, Countess of Albemarle (d. 2013) 1910 – Adoniran Barbosa, Brazilian musician, singer, composer, humorist, and actor (d. 1982) 1910 – Charles Crichton, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999) 1911 – Lucille Ball, American actress, television producer and businesswoman (d. 1989)[26] 1911 – Norman Gordon, South African cricketer (d. 2014) 1911 – Constance Heaven, English author and actress (d. 1995) 1912 – Richard C. Miller, American photographer (d. 2010) 1914 – Gordon Freeth, Australian lawyer and politician, 24th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (d. 2001) 1916 – Richard Hofstadter, American historian and academic (d. 1970) 1916 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese journalist and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 2012) 1917 – Barbara Cooney, American author and illustrator (d. 2000) 1917 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997) 1918 – Norman Granz, American-Swiss record producer and manager (d. 2001) 1919 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (d. 2011) 1920 – John Graves, American author (d. 2013) 1920 – Ella Raines, American actress (d. 1988) 1922 – Freddie Laker, English businessman, founded Laker Airways (d. 2006) 1922 – Dan Walker, American lawyer and politician, 36th Governor of Illinois (d. 2015) 1923 – Jess Collins, American painter (d. 2004) 1923 – Paul Hellyer, Canadian engineer and politician, 16th Canadian Minister of Defence (d. 2021) 1924 – Samuel Bowers, American white supremacist, co-founded the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 2006) 1926 – Elisabeth Beresford, English journalist and author (d. 2010)[27] 1926 – Frank Finlay, English actor (d. 2016) 1926 – Clem Labine, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007) 1926 – János Rózsás, Hungarian author (d. 2012) 1926 – Norman Wexler, American screenwriter (d. 1999) 1928 – Herb Moford, American baseball player (d. 2005) 1928 – Andy Warhol, American painter, photographer and film director (d. 1987) 1929 – Mike Elliott, Jamaican saxophonist 1929 – Roch La Salle, Canadian politician, 42nd Canadian Minister of Public Works (d. 2007) 1930 – Abbey Lincoln, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2010) 1931 – Chalmers Johnson, American scholar and author (d. 2010) 1932 – Michael Deeley, English screenwriter and producer 1932 – Howard Hodgkin, English painter (d. 2017)[28] 1932 – Charles Wood, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2020)[29] 1933 – A. G. Kripal Singh, Indian cricketer (d. 1987) 1934 – Piers Anthony, English-American soldier and author 1934 – Chris Bonington, English mountaineer and author 1934 – Billy Boston, Welsh rugby player and soldier 1935 – Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal (d. 2012) 1935 – Octavio Getino, Spanish-Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 2012) 1937 – Baden Powell de Aquino, Brazilian guitarist and composer (d. 2000) 1937 – Charlie Haden, American bassist and composer (d. 2014) 1937 – Barbara Windsor, English actress (d. 2020)[30] 1938 – Paul Bartel, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2000) 1938 – Peter Bonerz, American actor and director 1938 – Bert Yancey, American golfer (d. 1994) 1940 – Mukhu Aliyev, Russian philologist and politician, 2nd President of Dagestan 1940 – Egil Kapstad, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 2017) 1940 – Louise Sorel, American actress 1941 – Ray Culp, American baseball player 1942 – Byard Lancaster, American saxophonist and flute player (d. 2012) 1943 – Jon Postel, American computer scientist and academic (d. 1998) 1944 – Inday Badiday, Filipino journalist and actress (d. 2003) 1944 – Michael Mingos, English chemist and academic 1944 – Martin Wharton, English bishop 1945 – Ron Jones, English director and production manager (d. 1993) 1946 – Allan Holdsworth, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2017) 1947 – Radhia Cousot, French computer scientist and academic (d. 2014) 1949 – Dino Bravo, Italian-Canadian wrestler (d. 1993) 1950 – Dorian Harewood, American actor 1951 – Catherine Hicks, American actress 1951 – Daryl Somers, Australian television host and singer 1952 – Pat MacDonald, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1952 – David McLetchie, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 2013) 1952 – Ton Scherpenzeel, Dutch keyboard player, songwriter, and producer 1954 – Mark Hughes, English-Australian rugby league player 1956 – Bill Emmott, English journalist and author 1957 – Bob Horner, American baseball player 1957 – Jim McGreevey, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New Jersey 1958 – Randy DeBarge, American singer-songwriter and bass player 1959 – Rajendra Singh, Indian environmentalist 1959 – Joyce Sims, American singer (d. 2022)[31] 1960 – Dale Ellis, American basketball player 1961 – Mary Ann Sieghart, English journalist and radio host[32] 1962 – Michelle Yeoh, Malaysian-Hong Kong actress and producer[33] 1963 – Charles Ingram, English soldier, author, and game show contestant 1963 – Kevin Mitnick, American computer security consultant, author, and convicted hacker (d. 2023)[34] 1964 – Kemi Omololu-Olunloyo, Nigerian journalist, activist, social media expert, and pharmacist 1965 – Stéphane Peterhansel, French racing driver 1965 – Yuki Kajiura, Japanese pianist and composer 1965 – David Robinson, American basketball player and lieutenant[35] 1965 – Vince Wells, English cricketer 1967 – Lorna Fitzsimons, English businesswoman and politician 1967 – Mike Greenberg, American journalist and sportscaster 1967 – Julie Snyder, Canadian talk show host and producer 1968 – Jack de Gier, Dutch footballer 1969 – Simon Doull, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster 1969 – Elliott Smith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003) 1970 – M. Night Shyamalan, Indian-American director, producer, and screenwriter 1972 – Geri Halliwell, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress 1972 – Ray Lucas, American football player and sportscaster 1972 – Jason O'Mara, Irish actor[36] 1973 – Vera Farmiga, American actress[36] 1973 – Stuart O'Grady, Australian cyclist 1974 – Ever Carradine, American actress[36] 1974 – Bobby Petta, Dutch footballer 1974 – Luis Vizcaíno, Dominican baseball player 1974 – Alvin Williams, American basketball player and coach 1975 – Jason Crump, English-Australian motorcycle racer 1975 – Renate Götschl, Austrian skier 1975 – Víctor Zambrano, Venezuelan baseball player 1976 – Soleil Moon Frye, American actress[36] 1976 – Melissa George, Australian-American actress[36] 1977 – Leandro Amaral, Brazilian footballer 1977 – Jimmy Nielsen, Danish footballer and manager 1977 – Luciano Zavagno, Argentinian footballer 1978 – Marvel Smith, American football player 1979 – Francesco Bellotti, Italian cyclist 1979 – Jaime Correa, Mexican footballer 1979 – Travis Reed, American basketball player 1981 – Leslie Odom Jr., American actor and singer[36] 1981 – Diána Póth, Hungarian figure skater 1983 – Robin van Persie, Dutch footballer 1984 – Vedad Ibišević, Bosnian footballer 1984 – Maja Ognjenović, Serbian volleyball player[37] 1984 – Jesse Ryder, New Zealand cricketer[38] 1985 – Mickaël Delage, French cyclist[39] 1985 – Bafétimbi Gomis, French footballer[40] 1985 – Garrett Weber-Gale, American swimmer[41] 1986 – Raphael Pyrasch, German rugby player[42] 1987 – Leanne Crichton, Scottish footballer[43] 1991 – Wilmer Flores, Venezuelan baseball player[44] 1991 – Jiao Liuyang, Chinese swimmer[45] 1995 – Rebecca Peterson, Swedish tennis player[46] 1999 – Hunter Greene, American baseball player[47] 1999 – Rebeka Masarova, Spanish-Swiss tennis player[48] 2004 – Takhmina Ikromova, Uzbekistani rhythmic gymnast[49] Deaths Pre-1600 258 – Pope Sixtus II[50] 523 – Pope Hormisdas (b. 450)[51] 750 – Marwan II, Umayyad general and caliph (b. 688) 1027 – Richard III, Duke of Normandy 1162 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona (b. 1113) 1195 – Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (b. 1129)[52] 1221 – Saint Dominic, Spanish priest, founded the Dominican Order (b. 1170) 1272 – Stephen V of Hungary (b. 1239) 1384 – Francesco I of Lesbos 1412 – Margherita of Durazzo, Queen consort of Charles III of Naples (b. 1347)[53] 1414 – Ladislaus of Naples (b. 1377) 1458 – Pope Callixtus III (b. 1378) 1530 – Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet (b. 1458) 1553 – Girolamo Fracastoro, Italian physician (b. 1478) 1588 – Josias I, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1578-1588) (b. 1554)[54][55] 1601–1900 1628 – Johannes Junius, German lawyer and politician (b. 1573) 1637 – Ben Jonson, English poet and playwright (b. 1572) 1645 – Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex, English merchant and politician (b. 1575) 1657 – Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ukrainian soldier and politician, 1st Hetman of Zaporizhian Host (b. 1595) 1660 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter and educator (b. 1599) 1666 – Tjerk Hiddes de Vries, Frisian naval hero and commander (b. 1622) 1679 – John Snell, Scottish-English soldier and philanthropist, founded the Snell Exhibition (b. 1629) 1694 – Antoine Arnauld, French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1612) 1695 – François de Harlay de Champvallon, French archbishop (b. 1625) 1753 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Estonian-Russian physicist and academic (b. 1711) 1757 – Ádám Mányoki, Hungarian painter (b. 1673) 1794 – Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst, English lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1714) 1815 – James A. Bayard, American lawyer and politician (b. 1767) 1828 – Konstantin von Benckendorff, Russian general and diplomat (b. 1785) 1850 – Edward Walsh, Irish poet (b. 1805)[56] 1866 – John Mason Neale, English priest, scholar, and hymnwriter (b. 1818) 1881 – James Springer White, American religious leader, co-founded the Seventh-day Adventist Church (b. 1821)[57] 1893 – Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel, Swiss lawyer and politician (b. 1811) 1901–present 1904 – Eduard Hanslick, Austrian author and critic (b. 1825) 1906 – George Waterhouse, English-New Zealand politician, 7th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1824)[58] 1915 – Jennie de la Montagnie Lozier, American physician (b. 1841)[59] 1920 – Stefan Bastyr, Polish pilot and author (b. 1890)[60] 1925 – Surendranath Banerjee, Indian academic and politician (b. 1848) 1925 – Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, Italian mathematician (b. 1853) 1931 – Bix Beiderbecke, American cornet player, pianist, and composer (b. 1903)[61] 1945 – Richard Bong, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1920)[62] 1945 – Hiram Johnson, American lawyer and politician, 23rd Governor of California (b. 1866)[63] 1946 – Tony Lazzeri, American baseball player and coach (b. 1903)[64] 1952 – Betty Allan, Australian statistician and biometrician (b. 1905)[65] 1959 – Preston Sturges, American director, screenwriter, and playwright (b. 1898)[66] 1964 – Cedric Hardwicke, English actor and director (b. 1893) 1969 – Theodor W. Adorno, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1903) 1970 – Nikos Tsiforos, Greek director and screenwriter (b. 1912) 1973 – Fulgencio Batista, Cuban colonel and politician, 9th President of Cuba (b. 1901) 1976 – Gregor Piatigorsky, Russian-American cellist and educator (b. 1903) 1978 – Pope Paul VI (b. 1897)[67][68] 1978 – Edward Durell Stone, American architect, designed Radio City Music Hall and the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (b. 1902)[69] 1979 – Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911) 1983 – Klaus Nomi, German singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1944) 1985 – Forbes Burnham, Guyanese politician, 2nd President of Guyana (b. 1923) 1986 – Emilio Fernández, Mexican actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1904) 1987 – Ira C. Eaker, American general (b. 1896)[70][71] 1990 – Jacques Soustelle, French anthropologist and politician (b. 1912) 1991 – Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian soldier and politician, 74th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1915)[72] 1991 – Roland Michener, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada (b. 1900)[73] 1991 – Harry Reasoner, American journalist, co-created 60 Minutes (b. 1923)[74] 1992 – Leszek Błażyński, Polish boxer (b. 1949) 1993 – Tex Hughson, American baseball player (b. 1916)[75] 1994 – Domenico Modugno, Italian singer-songwriter and politician (b. 1928) 1997 – Shin Ki-ha, South Korean lawyer and politician (b. 1941) 1998 – André Weil, French-American mathematician and academic (b. 1906)[76] 2001 – Jorge Amado, Brazilian novelist and poet (b. 1912)[77] 2001 – Adhar Kumar Chatterji, Indian Naval officer (b. 1914)[78] 2001 – Wilhelm Mohnke, German general (b. 1911) 2001 – Shan Ratnam, Sri Lankan physician and academic (b. 1928)[79] 2001 – Dorothy Tutin, English actress (b. 1930)[80] 2002 – Edsger W. Dijkstra, Dutch physicist, computer scientist, and academic (b. 1930)[81] 2003 – Julius Baker, American flute player and educator (b. 1915)[82] 2004 – Rick James, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1948)[83] 2004 – Donald Justice, American poet and academic (b. 1925)[84] 2005 – Robin Cook, Scottish educator and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (b. 1946)[85] 2005 – Creme Puff, tabby domestic cat, oldest recorded cat (b. 1967)[86] 2007 – Zsolt Daczi, Hungarian guitarist (b. 1969)[87] 2008 – Angelos Kitsos, Greek lawyer and author (b. 1934) 2009 – Riccardo Cassin, Italian mountaineer and author (b. 1909)[88] 2009 – Willy DeVille, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1950)[89] 2009 – John Hughes, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1950)[90] 2011 – Fe del Mundo, Filipino pediatrician and educator (b. 1911)[91] 2012 – Richard Cragun, American-Brazilian ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1944)[92] 2012 – Marvin Hamlisch, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1944)[93] 2012 – Robert Hughes, Australian-American author and critic (b. 1938)[94] 2012 – Bernard Lovell, English physicist and astronomer (b. 1913)[95] 2012 – Mark O'Donnell, American playwright (b. 1954)[96] 2012 – Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist and educator (b. 1918)[97] 2012 – Dan Roundfield, American basketball player (b. 1953)[98] 2013 – Stan Lynde, American author and illustrator (b. 1931)[99] 2013 – Mava Lee Thomas, American baseball player (b. 1929)[100] 2013 – Jerry Wolman, American businessman (b. 1927)[101] 2014 – Ralph Bryans, Northern Irish motorcycle racer (b. 1941)[102] 2014 – Ananda W.P. Guruge, Sri Lankan scholar and diplomat (b. 1928)[103] 2014 – John Woodland Hastings, American biochemist and academic (b. 1927)[104] 2015 – Ray Hill, American football player (b. 1975)[105] 2015 – Orna Porat, German-Israeli actress (b. 1924)[106] 2017 – Betty Cuthbert, Australian sprinter (b. 1938)[107] 2017 – Darren Daulton, American baseball player (b. 1962)[108] 2018 – Joël Robuchon, French Chef (b. 1945)[109] 2018 – Margaret Heckler, American politician (b. 1931)[110] 2018 – Anya Krugovoy Silver, American poet (b. 1968)[111] 2024 – Connie Chiume, South African actress and filmmaker (b. 1952)[112] Holidays and observances Christian holidays and observances Transfiguration of Jesus[113] Anna Maria Rubatto Hormisdas Justus and Pastor August 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan's Accession Day. (United Arab Emirates) Independence Day (Bolivia), celebrates the independence of Bolivia from Spain in 1825. Independence Day (Jamaica), celebrates the independence of Jamaica from the United Kingdom in 1962. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony (Hiroshima, Japan)[114] Russian Railway Troops Day (Russia)

August 5 is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 148 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are extinguished. 642 – Battle of Maserfield: Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Northumbria. 910 – The last major Danish army to raid England for nearly a century is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward the Elder and Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians. 939 – The Battle of Alhandic is fought between Ramiro II of León and Abd-ar-Rahman III at Zamora in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. The battle resulted in a victory for the Emirate of Córdoba. 1068 – Byzantine–Norman wars: Italo-Normans begin a nearly-three-year siege of Bari. 1100 – Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.[1] 1278 – Spanish Reconquista: the forces of the Kingdom of Castile initiate the ultimately futile Siege of Algeciras against the Emirate of Granada. 1305 – First Scottish War of Independence: Sir John Stewart of Menteith, the pro-English Sheriff of Dumbarton, successfully manages to capture Sir William Wallace of Scotland, leading to Wallace's subsequent execution by hanging, evisceration, drawing and quartering, and beheading 18 days later.[2] 1388 – The Battle of Otterburn, a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England, is fought near Otterburn.[3] 1460 – The Kingdom of Scotland captures Roxburgh, one of the last English strongholds in Scotland, following a siege.[4] 1506 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Crimean Khanate in the Battle of Kletsk.[5] 1583 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. 1600 – The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place. 1601–1900 1620 – The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England, carrying would-be settlers, on its first attempt to reach North America; it is forced to dock in Dartmouth when its companion ship, the Speedwell, springs a leak.[6] 1689 – Beaver Wars: Fifteen hundred Iroquois attack Lachine in New France. 1716 – Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718): One-fifth of a Turkish army and the Grand Vizier are killed in the Battle of Petrovaradin. 1735 – Freedom of the press: New York Weekly Journal writer John Peter Zenger is acquitted of seditious libel against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he had published was true. 1772 – First Partition of Poland: The representatives of Austria, Prussia, and Russia sign three bilateral conventions condemning the ‘anarchy’ of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and imputing to the three powers ‘ancient and legitimate rights’ to the territories of the Commonwealth. The conventions allow each of the three great powers to annex a part of the Commonwealth, which they proceed to do over the course of the following two months.[7] 1763 – Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run: British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run. 1781 – The Battle of Dogger Bank takes place. 1796 – The Battle of Castiglione in Napoleon's first Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars. 1816 – The British Admiralty dismisses Francis Ronalds's new invention of the first working electric telegraph as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore. 1824 – Greek War of Independence: Konstantinos Kanaris leads a Greek fleet to victory against Ottoman and Egyptian naval forces in the Battle of Samos. 1858 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month. 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim. 1861 – American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872). 1861 – The United States Army abolishes flogging. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Baton Rouge: Along the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops attempt to take the city, but are driven back by fire from Union gunboats. 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Mobile Bay begins at Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports. 1874 – Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom. 1882 – Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, today known as ExxonMobil, is established officially. The company would later grow to become the holder of all Standard Oil companies and the entity at the center of the breakup of Standard Oil.[8][9] 1884 – The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor. 1888 – Bertha Benz drives from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back in the first long distance automobile trip, commemorated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route since 2008. 1901–present 1901 – Peter O'Connor sets the first World Athletics recognised long jump world record of 24 ft 11.75 in (7.6137 m), a record that would stand for 20 years. 1906 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a constitutional monarchy. 1914 – World War I: The German minelayer SS Königin Luise lays a minefield about 40 miles (64 km) off the Thames Estuary (Lowestoft). She is intercepted and sunk by the British light-cruiser HMS Amphion. 1914 – World War I: The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer SS Pfalz which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War. 1914 – In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed. 1916 – World War I: Battle of Romani: Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai Peninsula. 1925 – Plaid Cymru is formed with the aim of disseminating knowledge of the Welsh language that is at the time in danger of dying out. 1926 – Harry Houdini performs his greatest feat, spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping. 1939 – The Thirteen Roses: Thirteen female members of the Unified Socialist Youth are executed by Francoist forces in Madrid, Spain.[10] 1940 – World War II: The Soviet Union formally annexes Latvia. 1944 – World War II: At least 1,104 Japanese POWs in Australia attempt to escape from a camp at Cowra, New South Wales; 545 temporarily succeed but are later either killed, commit suicide, or are recaptured. 1944 – World War II: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp (Gęsiówka) in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners. 1944 – World War II: The Nazis begin a week-long massacre of between 40,000 and 50,000 civilians and prisoners of war in Wola, Poland. 1949 – In Ecuador, an earthquake destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6,000. 1949 – In Montana, 12 smokejumper firefighters and 1 US Forest Service fire guard are killed in the Mann Gulch Fire.[11] 1957 – American Bandstand, a show dedicated to the teenage "baby-boomers" by playing the songs and showing popular dances of the time, debuts on the ABC television network. 1960 – Burkina Faso, then known as Upper Volta, becomes independent from France. 1962 – Apartheid: Nelson Mandela is jailed. He would not be released until 1990. 1962 – American actress Marilyn Monroe is found dead at her home from a drug overdose. 1963 – Cold War: The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1964 – Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow: American aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. 1965 – The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins as Pakistani soldiers cross the Line of Control dressed as locals. 1966 – A group of red guards at Experimental High in Beijing, including Deng Rong and Liu Pingping, daughters of Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi respectively, beat the deputy vice principal, Bian Zhongyun, to death with sticks after accusing her of counter-revolutionary revisionism, producing one of the first fatalities of the Cultural Revolution.[12] 1969 – The Lonesome Cowboys police raid occurs in Atlanta, Georgia, leading to the creation of the Georgia Gay Liberation Front.[13] 1971 – The first Pacific Islands Forum (then known as the "South Pacific Forum") is held in Wellington, New Zealand, with the aim of enhancing cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean. 1973 – Mars 6 is launched from the USSR. 1974 – Vietnam War: The U.S. Congress places a $1 billion limit on military aid to South Vietnam. 1974 – Watergate scandal: President Richard Nixon, under orders of the US Supreme Court, releases the "Smoking Gun" tape, recorded on June 23, 1972, clearly revealing his actions in covering up and interfering investigations into the break-in. His political support vanishes completely.[14] 1979 – In Afghanistan, Maoists undertake the Bala Hissar uprising against the Leninist government. 1981 – President Ronald Reagan fires 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work. 1984 – A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27 Friendship crashes on approach to Zia International Airport, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing all 49 people on board.[15] 1995 – Yugoslav Wars: The city of Knin, Croatia, a significant Serb stronghold, is taken by Croatian forces during Operation Storm. The date is celebrated in Croatia as Victory Day. 2003 – A car bomb explodes in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta outside the Marriott Hotel killing 12 and injuring 150. 2008 – The New England Revolution win the 2008 North American SuperLiga final against the Houston Dynamo.[16] 2010 – The Copiapó mining accident occurs, trapping 33 Chilean miners approximately 2,300 ft (700 m) below the ground for 69 days. 2010 – Ten members of International Assistance Mission Nuristan Eye Camp team are killed by persons unknown in Kuran wa Munjan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. 2012 – The Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting took place in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, killing six victims; the perpetrator committed suicide after being wounded by police. 2015 – The Environmental Protection Agency at Gold King Mine waste water spill releases three million gallons of heavy metal toxin tailings and waste water into the Animas River in Colorado. 2019 – The revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir (state) occurred and the state was bifurcated into two union territories (Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) and Ladakh).[17] 2020 – Prime Minister Narendra Modi attends the 'Bhoomi Pujan' or land worship ceremony and lays the foundation stone of Rama Mandir in Ayodhya after a Supreme Court verdict ruling in favour of building the temple on disputed land.[18] 2021 – Australia's second most populous state Victoria enters its sixth COVID-19 lockdown, enacting stage four restrictions statewide in reaction to six new COVID-19 cases recorded that morning.[19] 2024 – Upon the Non-cooperation movement against the government of Bangladesh, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees the country, ending her rule of 15 consecutive years and a total of almost two decades. [20][21][22] Births Pre-1600 79 BC – Tullia, Roman daughter of Cicero (d. 45 BC) 1262 – Ladislaus IV of Hungary (d. 1290) 1301 – Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (d. 1330)[23] 1397 – Guillaume Dufay, Belgian-Italian composer and theorist (d. 1474)[24] 1461 – Alexander Jagiellon, Polish king (d. 1506) 1540 – Joseph Justus Scaliger, French philologist and historian (d. 1609) 1601–1900 1607 – Antonio Barberini, Italian cardinal (d. 1671) 1623 – Antonio Cesti, Italian organist and composer (d. 1669)[25] 1626 – Richard Ottley, English politician (d. 1670) 1662 – James Anderson, Scottish lawyer and historian (d. 1728)[26] 1681 – Vitus Bering, Danish explorer (d. 1741) 1694 – Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (d. 1744)[27] 1749 – Thomas Lynch Jr., American commander and politician (d. 1779) 1797 – Friedrich August Kummer, German cellist and composer (d. 1879)[28] 1802 – Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician and theorist (d. 1829)[29] 1811 – Ambroise Thomas, French composer (d. 1896)[30] 1813 – Ivar Aasen, Norwegian poet and linguist (d. 1896) 1815 – Edward John Eyre, English explorer and politician, Governor of Jamaica (d. 1901)[31] 1827 – Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazilian field marshal and politician, 1st President of Brazil (d. 1892) 1828 – Louise of the Netherlands (d. 1871) 1833 – Carola of Vasa (d. 1907) 1843 – James Scott Skinner, Scottish violinist and composer (d. 1927)[32] 1844 – Ilya Repin, Russian painter and sculptor (d. 1930)[33] 1850 – Guy de Maupassant, French short story writer, novelist, and poet (d. 1893) 1860 – Louis Wain, English artist (d. 1939)[34] 1862 – Joseph Merrick, English man with severe deformities (d. 1890)[35] 1866 – Carl Harries, German chemist and academic (d. 1923) 1866 – Harry Trott, Australian cricketer (d. 1917) 1868 – Oskar Merikanto, Finnish pianist and composer (d. 1924)[36] 1872 – Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician, bacteriologist, and epidemiologist, founded the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (d. 1917) 1874 – Wesley Clair Mitchell, American economist and academic (d. 1948)[37] 1874 – Horace Rawlins, English golfer (d. 1935) 1876 – Mary Ritter Beard, American historian and activist (d. 1958)[38] 1877 – Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (d. 1917) 1880 – Gertrude Rush, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1962) 1880 – Ruth Sawyer, American author and educator (d. 1970)[39] 1882 – Anne Acheson, Irish sculptor (d. 1962)[40] 1887 – Reginald Owen, English-American actor and singer (d. 1972) 1889 – Conrad Aiken, American novelist, short story writer, critic, and poet (d. 1973)[41] 1890 – Naum Gabo, Russian-American sculptor (d. 1977)[42] 1890 – Erich Kleiber, Austrian conductor and director (d. 1956)[43] 1897 – Roberta Dodd Crawford, American soprano and educator (d. 1954) 1897 – Aksel Larsen, Danish lawyer and politician (d. 1972) 1900 – Rudolf Schottlaender, German philosopher, classical philologist and translator (d. 1988) 1901–present 1901 – Claude Autant-Lara, French director, screenwriter, and politician (d. 2000)[44] 1904 – Kenneth V. Thimann, English-American botanist and microbiologist (d. 1997) 1905 – Wassily Leontief, German-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)[45] 1906 – Joan Hickson, English actress (d. 1998)[46] 1906 – John Huston, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1987)[47] 1908 – Harold Holt, Australian lawyer and politician, 17th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967) 1908 – Jose Garcia Villa, Filipino short story writer and poet (d. 1997) 1910 – Bruno Coquatrix, French songwriter and manager (d. 1979) 1910 – Herminio Masantonio, Argentinian footballer (d. 1956) 1911 – Robert Taylor, American actor and singer (d. 1969)[48] 1912 – Abbé Pierre, French priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)[49] 1914 – Parley Baer, American actor (d. 2002)[50] 1916 – Peter Viereck, American poet and academic (d. 2006)[51] 1918 – Tom Drake, American actor and singer (d. 1982) 1918 – Betty Oliphant, English-Canadian ballerina, co-founded Canada's National Ballet School (d. 2004)[52] 1919 – Rosalind Hicks, British literary guardian and the only child of author, Agatha Christie (d. 2004)[53] 1920 – George Tooker, American painter and academic (d. 2011)[54] 1921 – Terry Becker, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014) 1922 – L. Tom Perry, American businessman and religious leader (d. 2015)[55] 1922 – Frank Stranahan, American golfer (d. 2013)[56] 1923 – Devan Nair, Malaysian-Singaporean union leader and politician, 3rd President of Singapore (d. 2005)[57] 1926 – Betsy Jolas, French composer[58] 1926 – Jeri Southern, American jazz singer and pianist (d. 1991) 1927 – John H. Moore II, American lawyer and judge (d. 2013) 1929 – Don Matheson, American soldier, police officer, and actor (d. 2014) 1930 – Neil Armstrong, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut (d. 2012)[59] 1930 – Damita Jo DeBlanc, American comedian, actress, and singer (d. 1998) 1930 – Richie Ginther, American race car driver (d. 1989) 1930 – Michal Kováč, Slovak lawyer and politician, 1st President of Slovakia (d. 2016)[60] 1931 – Tom Hafey, Australian footballer and coach (d. 2014) 1932 – Tera de Marez Oyens, Dutch pianist and composer (d. 1996)[61] 1932 – Vladimir Fedoseyev, Russian conductor 1934 – Karl Johan Åström, Swedish engineer and theorist 1934 – Wendell Berry, American novelist, short story writer, poet, and essayist 1934 – Gay Byrne, Irish radio and television host (d. 2019)[62] 1935 – Michael Ballhaus, German director and cinematographer (d. 2017)[63] 1935 – Peter Inge, Baron Inge, English field marshal (d. 2022)[64] 1935 – Roy Benavidez, American soldier, Medal of Honor Winner (d. 1998)[65] 1936 – Nikolai Baturin, Estonian author and playwright (d. 2019) 1936 – John Saxon, American actor (d. 2020)[66] 1937 – Herb Brooks, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2003) 1937 – Brian G. Marsden, English-American astronomer and academic (d. 2010)[67] 1939 – Roger Clark, English race car driver (d. 1998)[68] 1939 – Carmen Salinas, Mexican actress and politician[69] (d. 2021) 1940 – Bobby Braddock, American country music songwriter, musician, and producer 1940 – Roman Gabriel, American football player, coach, and actor (d. 2024)[70] 1940 – Rick Huxley, English bass player (d. 2013)[71] 1941 – Bob Clark, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)[72] 1941 – Leonid Kizim, Ukrainian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2010)[73] 1941 – Airto Moreira, Brazilian-American drummer and composer[74] 1942 – Joe Boyd, American record producer, founded Hannibal Records 1943 – Nelson Briles, American baseball player (d. 2005) 1943 – Sammi Smith, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2005) 1944 – Christopher Gunning, English composer (d. 2023)[75] 1945 – Loni Anderson, American actress 1946 – Bruce Coslet, American football player and coach 1946 – Shirley Ann Jackson, American physicist[76] 1946 – Rick van der Linden, Dutch keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2006) 1946 – Bob McCarthy, Australian rugby league player and coach 1946 – Erika Slezak, American actress 1946 – Xavier Trias, Spanish pediatrician and politician, 118th Mayor of Barcelona 1947 – Angry Anderson, Australian singer and actor 1947 – Bernie Carbo, American baseball player 1947 – France A. Córdova, American astrophysicist and academic 1947 – Rick Derringer, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1947 – Greg Leskiw, Canadian guitarist and songwriter 1948 – Ray Clemence, English footballer and manager (d. 2020) 1948 – Barbara Flynn, English actress 1948 – David Hungate, American bass guitarist, producer, and arranger 1948 – Shin Takamatsu, Japanese architect and academic 1950 – Luiz Gushiken, Brazilian trade union leader and politician (d. 2013) 1950 – Mahendra Karma, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 2013) 1951 – Samantha Sang, Australian pop singer 1952 – Tamás Faragó, Hungarian water polo player 1952 – John Jarratt, Australian actor and producer 1952 – Louis Walsh, Irish talent manager 1953 – Rick Mahler, American baseball player and coach (d. 2005) 1955 – Eddie Ojeda, American guitarist and songwriter 1956 – Christopher Chessun, English Anglican bishop 1956 – Jerry Ciccoritti, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1956 – Maureen McCormick, American actress 1957 – Larry Corowa, Australian rugby league player 1957 – David Gill, English businessman 1957 – Faith Prince, American actress and singer 1958 – Ulla Salzgeber, German equestrian[77] 1959 – Pete Burns, English singer-songwriter (d. 2016)[78] 1959 – Pat Smear, American guitarist and songwriter 1960 – David Baldacci, American lawyer and author 1961 – Janet McTeer, English actress 1961 – Athula Samarasekera, Sri Lankan cricketer and coach 1961 – Tim Wilson, American comedian, singer-songwriter, and guitarist (d. 2014) 1962 – Patrick Ewing, Jamaican-American basketball player and coach 1962 – Otis Thorpe, American basketball player 1963 – Steve Lee, Swiss singer-songwriter (d. 2010) 1963 – Ingmar De Vos, Belgian sports administrator 1963 – Mark Strong, English actor 1964 – Rory Morrison, English journalist (d. 2013)[79] 1964 – Adam Yauch, American rapper and director (d. 2012)[80] 1965 – Jeff Coffin, American saxophonist and composer 1965 – Motoi Sakuraba, Japanese keyboard player and composer 1966 – Jennifer Finch, American singer, bass player, and photographer 1966 – Jonathan Silverman, American actor and producer 1967 – Matthew Caws, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1968 – Terri Clark, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1968 – Kendo Kashin, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist 1968 – Marine Le Pen, French lawyer and politician 1968 – Oleh Luzhnyi, Ukrainian footballer and manager 1968 – Colin McRae, Scottish race car driver (d. 2007)[81] 1968 – John Olerud, American baseball player 1969 – Jackie Doyle-Price, English politician 1969 – Vasbert Drakes, Barbadian cricketer 1969 – Venkatesh Prasad, Indian cricketer and coach 1969 – Rob Scott, Australian rower 1970 – James Gunn, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1971 – Valdis Dombrovskis, Latvian academic and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Latvia 1972 – Ikuto Hidaka, Japanese wrestler 1972 – Aaqib Javed, Pakistani cricketer and coach 1972 – Darren Shahlavi, English-American actor and martial artist (d. 2015) 1972 – Jon Sleightholme, English rugby player 1972 – Theodore Whitmore, Jamaican footballer and manager 1972 – Christian Olde Wolbers, Belgian-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer 1973 – Paul Carige, Australian rugby league player 1973 – Justin Marshall, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster 1974 – Alvin Ceccoli, Australian footballer 1974 – Kajol, Indian film actress[82] 1974 – Olle Kullinger, Swedish footballer 1974 – Antoine Sibierski, French footballer 1975 – Dan Hipgrave, English guitarist and journalist 1975 – Josep Jufré, Spanish cyclist 1975 – Eicca Toppinen, Finnish cellist and composer 1976 – Jeff Friesen, Canadian ice hockey player 1976 – Marians Pahars, Latvian footballer and manager 1976 – Eugen Trică, Romanian footballer and manager 1977 – Eric Hinske, American baseball player and coach 1977 – Mark Mulder, American baseball player and sportscaster 1977 – Michael Walsh, English footballer 1978 – Cosmin Bărcăuan, Romanian footballer and manager 1978 – Kim Gevaert, Belgian sprinter 1978 – Harel Levy, Israeli tennis player[83] 1979 – David Healy, Irish footballer 1980 – Wayne Bridge, English footballer 1980 – Salvador Cabañas, Paraguayan footballer 1980 – Jason Culina, Australian footballer 1980 – Jesse Williams, American actor, director, producer, and political activist[84] 1981 – David Clarke, English ice hockey player 1981 – Carl Crawford, American baseball player 1981 – Maik Franz, German footballer 1981 – Erik Guay, Canadian skier 1981 – Travie McCoy, American rapper, singer, and songwriter[85] 1981 – Anna Rawson, Australian golfer 1981 – Rachel Scott, American murder victim, inspired the Rachel's Challenge (d. 1999) 1982 – Jamie Houston, English-German rugby player 1982 – Lolo Jones, American hurdler 1982 – Michele Pazienza, Italian footballer 1982 – Tobias Regner, German singer-songwriter 1982 – Jeff Robson, Australian rugby league player 1982 – Pete Sell, American mixed martial artist 1984 – Steve Matai, New Zealand rugby league player 1984 – Helene Fischer, German singer-songwriter 1985 – Laurent Ciman, Belgian footballer 1985 – Salomon Kalou, Ivorian footballer 1985 – Gil Vermouth, Israeli footballer 1985 – Erkan Zengin, Swedish footballer 1986 – Paula Creamer, American golfer 1986 – Kathrin Zettel, Austrian skier 1987 – Genelia D'Souza, Indian actress 1988 – Michael Jamieson, Scottish-English swimmer 1988 – Federica Pellegrini, Italian swimmer 1989 – Ryan Bertrand, English footballer 1989 – Mathieu Manset, French footballer 1989 – Jessica Nigri, American model and actress 1991 – Esteban Gutiérrez, Mexican race car driver 1991 – Konrad Hurrell, Tongan rugby league player 1991 – Daniëlle van de Donk, Dutch footballer[86] 1991 – Andreas Weimann, Austrian footballer 1994 – Natalia García, Spanish rhythmic gymnast[87] 1995 – Pierre-Emile Højbjerg, Danish footballer 1996 – Takakeishō Mitsunobu, Japanese sumo wrestler 1996 – Cho Seung-youn, South Korean singer-songwriter and rapper[88] 1997 – Jack Cogger, Australian rugby league player 1997 – Olivia Holt, American actress and singer[89][90] 1997 – Wang Yibo, Chinese dancer, singer and actor[91] 1997 – Yungblud, English musician and actor[92] 1998 – Adam Doueihi, Australian-Lebanese rugby league player[93] 1998 – Mimi Keene, English actress 1998 – Kanon Suzuki, Japanese singer and actress 2000 – Tom Gilbert, Australian rugby league player[94] 2001 – Anthony Edwards, American basketball player[95] 2003 – Toni Shaw, British Paralympic swimmer[96] 2004 – Gavi, Spanish footballer[97] Deaths Pre-1600 553 – Xiao Ji, prince of the Liang dynasty (b. 508) 642 – Eowa, king of Mercia 642 – Oswald, king of Northumbria[98] 824 – Heizei, Japanese emperor (b. 773) 877 – Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan, Abbasid vizier 882 – Louis III, Frankish king (b. 863) 890 – Ranulf II, duke of Aquitaine (b. 850) 910 – Eowils and Halfdan, joint kings of Northumbria 910 – Ingwær, king of Northumbria 917 – Euthymius I of Constantinople (b. 834) 940 – Li Decheng, Chinese general (b. 863) 1063 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Gwynedd 1364 – Kōgon, Japanese emperor (b. 1313) 1415 – Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (b. 1375) 1415 – Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (b. 1370) 1447 – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (b. 1395)[99] 1579 – Stanislaus Hosius, Polish cardinal (b. 1504) 1600 – John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, Scottish conspirator (b. 1577)[100] 1601–1900 1610 – Alonso García de Ramón, Spanish soldier and politician, Royal Governor of Chile (b. 1552) 1633 – George Abbot, English archbishop and academic (b. 1562) 1678 – Juan García de Zéspedes, Mexican tenor and composer (b. 1619)[101] 1729 – Thomas Newcomen, English engineer, invented the eponymous Newcomen atmospheric engine (b. 1664)[102] 1743 – John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English courtier and politician, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household (b. 1696) 1778 – Charles Clémencet, French historian and author (b. 1703) 1778 – Thomas Linley the younger, English composer (b. 1756)[103] 1792 – Frederick North, Lord North, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1732)[104] 1799 – Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, English admiral and politician (b. 1726)[105] 1868 – Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1788) 1877 – Robert Williams (known as Trebor Mai), Welsh poet (b. 1830) 1880 – Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, Austrian physician and dermatologist (b. 1816) 1881 – Spotted Tail, American tribal chief (b. 1823)[106] 1895 – Friedrich Engels, German philosopher (b. 1820)[107] 1901–present 1901 – Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom and German Empress (b. 1840)[108] 1904 – George Dibbs, Australian politician, 10th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1834)[109] 1911 – Bob Caruthers, American baseball player and umpire (b. 1864)[110] 1916 – George Butterworth, British composer (b. 1885)[111] 1921 – Dimitrios Rallis, Greek lawyer and politician, 78th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1844) 1929 – Millicent Fawcett, English trade union leader and activist (b. 1847)[112] 1933 – Charles Harold Davis, American painter and academic (b. 1856) 1935 – David Townsend, American art director and set designer (b. 1891) 1939 – Béla Jankovich, Hungarian economist and politician, Minister of Education of Hungary (b. 1865) 1944 – Maurice Turnbull, Welsh cricketer and rugby player (b. 1906) 1946 – Wilhelm Marx, German lawyer and politician, 17th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1863) 1948 – Montagu Toller, English cricketer and lawyer (b. 1871) 1952 – Sameera Moussa, Egyptian physicist and academic (b. 1917) 1955 – Carmen Miranda, Portuguese-Brazilian actress and singer (b. 1909)[113] 1957 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)[114] 1959 – Edgar Guest, English-American journalist and poet (b. 1881)[115] 1960 – Arthur Meighen, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)[116] 1963 – Salvador Bacarisse, Spanish composer (b. 1898)[117] 1964 – Moa Martinson, Swedish author (b. 1890)[118] 1964 – Art Ross, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1886)[119][120] 1968 – Luther Perkins, American guitarist (b. 1928) 1978 – Jesse Haines, American baseball player and coach (b. 1893) 1980 – Harold L. Runnels, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)[121] 1983 – Judy Canova, American actress and comedian (b. 1913)[122] 1983 – Joan Robinson, English economist and author (b. 1903)[123] 1984 – Richard Burton, Welsh-Swiss actor and producer (b. 1925)[124] 1985 – Arnold Horween, American football player and coach (b. 1898) 1987 – Georg Gaßmann, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (b. 1910) 1991 – Paul Brown, American football player and coach (b. 1908) 1991 – Soichiro Honda, Japanese engineer and businessman, founded Honda (b. 1906) 1992 – Robert Muldoon, New Zealand politician, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1921) 1994 – Menachem Avidom, Israeli composer (b. 1908)[125] 1994 – Alain de Changy, Belgian race car driver (b. 1922) 1998 – Otto Kretschmer, German commander (b. 1912)[126] 1998 – Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian commander and politician, 36th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1911)[127] 2000 – Otto Buchsbaum, Austrian-Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1920) 2000 – Tullio Crali, Montenegrin-Italian pilot and painter (b. 1910) 2000 – Lala Amarnath, Indian cricketer (b. 1911)[128] 2000 – Alec Guinness, English actor (b. 1914)[129] 2001 – Otema Allimadi, Ugandan politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Uganda (b. 1929) 2001 – Christopher Skase, Australian-Spanish businessman (b. 1948) 2002 – Josh Ryan Evans, American actor (b. 1982)[130] 2002 – Chick Hearn, American sportscaster (b. 1916)[131] 2002 – Franco Lucentini, Italian journalist and author (b. 1920)[132] 2002 – Darrell Porter, American baseball player (b. 1952) 2002 – Matt Robinson, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1937) 2005 – Polina Astakhova, Russian gymnast and coach (b. 1936) 2005 – Jim O'Hora, American football player and coach (b. 1915) 2005 – Raul Roco, Filipino lawyer and politician, 31st Filipino Secretary of Education (b. 1941)[133] 2005 – Eddie Jenkins, Welsh footballer (b. 1909)[134] 2007 – Jean-Marie Lustiger, French cardinal (b. 1926)[135] 2007 – Florian Pittiș, Romanian actor, singer, director, and producer (b. 1943) 2008 – Neil Bartlett, English-American chemist and academic (b. 1932)[136] 2008 – Reg Lindsay, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1929)[137] 2009 – Budd Schulberg, American author, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1914)[138] 2011 – Andrzej Lepper, Polish farmer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1954)[139] 2011 – Aziz Shavershian, Australian bodybuilder (b. 1989)[140] 2012 – Erwin Axer, Polish director and screenwriter (b. 1917) 2012 – Michel Daerden, Belgian lawyer and politician (b. 1949)[141] 2012 – Fred Matua, American football player (b. 1984) 2012 – Martin E. Segal, Russian-American businessman, co-founded Film Society of Lincoln Center (b. 1916)[142] 2012 – Chavela Vargas, Costa Rican-Mexican singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1919)[143] 2012 – Roland Charles Wagner, French author and translator (b. 1960)[144] 2013 – Ruth Asawa, American sculptor and educator (b. 1926)[145] 2013 – Shawn Burr, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1966) 2013 – Willie Dunn, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1942)[146] 2013 – Roy Rubin, American basketball player and coach (b. 1925) 2013 – May Song Vang, American activist (b. 1951) 2013 – Rob Wyda, American commander and judge (b. 1959) 2014 – Harold J. Greene, American general (b. 1962)[147] 2014 – Vladimir Orlov, Russian author (b. 1936) 2014 – Chapman Pincher, Indian-English historian, journalist, and author (b. 1914)[148] 2014 – Jesse Leonard Steinfeld, American physician and academic, 11th Surgeon General of the United States (b. 1927)[149] 2015 – Arthur Walter James, English journalist and politician (b. 1912) 2015 – Tony Millington, Welsh footballer (b. 1943) 2018 – Alan Rabinowitz, American zoologist (b. 1953)[150] 2019 – Toni Morrison, American author, Pulitzer Prize winner, and Nobel laureate (b. 1931).[151] 2020 – Hawa Abdi, Somali human rights activist and physician (b. 1947)[152] 2022 – Judith Durham, Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1943)[153] 2022 – Cherie Gil, Filipino actress (b. 1963)[154] 2022 – Ali Haydar, Syrian army officer (b. 1932)[155] 2022 – Issey Miyake, Japanese fashion designer (b. 1938)[156] 2022 – Dillon Quirke, Irish hurler (b. 1998)[157] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Abel of Reims Addai Afra Cassian of Autun Dedication of the Basilica of St Mary Major (Catholic Church) Emygdius Memnius Oswald of Northumbria August 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Independence Day (Burkina Faso) Victory and Homeland Thanksgiving Day and the Day of Croatian defenders (Croatia)

August 4 is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 149 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 598 – Goguryeo-Sui War: In response to a Goguryeo (Korean) incursion into Liaoxi, Emperor Wéndi of Sui orders his youngest son, Yang Liang (assisted by the co-prime minister Gao Jiong), to conquer Goguryeo during the Manchurian rainy season, with a Chinese army and navy.[1] 1265 – Second Barons' War: Battle of Evesham: The army of Prince Edward (the future king Edward I of England) defeats the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, killing de Montfort and many of his allies. 1327 – First War of Scottish Independence: James Douglas leads a raid into Weardale and almost kills Edward III of England. 1578 – Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir: The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed in the battle, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal. 1601–1900 1693 – Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Perignon's invention of champagne; it is not clear whether he actually invented champagne, however he has been credited as an innovator who developed the techniques used to perfect sparkling wine. 1701 – Great Peace of Montreal between New France and First Nations is signed. 1704 – War of the Spanish Succession: Gibraltar is captured by an English and Dutch fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir George Rooke and allied with Archduke Charles. 1783 – Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing about 1,400 people (Tenmei eruption). The eruption causes a famine, which results in an additional 20,000 deaths. 1789 – France: abolition of feudalism by the National Constituent Assembly. 1790 – A newly passed tariff act creates the Revenue Cutter Service (the forerunner of the United States Coast Guard). 1791 – The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman–Habsburg wars. 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Napoleon leads the French Army of Italy to victory in the Battle of Lonato. 1821 – The Saturday Evening Post is published for the first time as a weekly newspaper. 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships. 1863 – Matica slovenská, Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation, is established in Martin. 1873 – American Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer clashes for the first time with the Cheyenne and Lakota people near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed. 1887 – Granny, a sea anemone, died in Edinburgh after nearly 60 years in captivity. Her death was reported in The Scotsman and The New York Times.[2][3] 1889 – The Great Fire of Spokane, Washington destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project. 1892 – The father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden are found murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home. She will be tried and acquitted for the crimes a year later. 1901–present 1914 – World War I: In response to the German invasion of Belgium, Belgium and the British Empire declare war on Germany. The United States declares its neutrality. 1915 – World War I: The German 12th Army occupies Warsaw during the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive and the Great Retreat of 1915. 1921 – Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict: Mikhail Frunze declares victory over the Makhnovshchina.[4] 1924 – Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Soviet Union are established. 1936 – Prime Minister of Greece Ioannis Metaxas suspends parliament and the Constitution and establishes the 4th of August Regime. 1944 – The Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find and arrest Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and four others. 1944 – Under the state of emergency law, the Finnish Parliament elects Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim as the President of Finland to replace the resigned Risto Ryti.[5][6] 1946 – An earthquake of magnitude 8.0 hits northern Dominican Republic. One hundred are killed and 20,000 are left homeless. 1947 – The Supreme Court of Japan is established. 1964 – Civil rights movement: Civil rights workers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney are found dead in Mississippi after disappearing on June 21. 1964 – Second Gulf of Tonkin Incident: U.S. destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy mistakenly report coming under attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. 1965 – The Constitution of the Cook Islands comes into force, giving the Cook Islands self-governing status within New Zealand. 1969 – Vietnam War: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, American representative Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuân Thuỷ begin secret peace negotiations. The negotiations will eventually fail. 1972 – Ugandan President Idi Amin announces that Uganda is no longer responsible for the care of British subjects of Asian origin, beginning the expulsions of Ugandan Asians.[7] 1974 – A bomb explodes in the Italicus Express train at San Benedetto Val di Sambro, Italy, killing 12 people and wounding 22. 1975 – The Japanese Red Army takes more than 50 hostages at the AIA Building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The hostages include the U.S. consul and the Swedish Chargé d'affaires. The gunmen win the release of five imprisoned comrades and fly with them to Libya. 1977 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs legislation creating the United States Department of Energy. 1983 – Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo, president of the military government of Upper Volta, is ousted from power in a coup d'état led by Captain Thomas Sankara.[8] 1984 – The Republic of Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso. 1987 – The Federal Communications Commission rescinds the Fairness Doctrine which had required radio and television stations to present controversial issues "fairly". 1995 – Operation Storm begins in Croatia. 2006 – A massacre is carried out by Sri Lankan government forces, killing 17 employees of the French INGO Action Against Hunger (known internationally as Action Contre la Faim, or ACF). 2007 – NASA's Phoenix spacecraft is launched. 2018 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) expel the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from the Iraq–Syria border, concluding the second phase of the Deir ez-Zor campaign.[9] 2018 – Crisis in Venezuela: Seven people are injured when two drones detonate explosives on Avenida Bolívar, Caracas while president Nicolás Maduro is giving a speech to the Venezuelan National Guard.[10] 2019 – Nine people are killed and 26 injured in a shooting in Dayton, Ohio. This comes only 13 hours after another mass shooting in El Paso, Texas, where 23 people were killed.[11][12] 2020 – Beirut Port explosion: At least 220 people are killed and over 5,000 are wounded when 2,700 tons of ammonium nitrate explodes in Beirut, Lebanon.[13] Births Pre-1600 1222 – Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (d. 1262) 1281 – Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan (d. 1311) 1290 – Leopold I, Duke of Austria (d. 1326) 1463 – Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, Florentine patron of the arts (d. 1503) 1469 – Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1528) 1470 – Bernardo Dovizi, Italian cardinal (d. 1520) 1470 – Lucrezia de' Medici, Italian noblewoman (d. 1553) 1521 – Pope Urban VII (d. 1590) 1522 – Udai Singh II, King of Mewar (d. 1572) 1601–1900 1604 – François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French cleric and author (d. 1676) 1623 – Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1641–1680) and Hanau-Münzenberg (1642–1680) (d. 1685) 1701 – Thomas Blackwell, Scottish historian and scholar (d. 1757) 1704 – Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (d. 1752) 1719 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German mineralogist and geologist (d. 1767) 1721 – Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1803) 1755 – Nicolas-Jacques Conté, French soldier, painter, balloonist, and inventor (d. 1805) 1792 – Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet and playwright (d. 1822) 1805 – William Rowan Hamilton, Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (d. 1865) 1821 – Louis Vuitton, French fashion designer, founded Louis Vuitton (d. 1892) 1821 – James Springer White, American religious leader, co-founded the Seventh-day Adventist Church (d. 1881) 1834 – John Venn, English mathematician and philosopher (d. 1923) 1836 – Jens Vilhelm Dahlerup, Danish architect (d. 1907) 1839 – Walter Pater, English author, critic, and academic (d. 1894) 1844 – Henri Berger, German composer and bandleader (d. 1929) 1853 – John Henry Twachtman, American painter, etcher, and academic (d. 1902) 1859 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1952) 1861 – Daniel Edward Howard, 16th president of Liberia (d. 1935)[14] 1867 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and coach (d. 1918) 1868 – Master C. V. V., Indian philosopher, yogi and guru (d. 1922) 1870 – Harry Lauder, Scottish actor and singer (d. 1950) 1871 – William Holman, English-Australian politician, 19th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1934) 1876 – Giovanni Giuriati, Italian lawyer and politician (d. 1970) 1876 – John Scaddan, Australian politician, 10th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1934) 1877 – Dame Laura Knight, English artist (d. 1970)[15] 1884 – Béla Balázs, Hungarian poet and critic (d. 1949) 1884 – Henri Cornet, French cyclist (d. 1941) 1887 – Albert M. Greenfield, Ukrainian-American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1967) 1888 – Taher Saifuddin, Indian religious leader, 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq (d. 1965) 1890 – Dolf Luque, Cuban baseball player and manager (d. 1957) 1893 – Fritz Gause, German historian and curator (d. 1973) 1898 – Ernesto Maserati, Italian race car driver and engineer (d. 1975) 1899 – Ezra Taft Benson, American religious leader, 13th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1994) 1900 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (d. 2002) 1901–present 1901 – Louis Armstrong, American trumpet player and singer (d. 1971) 1901 – Clarence Passailaigue, Jamaican cricketer (d. 1972) 1902 – Bill Hallahan, American baseball player (d. 1981) 1904 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish author and playwright (d. 1969) 1904 – Helen Kane, American singer and actress (d. 1966) 1904 – Joe Tate, English footballer and manager (d. 1973) 1905 – Abeid Karume, 1st President of Zanzibar (d. 1972)[16] 1906 – Eugen Schuhmacher, German zoologist, director, and producer (d. 1973) 1908 – Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (d. 1994) 1909 – Glenn Cunningham, American runner and academic (d. 1988) 1910 – Anita Page, American actress (d. 2008)[17] 1910 – William Schuman, American composer and educator (d. 1992) 1910 – Hedda Sterne, Romanian-American painter and photographer (d. 2011) 1912 – Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician, physicist, and mountaineer (d. 1999) 1912 – David Raksin, American composer and educator (d. 2004)[18] 1912 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish architect and diplomat (d. 1947) 1913 – Wesley Addy, American actor (d. 1996) 1913 – Robert Hayden, American poet and educator (d. 1980) 1913 – Johann Niemann, German lieutenant (d. 1943) 1915 – Warren Avis, American businessman, founded Avis Rent a Car System (d. 2007) 1917 – John Fitch, American race car driver and engineer (d. 2012) 1918 – Brian Crozier, Australian-English historian and journalist (d. 2012) 1919 – Michel Déon, French novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 2016) 1920 – Helen Thomas, American journalist and author (d. 2013)[19] 1921 – Herb Ellis, American guitarist (d. 2010) 1921 – Maurice Richard, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2000) 1922 – Mayme Agnew Clayton, American librarian (d. 2006)[20] 1922 – Luis Aponte Martínez, Puerto Rican cardinal (d. 2012) 1926 – George Irving Bell, American physicist, biologist, and mountaineer (d. 2000) 1926 – Perry Moss, American football player and coach (d. 2014) 1928 – Christian Goethals, Belgian race car driver (d. 2003) 1928 – Gerard Damiano, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008) 1928 – Nadežka Mosusova, Serbian composer 1929 – Kishore Kumar, Indian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1987) 1929 – Vellore G. Ramabhadran, Mridangam artiste from Tamil Nadu, India (d. 2012) 1930 – Ali al-Sistani, Iranian-Iraqi cleric and scholar 1931 – Naren Tamhane, Indian cricketer (d. 2002) 1932 – Frances E. Allen, American computer scientist and academic (d. 2020) 1932 – Liang Congjie, Chinese environmentalist, founded Friends of Nature (d. 2010) 1934 – Dallas Green, American baseball player and manager (d. 2017) 1935 – Carol Arthur, American actress and producer (d. 2020) 1935 – Hans-Walter Eigenbrodt, German footballer and coach (d. 1997) 1935 – Michael J. Noonan, Irish farmer and politician, 25th Minister of Defence for Ireland (d. 2013) 1936 – Giorgos Zographos, Greek singer and actor (d. 2005) 1937 – David Bedford, English keyboard player, composer, and conductor (d. 2011) 1938 – Ellen Schrecker, American historian and academic 1939 – Jack Cunningham, Baron Cunningham of Felling, English politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office 1939 – Frankie Ford, American R&B/rock and roll singer (d. 2015) 1940 – Coriún Aharonián, Uruguayan composer and musicologist (d. 2017)[21] 1940 – Robin Harper, Scottish academic and politician 1940 – Larry Knechtel, American bass player and pianist (d. 2009) 1940 – Frances Stewart, English economist and academic 1940 – Timi Yuro, American singer-songwriter (d. 2004) 1941 – Martin Jarvis, English actor 1941 – Andy Smillie, English footballer 1941 – Cliff Nobles, American musician (d. 2008)[22] 1941 – Ted Strickland, American psychologist and politician, 68th Governor of Ohio 1942 – Don S. Davis, American actor (d. 2008)[23] 1942 – Cleon Jones, American baseball player 1942 – David Lange, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2005) 1943 – Vicente Álvarez Areces, Spanish politician, 6th President of the Principality of Asturias (d. 2019) 1943 – Barbara Saß-Viehweger, German politician, lawyer and civil law notary 1943 – Bjørn Wirkola, Norwegian ski jumper and footballer 1944 – Richard Belzer, American actor (d. 2023) 1944 – Doudou Ndoye, Senegalese lawyer and politician 1945 – Paul McCarthy, American painter and sculptor 1945 – Alan Mulally, American engineer and businessman 1946 – Aleksei Turovski, Estonian zoologist and ethologist 1947 – Klaus Schulze, German keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2022) 1948 – Johnny Grubb, American baseball player and coach 1949 – John Riggins, American football player, sportscaster, and actor 1950 – Caldwell Jones, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014) 1950 – N. Rangaswamy, Indian lawyer and politician, 9th Chief Minister of Puducherry 1951 – Peter Goodfellow, English geneticist and academic[24] 1952 – James Arbuthnot, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills 1952 – Moya Brennan, Irish singer-songwriter and harp player 1952 – Gábor Demszky, Hungarian sociologist, lawyer, and politician 1953 – Hiroyuki Usui, Japanese footballer and manager 1954 – Anatoliy Kinakh, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Ukraine 1954 – Steve Phillips, English footballer 1954 – François Valéry, Algerian-French singer-songwriter 1955 – Alberto Gonzales, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 80th United States Attorney General 1955 – Billy Bob Thornton, American actor, director, and screenwriter 1957 – Rupert Farley, British actor and voice actor 1957 – Brooks D. Simpson, American historian and author 1957 – Valdis Valters, Latvian basketball player and coach 1957 – John Wark, Scottish footballer and sportscaster 1958 – Allison Hedge Coke, American-Canadian poet and academic 1958 – Mary Decker, American runner 1958 – Silvan Shalom, Tunisian-Israeli sergeant and politician, 30th Deputy Prime Minister of Israel 1959 – Robbin Crosby, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2002) 1959 – John Gormley, Irish politician, Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government 1960 – Chuck C. Lopez, American jockey 1960 – Dean Malenko, American wrestler[25] 1960 – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Spanish academic and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Spain 1960 – Bernard Rose, English director, screenwriter, and cinematographer 1960 – Tim Winton, Australian author and playwright 1961 – Barack Obama, American lawyer and politician, 44th President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate[26] 1962 – Roger Clemens, American baseball player and actor 1962 – Paul Reynolds, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1963 – Keith Maurice Ellison, 30th Attorney General of Minnesota 1964 – Andrew Bartlett, Australian social worker and politician 1965 – Vishal Bhardwaj, Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, music composer and playback singer[27][28] 1965 – Adam Afriyie, English businessman and politician 1965 – Dennis Lehane, American author, screenwriter, and producer 1965 – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Swedish soldier and politician, 42nd Prime Minister of Sweden[29] 1965 – Michael Skibbe, German footballer and manager 1967 – Michael Marsh, American sprinter 1968 – Daniel Dae Kim, South Korean-American actor 1968 – Lee Mack, English comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter 1969 – Mark Bickley, Australian footballer and coach 1969 – Max Cavalera, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1969 – Troy O'Leary, American baseball player 1970 – John August, American director and screenwriter 1970 – Bret Baier, American journalist 1970 – Steve House, American mountaineer 1970 – Steven Jack, South African cricketer 1970 – Kate Silverton, English journalist 1971 – Bethan Benwell, English linguist, author, and academic 1971 – Jeff Gordon, American race car driver and actor 1972 – Stefan Brogren, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1973 – Eva Amaral, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1973 – Xavier Marchand, French swimmer 1973 – Marek Penksa, Slovak footballer 1973 – Marcos Roberto Silveira Reis, Brazilian footballer 1974 – Kily González, Argentine footballer 1975 – Andy Hallett, American actor and singer (d. 2009)[30] 1975 – Nikos Liberopoulos, Greek footballer 1975 – Jutta Urpilainen, Finnish politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Finland 1975 – Daniella van Graas, Dutch model and actress 1976 – Paul Goldstein, American tennis player[31] 1976 – Andrew McLeod, Australian footballer 1976 – Trevor Woodman, English rugby player and coach 1977 – Frankie Kazarian, American wrestler 1977 – Luís Boa Morte, Portuguese footballer and manager 1978 – Jeremy Adduono, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1978 – Luke Allen, American baseball player (d. 2022) 1978 – Kurt Busch, American race car driver 1978 – Agnė Eggerth, Lithuanian sprinter 1978 – Ibán Espadas, Spanish footballer 1978 – Jon Knott, American baseball player 1978 – Karine Legault, Canadian swimmer 1978 – Sandeep Naik, Indian politician 1978 – Siri Nordby, Norwegian footballer 1978 – Ricardo Serrano, Spanish cyclist 1978 – Per-Åge Skrøder, Norwegian ice hockey player 1978 – Satoshi Hino, Japanese voice actor 1979 – Robin Peterson, South African cricketer 1980 – Richard Dawson, English cricketer and coach 1981 – Marques Houston, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor 1981 – Benjamin Lauth, German footballer 1981 – Abigail Spencer, American actress 1981 – Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, American actress and humanitarian, and member of British Royal Family 1983 – Greta Gerwig, American actress, producer, and screenwriter 1984 – Terry Campese, Australian rugby league player 1984 – Mardy Collins, American basketball player 1985 – Crystal Bowersox, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1985 – Robbie Findley, American soccer player 1985 – Mark Milligan, Australian footballer 1985 – Ha Seung-jin, South Korean basketball player 1985 – Antonio Valencia, Ecuadorean footballer 1986 – Nick Augusto, American drummer 1986 – Leon Camier, English motorcycle racer 1986 – Cicinho, Brazilian footballer 1986 – Iosia Soliola, New Zealand-Samoan rugby league player 1986 – David Williams, Australian rugby league player 1987 – Jang Keun-suk, South Korean actor and singer 1987 – Marreese Speights American basketball player 1987 – Tomoya Warabino, Japanese actor 1988 – Carly Foulkes, Canadian model and actress 1988 – Kelley O'Hara, American soccer player[32] 1989 – Tomasz Kaczor, Polish sprint canoeist[33] 1989 – Jessica Mauboy, Australian singer-songwriter and actress 1989 – Wang Hao, Chinese chess player 1990 – Hikmet Balioğlu, Turkish footballer 1990 – Siim Tenno, Estonian footballer 1991 – Thiago Cardoso, Brazilian footballer 1991 – Izet Hajrović, Bosnian footballer 1992 – Daniele Garozzo, Italian fencer 1992 – Domingo Germán, Dominican baseball player[34] 1992 – Cole Sprouse, American actor[35] 1992 – Dylan Sprouse, American actor[35] 1994 – Bobby Shmurda, American rapper[36] 1995 – Bruna Marquezine, Brazilian actress 1998 – Lil Skies, American rapper [37] Deaths Pre-1600 221 – Lady Zhen, Chinese empress (b. 183) 966 – Berengar II of Italy (b. 900) 1060 – Henry I of France (b. 1008) 1113 – Gertrude of Saxony, countess and regent of Holland (b. c. 1030)[38] 1265 – Peter de Montfort, English politician (b. 1215) 1265 – Henry de Montfort (b. 1238) 1265 – Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, French-English soldier and politician, Lord High Steward (b. 1208) 1265 – Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer, English politician (b. 1223) 1266 – Eudes of Burgundy, Count of Nevers (b. 1230) 1306 – Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (b. 1289)[39] 1345 – As-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt (b. 1326) 1378 – Galeazzo II Visconti, Lord of Milan (b. c. 1320) 1430 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404) 1526 – Juan Sebastián Elcano, Spanish explorer and navigator (b. 1476) 1578 – Sebastian of Portugal (b. 1554) 1598 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English academic and politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1520) 1601–1900 1612 – Hugh Broughton, English scholar and theologian (b. 1549) 1639 – Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Mexican actor and playwright (b. 1581) 1718 – René Lepage de Sainte-Claire, French-Canadian founder of Rimouski (b. 1656) 1727 – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French general (b. 1647) 1741 – Andrew Hamilton, Scottish-American lawyer and politician (b. 1676)[40] 1778 – Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial, Canadian-French politician, Governor General of New France (b. 1698) 1792 – John Burgoyne, English general and politician (b. 1723) 1795 – Timothy Ruggles, American lawyer, jurist, and politician (b. 1711) 1804 – Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, Scottish admiral (b. 1731) 1822 – Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet and author (b. 1801) 1844 – Jacob Aall, Norwegian economist, historian, and politician (b. 1773) 1859 – John Vianney, French priest and saint (b. 1786) 1873 – Viktor Hartmann, Russian architect and painter (b. 1834) 1875 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish novelist, short story writer, and poet (b. 1805) 1886 – Samuel J. Tilden, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of New York (b. 1814)[41] 1900 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter and educator (b. 1860) 1901–present 1914 – Jules Lemaître, French playwright and critic (b. 1853) 1919 – Dave Gregory, Australian cricketer and umpire (b. 1845) 1922 – Enver Pasha, Ottoman general and politician (b. 1881) 1932 – Alfred Henry Maurer, American painter (b. 1868) 1938 – Pearl White, American actress (b. 1889) 1940 – Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Ukrainian-American general, journalist, and activist (b. 1880) 1941 – Mihály Babits, Hungarian poet and author (b. 1883) 1942 – Alberto Franchetti, Italian composer and educator (b. 1860) 1944 – Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Polish soldier and poet (b. 1921) 1957 – John Cain Sr., Australian politician, 34th Premier of Victoria (b. 1882) 1957 – Washington Luís, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 13th President of Brazil (b. 1869) 1958 – Ethel Anderson, Australian poet, author, and painter (b. 1883)[42] 1959 – József Révai, Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (b. 1898) 1961 – Margarito Bautista, Nahua-Mexican evangelizer, theologian, and religious founder (b. 1878)[43] 1962 – Marilyn Monroe, American model and actress (b. 1926) 1964 – Nätti-Jussi, Finnish lumberjack and forest laborer (b. 1890)[44] 1967 – Peter Smith, English cricketer (b. 1908) 1976 – Enrique Angelelli, Argentinian bishop and martyr (b. 1923) 1976 – Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian-English publisher (b. 1894) 1977 – Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, English physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1889) 1981 – Melvyn Douglas, American actor (b. 1901) 1982 – Bruce Goff, American architect, designed the Boston Avenue Methodist Church (b. 1904) 1985 – Don Whillans, English rock climber and mountaineer (b. 1933) 1990 – Ettore Maserati, Italian engineer and businessman (b. 1894) 1992 – Seichō Matsumoto, Japanese author (b. 1909) 1996 – Geoff Hamilton, English gardener, author, and television host (b. 1936) 1997 – Jeanne Calment, French super-centenarian; holds records for the world's substantiated longest-lived person (b. 1875) 1998 – Yury Artyukhin, Russian colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1930) 1999 – Victor Mature, American actor (b. 1913) 2003 – Frederick Chapman Robbins, American pediatrician and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916) 2004 – Mary Sherman Morgan, American chemist and engineer (b. 1921) 2004 – Hossein Panahi (Persian: حسین پناهی), Iranian actor and poet (b. 1956) 2005 – Anatoly Larkin, Russian-American physicist and theorist (b. 1932) 2005 – Iván Szabó, Hungarian economist and politician, Minister of Finance of Hungary (b. 1934) 2007 – Lee Hazlewood, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1929) 2007 – Raul Hilberg, Austrian-American political scientist and historian (b. 1926) 2008 – Craig Jones, English motorcycle racer (b. 1985) 2009 – Blake Snyder, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1957) 2011 – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (b. 1977) 2012 – Johnnie Bassett, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1935) 2012 – Brian Crozier, Australian-English journalist and historian (b. 1918) 2012 – Bud Riley, American football player and coach (b. 1925) 2013 – Keith H. Basso, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1940) 2013 – Art Donovan, American football player and radio host (b. 1925) 2013 – Olavi J. Mattila, Finnish engineer and politician, Finnish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1918) 2013 – Renato Ruggiero, Italian lawyer and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1930)[45] 2013 – Tony Snell, English lieutenant and pilot (b. 1922)[46] 2013 – Sandy Woodward, English admiral (b. 1932)[47] 2014 – James Brady, American activist and politician, 15th White House Press Secretary (b. 1940)[48] 2014 – Chester Crandell, American lawyer and politician (b. 1946)[49] 2014 – Jake Hooker, Israeli-American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1953)[50] 2015 – Elsie Hillman, American philanthropist and politician (b. 1925)[51] 2015 – Les Munro, New Zealand soldier and pilot (b. 1919)[52] 2015 – John Rudometkin, American basketball player (b. 1940)[53] 2015 – Billy Sherrill, American songwriter and producer (b. 1936)[54] 2019 – Nuon Chea, Cambodian politician and theorist for the Khmer Rouge (b. 1926)[55] 2023 – Dalia Fadila, Israeli educator (b. 1971/1972)[56] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Aristarchus Euphronius Blessed Frédéric Janssoone John Vianney Molua (or Lua) Raynerius of Split Sithney, patron saint of mad dogs August 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Coast Guard Day (United States) Constitution Day (Cook Islands); first Monday in August[57] Matica slovenská Day (Slovakia) Barack Obama Day in Illinois in the United States 2020 Beirut explosion commemoration day in Lebanon

August 3 is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 150 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 881 – Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu: Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem Ludwigslied. 908 – Battle of Eisenach: An invading Hungarian force defeats an East Frankish army under Duke Burchard of Thuringia. 1031 – Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf by Grimketel, the English Bishop of Selsey. 1057 – Frederick of Lorraine elected as Pope Stephen IX. 1342 – The Siege of Algeciras commences during the Spanish Reconquista. 1492 – Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain. 1527 – The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland. 1601–1900 1601 – Long War: Austria captures Transylvania in the Battle of Goroszló. 1645 – Thirty Years' War: The Second Battle of Nördlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire. 1678 – Robert LaSalle builds the Le Griffon, the first known ship built on the Great Lakes. 1778 – The theatre La Scala in Milan is inaugurated with the première of Antonio Salieri's Europa riconosciuta. 1795 – Treaty of Greenville is signed, ending the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country. 1811 – First ascent of Jungfrau, third highest summit in the Bernese Alps by brothers Johann Rudolf and Hieronymus Meyer. 1829 – The Treaty of Lewistown is signed by the Shawnee and Seneca peoples, exchanging land in Ohio for land west of the Mississippi River.[1] 1852 – Harvard University wins the first Boat Race between Yale University and Harvard. The race is also known as the first ever American intercollegiate athletic event. 1859 – The American Dental Association is founded in Niagara Falls, New York. 1900 – The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is founded. 1901–present 1903 – Macedonian rebels in Kruševo proclaim the Kruševo Republic, which exists for only ten days before Ottoman Turks lay waste to the town. 1907 – Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis fines Standard Oil of Indiana a record $29.4 million for illegal rebating to freight carriers; the conviction and fine are later reversed on appeal. 1914 – World War I: Germany declares war against France, while Romania declares its neutrality. 1921 – Major League Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis confirms the ban of the eight Chicago Black Sox, the day after they were acquitted by a Chicago court. 1936 – Jesse Owens wins the 100 metre dash, defeating Ralph Metcalfe, at the Berlin Olympics. 1936 – A fire wipes out Kursha-2 in the Meshchera Lowlands, Ryazan Oblast, Russia, killing 1,200 and leaving only 20 survivors. 1940 – World War II: Italian forces begin the invasion of British Somaliland. 1946 – Santa Claus Land, the world's first themed amusement park, opens in Santa Claus, Indiana, United States. 1948 – Whittaker Chambers accuses Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union. 1949 – The Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball League finalize the merger that would create the National Basketball Association. 1958 – The world's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, becomes the first vessel to complete a submerged transit of the geographical North Pole. 1959 – Portugal's state police force PIDE fires upon striking workers in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea, killing over 50 people. 1960 – Niger gains independence from France. 1972 – The United States Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. 1975 – A privately chartered Boeing 707 strikes a mountain peak and crashes near Agadir, Morocco, killing 188. 1977 – Tandy Corporation announces the TRS-80, one of the world's first mass-produced personal computers. 1981 – Senegalese opposition parties, under the leadership of Mamadou Dia, launch the Antiimperialist Action Front – Suxxali Reew Mi. 1997 – Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria: A total of 116 villagers killed, 40 in Oued El-Had and 76 in Mezouara. 1997 – The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after two-and-a-half years of construction.[2] 2004 – The pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopens after being closed since the September 11 attacks. 2005 – President of Mauritania Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya is overthrown in a military coup while attending the funeral of King Fahd in Saudi Arabia.[3] 2007 – Former deputy director of the Chilean secret police Raúl Iturriaga is captured after having been on the run following a conviction for kidnapping. 2010 – Widespread rioting erupts in Karachi, Pakistan, after the assassination of a local politician, leaving at least 85 dead and at least 17 billion Pakistani rupees (US$200 million) in damage. 2014 – A 6.1 magnitude earthquake kills at least 617 people and injures more than 2,400 in Yunnan, China. 2014 – The genocide of Yazidis by ISIL begins.[4] 2018 – Two burka-clad men kill 29 people and injure more than 80 in a suicide attack on a Shia mosque in eastern Afghanistan.[5] 2019 – Six hundred protesters, including opposition leader Lyubov Sobol, are arrested in an election protest in Moscow, Russia.[6] 2019 – Twenty-three people are killed and 22 injured in a mass shooting in El Paso, Texas.[7][8][9] 2023 – Worst floods hit major parts of Slovenia.[10] Births Pre-1600 1442 – Galeotto I Pico, Duke of Mirandola (d. 1499)[11] 1486 – Imperia Cognati, Italian courtesan (d. 1512) 1491 – Maria of Jülich-Berg, German noblewoman (d. 1543) 1509 – Étienne Dolet, French scholar and translator (d. 1546) 1601–1900 1622 – Wolfgang Julius, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, German field marshal (d. 1698) 1692 – John Henley, English minister and poet (d. 1759)[12] 1724 – Alvise Foscari, Venetian admiral (d. 1790)[13] 1766 – Aaron Chorin, Hungarian rabbi and author (d. 1844) 1770 – Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840) 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace (d. 1865)[14] 1808 – Hamilton Fish, American lawyer and politician, 26th United States Secretary of State (d. 1893)[15] 1811 – Elisha Otis, American businessman, founded the Otis Elevator Company (d. 1861)[16] 1817 – Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen (d. 1895) 1823 – Thomas Francis Meagher, Irish-American revolutionary and military leader, territorial governor of Montana (d. 1867)[17] 1832 – Ivan Zajc, Croatian composer, conductor, and director (d. 1914)[18] 1840 – John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, English jurist and politician (d. 1929)[19] 1850 – Reginald Heber Roe, English-Australian swimmer, tennis player, and academic (d. 1926)[20] 1856 – Alfred Deakin, Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1919)[21] 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, French-Scottish actor, director, and producer (d. 1935) 1863 – Géza Gárdonyi, Hungarian author and journalist (d. 1922) 1867 – Stanley Baldwin, English businessman and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1947)[22] 1871 – Vernon Louis Parrington, American historian and scholar (d. 1929)[23] 1872 – Haakon VII of Norway (d. 1957) 1886 – Maithili Sharan Gupt, Indian poet and playwright (d. 1964) 1887 – Rupert Brooke, English poet (d. 1915)[24] 1887 – August Wesley, Finnish journalist, trade unionist, and revolutionary (d. ?)[25] 1890 – Konstantin Melnikov, Russian architect, designed the Rusakov Workers' Club (d. 1974) 1894 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1951)[26] 1895 – Allen Bathurst, Lord Apsley, English politician (d. 1942) 1896 – Ralph Horween, American football player and coach (d. 1997) 1899 – Louis Chiron, Monegasque race car driver (d. 1979) 1900 – Ernie Pyle, American soldier and journalist (d. 1945)[27] 1900 – John T. Scopes, American educator (d. 1970)[28] 1901–present 1901 – John C. Stennis, American lawyer and politician (d. 1995)[29] 1901 – Stefan Wyszyński, Polish cardinal (d. 1981) 1902 – Regina Jonas, German rabbi (d. 1944) 1902 – David Buttolph, American film composer (d. 1983)[30] 1903 – Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian journalist and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Tunisia (d. 2000) 1904 – Dolores del Río, Mexican actress (d. 1983) 1904 – Clifford D. Simak, American journalist and author (d. 1988)[31] 1905 – Franz König, Austrian cardinal (d. 2004)[32] 1907 – Lawrence Brown, American trombonist and composer (d. 1988)[33] 1907 – Ernesto Geisel, Brazilian general and politician, 29th President of Brazil (d. 1996)[34] 1907 – Yang Shangkun, Chinese politician, and 4th President of China (d. 1998) 1909 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark, American author and educator (d. 1971)[35] 1911 – Alex McCrindle, Scottish actor and producer (d. 1990) 1912 – Fritz Hellwig, German politician (d. 2017) 1913 – Mel Tolkin, Ukrainian-American screenwriter and producer (d. 2007)[36] 1916 – Shakeel Badayuni, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 1970) 1916 – José Manuel Moreno, Argentinian footballer and manager (d. 1978) 1917 – Les Elgart, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1995) 1918 – James MacGregor Burns, American historian, political scientist, and author (d. 2014)[37] 1918 – Sidney Gottlieb, American chemist and theorist (d. 1999)[38] 1918 – Larry Haines, American actor (d. 2008) 1918 – Eddie Jefferson, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)[39] 1920 – Norman Dewis, English test driver and engineer (d. 2019) 1920 – Max Fatchen, Australian journalist and author (d. 2012) 1920 – P. D. James, English author (d. 2014)[40] 1920 – Charlie Shavers, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1971)[41] 1920 – Elmar Tampõld, Estonian-Canadian architect (d. 2013) 1921 – Richard Adler, American composer and producer (d. 2012)[42] 1921 – Hayden Carruth, American poet and critic (d. 2008)[43] 1921 – Marilyn Maxwell, American actress (d. 1972) 1922 – John Eisenhower, American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (d. 2013)[44] 1923 – Jean Hagen, American actress (d. 1977)[45] 1923 – Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria (d. 2012)[46] 1924 – Connie Converse, American musician and singer-songwriter 1924 – Leon Uris, American soldier and author (d. 2003)[47] 1925 – Marv Levy, American-Canadian football player, coach, and manager 1925 – Lewis Rowland, American neurologist (d. 2017)[48] 1926 – Rona Anderson, Scottish actress (d. 2013)[49] 1926 – Tony Bennett, American singer and actor (d. 2023)[50] 1926 – Anthony Sampson, English journalist and author (d. 2004)[51] 1926 – Gordon Scott, American actor (d. 2007)[52] 1926 – Rushdy Abaza, Egyptian actor (d. 1980) 1928 – Cécile Aubry, French actress, director, and screenwriter (d. 2010)[53] 1928 – Henning Moritzen, Danish actor (d. 2012) 1930 – James Komack, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1997) 1933 – Pat Crawford, Australian cricketer (d. 2009) 1934 – Haystacks Calhoun, American wrestler and actor (d. 1989) 1934 – Michael Chapman, English bassoon player (d. 2005) 1934 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan general, founded UNITA (d. 2002)[54] 1935 – John Erman, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2021) 1935 – Georgy Shonin, Ukrainian-Russian general, pilot, and cosmonaut (d. 1997)[55] 1935 – Vic Vogel, Canadian pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2019)[56] 1936 – Jerry G. Bishop, American radio and television host (d. 2013)[57] 1936 – Edward Petherbridge, English actor 1937 – Steven Berkoff, English actor, director, and playwright 1937 – Roland Burris, American lawyer and politician, 39th Illinois Attorney General[58] 1937 – Duncan Sharpe, Pakistani-Australian cricketer 1938 – Terry Wogan, Irish radio and television host (d. 2016)[59] 1939 – Jimmie Nicol, English drummer 1939 – Apoorva Sengupta, Indian general and cricketer (d. 2013) 1940 – Lance Alworth, American football player 1940 – Martin Sheen, American actor and producer 1940 – James Tyler, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2010)[60] 1941 – Beverly Lee, American singer 1941 – Martha Stewart, American businesswoman, publisher, and author, founded Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia[61] 1943 – Béla Bollobás, Hungarian-English mathematician and academic 1943 – Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson of Sweden 1943 – Steven Millhauser, American novelist and short story writer 1944 – Morris Berman, American historian and social critic [62] 1944 – Nino Bravo, Spanish singer (d. 1973) 1945 – Eamon Dunphy, Irish footballer and journalist 1946 – Robert Ayling, English businessman 1946 – Jack Straw, English lawyer and politician, Shadow Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1946 – John York, American bass player, songwriter, and producer 1947 – Ralph Wright, English footballer (d. 2020) 1948 – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, French lawyer and politician, 166th Prime Minister of France 1949 – Philip Casnoff, American actor and director 1949 – B. B. Dickerson, American bass player and songwriter 1949 – Sue Slipman, English politician 1950 – Linda Howard, American author 1950 – John Landis, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1950 – Jo Marie Payton, American actress and singer 1950 – Ernesto Samper, Colombian economist and politician, 29th President of Colombia 1951 – Marcel Dionne, Canadian ice hockey player 1951 – Jay North, American actor 1952 – Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentinian footballer and manager 1953 – Ian Bairnson, Scottish saxophonist and keyboard player (d. 2023) 1953 – Marlene Dumas, South African painter 1954 – Michael Arthur, English physician and academic 1954 – Gary Peters, English footballer and manager 1956 – Kirk Brandon, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1956 – Todd Christensen, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2013)[63] 1956 – Dave Cloud, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015) 1956 – Balwinder Sandhu, Indian cricketer and coach 1957 – Bodo Rudwaleit, German footballer and manager 1957 – Kate Wilkinson, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 11th New Zealand Minister of Conservation 1958 – Lindsey Hilsum, English journalist and author 1958 – Ana Kokkinos, Australian director and screenwriter 1959 – Martin Atkins, English drummer and producer 1959 – Mike Gminski, American basketball player and sportscaster 1959 – John C. McGinley, American actor and producer 1959 – Koichi Tanaka, Japanese chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate 1960 – Tim Mayotte, American tennis player and coach 1960 – Gopal Sharma, Indian cricketer 1961 – Molly Hagan, American actress 1961 – Nick Harvey, English politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces 1961 – Lee Rocker, American bassist 1963 – Tasmin Archer, English pop singer[64] 1963 – Frano Botica, New Zealand rugby player and coach 1963 – James Hetfield, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[65] 1963 – David Knox, Australian rugby player 1963 – Ed Roland, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1963 – Lisa Ann Walter, American actress, producer, and screenwriter 1963 – Isaiah Washington, American actor and producer[66] 1964 – Lucky Dube, South African singer and keyboard player (d. 2007)[67] 1964 – Ralph Knibbs, British rugby union player[68] 1964 – Nate McMillan, American basketball player and coach 1964 – Kevin Sumlin, American football player and coach 1964 – Abhisit Vejjajiva, English-Thai economist and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Thailand 1966 – Brent Butt, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter 1966 – Gizz Butt, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1966 – Eric Esch, American wrestler, boxer, and mixed martial artist 1967 – Mathieu Kassovitz, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1967 – Skin, English singer and guitarist 1968 – Rod Beck, American baseball player (d. 2007) 1969 – Doug Overton, American basketball player and coach 1970 – Stephen Carpenter, American guitarist and songwriter 1970 – Gina G, Australian singer-songwriter 1970 – Masahiro Sakurai, Japanese video game designer 1971 – Forbes Johnston, Scottish footballer (d. 2007)[69] 1971 – DJ Spinderella, American DJ, rapper, producer, and actress[70] 1972 – Sandis Ozoliņš, Latvian ice hockey player and politician 1973 – Jay Cutler, American bodybuilder 1973 – Nikos Dabizas, Greek footballer 1973 – Michael Ealy, American actor[66] 1973 – Chris Murphy, American politician 1975 – Wael Gomaa, Egyptian footballer 1975 – Argyro Strataki, Greek heptathlete 1976 – Troy Glaus, American baseball player 1977 – Tom Brady, American football player 1977 – Justin Lehr, American baseball player 1977 – Óscar Pereiro, Spanish cyclist and footballer 1978 – Joi Chua, Singaporean singer-songwriter and actress 1978 – Mariusz Jop, Polish footballer 1978 – Jenny Tinmouth, English motorcycle racer 1978 – Dimitrios Zografakis, Greek footballer 1979 – Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress[71] 1980 – Nadia Ali, Libyan-American singer-songwriter 1980 – Dominic Moore, Canadian ice hockey player 1980 – Tony Pashos, American football player 1980 – Brandan Schieppati, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1980 – Hannah Simone, Canadian television host and actress 1981 – Fikirte Addis, Ethiopian fashion designer 1981 – Travis Bowyer, American baseball player 1981 – Pablo Ibáñez, Spanish footballer 1982 – Kaspar Kokk, Estonian skier 1982 – Jesse Lumsden, Canadian bobsledder and football player 1982 – Damien Sandow, American wrestler 1983 – Ryan Carter, American ice hockey player 1983 – Mark Reynolds, American baseball player 1984 – Yasin Avcı, Turkish footballer 1984 – Sunil Chhetri, Indian footballer 1984 – Matt Joyce, American baseball player 1984 – Ryan Lochte, American swimmer 1984 – Chris Maurer, former bassist of ska band Suburban Legends 1985 – Georgina Haig, Australian actress[72] 1985 – Brent Kutzle, American bass player and producer 1985 – Ats Purje, Estonian footballer 1985 – Sonny Bill Williams, New Zealand rugby player and boxer 1986 – Charlotte Casiraghi, Monégasque journalist, co-founded Ever Manifesto 1986 – Darya Domracheva, Belarusian biathlete 1987 – Kim Hyung-jun, South Korean singer and dancer 1987 – Chris McQueen, Australian-English rugby league player 1988 – Denny Cardin, Italian footballer 1988 – Leigh Tiffin, American football player 1988 – Sven Ulreich, German footballer 1989 – Jules Bianchi, French race car driver (d. 2015) 1989 – Sam Hutchinson, English footballer 1989 – Tyrod Taylor, American football player 1989 – Nick Viergever, Dutch footballer 1990 – Jourdan Dunn, English model 1990 – Kang Min-kyung, South Korean singer 1992 – Gamze Bulut, Turkish runner 1992 – Gesa Felicitas Krause, German runner 1992 – Diāna Marcinkēviča, Latvian tennis player 1992 – Aljon Mariano, Filipino basketball player 1992 – Lum Rexhepi, Finnish footballer 1992 – Karlie Kloss, American fashion model[73] 1993 – Ola Abidogun, English sprinter 1993 – Yurina Kumai, Japanese singer 1994 – Kwon Alexander, American football player[74] 1994 – Manaia Cherrington, New Zealand rugby league player 1994 – Esther Earl, American author, vlogger, and online personality. (d. 2010)[75] Celebrated annually as Esther day[76] 1994 – Todd Gurley, American football player 1994 – Younghoe Koo, South Korean-born American football player[77] 1995 – Zac Gallen, American baseball player[78] 1995 – Victoria Kan, Russian tennis player[79] 1996 – Alec Bohm, American baseball player[80] 1996 – Bokondji Imama, Canadian ice hockey player[81] 1996 – Derwin James, American football player[82] 1997 – Luis Robert Jr., Cuban baseball player[83] 1999 – Zach Wilson, American football player[84] Deaths Pre-1600 908 – Burchard, duke of Thuringia 908 – Egino, duke of Thuringia 908 – Rudolf I, bishop of Würzburg 925 – Cao, Chinese empress dowager 979 – Thietmar, margrave of Meissen 1003 – At-Ta'i, Abbasid caliph (b. 929) 1355 – Bartholomew de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh, English nobleman 1460 – James II, king of Scotland (b. 1430)[85] 1527 – Scaramuccia Trivulzio, Italian cardinal 1530 – Francesco Ferruccio, Italian captain (b. 1489) 1546 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect, designed the Apostolic Palace (b. 1484)[86] 1546 – Étienne Dolet, French scholar and translator (b. 1509) 1601–1900 1604 – Bernardino de Mendoza, Spanish commander and diplomat (b. 1540) 1621 – Guillaume du Vair, French lawyer and author (b. 1556) 1712 – Joshua Barnes, English historian and scholar (b. 1654)[87] 1720 – Anthonie Heinsius, Dutch politician (b. 1641) 1721 – Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-English sculptor and woodcarver (b. 1648)[88] 1761 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German scholar and academic (b. 1691) 1773 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1700) 1780 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French epistemologist and philosopher (b. 1715) 1792 – Richard Arkwright, English engineer and businessman (b. 1732)[89] 1797 – Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, English field marshal and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1717)[90] 1805 – Christopher Anstey, English author and poet (b. 1724)[91] 1835 – Wenzel Müller, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1767)[92] 1839 – Dorothea von Schlegel, German author and translator (b. 1763) 1857 – Eugène Sue, French author and politician (b. 1804)[93] 1866 – Gábor Klauzál, Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1804) 1867 – Philipp August Böckh, German historian and scholar (b. 1785) 1877 – William B. Ogden, American businessman and politician, 1st Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805) 1879 – Joseph Severn, English painter (b. 1793)[94] 1894 – George Inness, American painter (b. 1825)[95] 1901–present 1913 – William Lyne, Australian politician, 13th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1844)[96] 1916 – Roger Casement, Irish poet and activist (b. 1864)[97] 1917 – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician and academic (b. 1849) 1920 – Peeter Süda, Estonian organist and composer (b. 1883)[98] 1922 – Ture Malmgren, Swedish journalist and politician (b. 1851) 1924 – Joseph Conrad, British novelist (b. 1857)[99] 1925 – William Bruce, Australian cricketer (b. 1864) 1929 – Emile Berliner, German-American inventor and businessman, invented the phonograph (b. 1851)[100] 1929 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist (b. 1857)[101] 1936 – Konstantin Konik, Estonian surgeon and politician, 19th Estonian Minister of Education (b. 1873) 1942 – Richard Willstätter, German-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872)[102] 1943 – Frumka Płotnicka, Polish resistance fighter during World War II (b. 1914)[103] 1949 – Ignotus, Hungarian poet and author (b. 1869) 1954 – Colette, French novelist and journalist (b. 1873) 1958 – Peter Collins, English race car driver (b. 1931) 1959 – Herb Byrne, Australian footballer (b. 1887) 1961 – Hilda Rix Nicholas, Australian artist (b. 1884)[104] 1964 – Flannery O'Connor, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1925) 1966 – Lenny Bruce, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1925) 1968 – Konstantin Rokossovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (b. 1896) 1969 – Alexander Mair, Australian politician, 26th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1889)[105] 1972 – Giannis Papaioannou, Turkish-Greek composer (b. 1913) 1973 – Richard Marshall, American general (b. 1895) 1974 – Edgar Johan Kuusik, Estonian architect and interior designer (b. 1888) 1975 – Andreas Embirikos, Greek poet and photographer (b. 1901) 1977 – Makarios III, Cypriot archbishop and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Cyprus (b. 1913) 1977 – Alfred Lunt, American actor and director (b. 1892)[106] 1979 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)[107] 1979 – Angelos Terzakis, Greek author and playwright (b. 1907) 1983 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (b. 1930) 1992 – Wang Hongwen, Chinese labor activist and politician, member of the Gang of Four (b. 1935)[108] 1995 – Ida Lupino, English-American actress and director (b. 1918)[109] 1995 – Edward Whittemore, American soldier and author (b. 1933) 1996 – Jørgen Garde, Danish admiral (b. 1939) 1997 – Pietro Rizzuto, Italian-Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1934)[110] 1998 – Alfred Schnittke, Russian composer and journalist (b. 1934)[111] 1999 – Rod Ansell, Australian hunter (b. 1953) 1999 – Byron Farwell, American historian and author (b. 1921)[112] 2000 – Joann Lõssov, Estonian basketball player and coach (b. 1921) 2001 – Christopher Hewett, English actor and director (b. 1922)[113] 2003 – Roger Voudouris, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1954)[114] 2004 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer and painter (b. 1908)[115] 2005 – Françoise d'Eaubonne, French author and poet (b. 1920)[116] 2006 – Arthur Lee, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1945)[117] 2006 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-English soprano and actress (b. 1915)[118] 2007 – John Gardner, English author (b. 1926) 2007 – Peter Thorup, Danish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1948)[119] 2008 – Skip Caray, American sportscaster (b. 1939) 2008 – Erik Darling, American singer-songwriter (b. 1933)[120] 2008 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian novelist, dramatist and historian, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)[121] 2009 – Nikolaos Makarezos, Greek soldier and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919)[122] 2010 – Bobby Hebb, American singer-songwriter (b. 1938)[123] 2011 – William Sleator, American author (b. 1945)[124] 2011 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (b. 1945)[125] 2012 – Frank Evans, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1921) 2012 – Martin Fleischmann, Czech-English chemist and academic (b. 1927)[126] 2012 – Paul McCracken, American economist and academic (b. 1915)[127] 2012 – John Pritchard, American basketball player (b. 1927) 2013 – John Coombs, English-Monegasque race car driver and businessman (b. 1922) 2013 – Jack English Hightower, American lawyer and politician (b. 1926)[128] 2013 – Jack Hynes, Scottish-American soccer player and manager (b. 1920) 2014 – Miangul Aurangzeb, Pakistani captain and politician, 19th Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (b. 1928)[129] 2014 – Edward Clancy, Australian cardinal (b. 1923) 2014 – Dorothy Salisbury Davis, American author (b. 1916)[130] 2014 – Kenny Drew, Jr., American pianist and composer (b. 1958)[131] 2014 – Lydia Yu-Jose, Filipino political scientist and academic (b. 1944)[132] 2015 – Robert Conquest, English-American historian, poet, and academic (b. 1917)[133] 2015 – Mel Farr, American football player and businessman (b. 1944)[134] 2015 – Coleen Gray, American actress (b. 1922)[135] 2015 – Margot Loyola, Chilean singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1918)[136] 2015 – Johanna Quandt, German businesswoman (b. 1926)[137] 2015 – Jef Murray, American artist and author (b. 1960)[138] 2020 – John Hume, Northern Irish politician (b. 1937)[139] 2022 – Jackie Walorski, American politician (b. 1963)[140] 2023 – Mark Margolis, American actor (b. 1939)[141] 2023 – Bram Moolenaar, Dutch software engineer (b. 1961)[142] Holidays and observances Anniversary of the Killing of Pidjiguiti (Guinea-Bissau) Armed Forces Day (Equatorial Guinea) Christian feast day: George Freeman Bragg, W. E. B. Du Bois (Episcopal Church) Lydia of Thyatira Myrrhbearers (Lutheran Church) Nicodemus Olaf II of Norway (Translation of the relic) Stephen (Discovery of the relic) Waltheof of Melrose August 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Flag Day (Venezuela) Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Niger from France in 1960. Arbor Day (Niger) National Guard Day (Venezuela)

August 2 is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 151 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.[1] 216 BC – The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army at the Battle of Cannae. 49 BC – Caesar, who marched to Spain earlier in the year, leaving Marcus Antonius in charge of Italy, defeats Pompey's general Afranius and Petreius in Ilerda (Lerida) north of the Ebro river.[2] 461 – Majorian is arrested near Tortona (northern Italy) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer as puppet emperor. 932 – After a two-year siege, the city of Toledo, in Spain, surrenders to the forces of the Caliph of Córdoba Abd al-Rahman III, assuming an important victory in his campaign to subjugate the Central March.[3] 1274 – Edward I of England returns from the Ninth Crusade and is crowned King seventeen days later. 1343 – After the execution of her husband, Jeanne de Clisson sells her estates and raises a force of men with which to attack French shipping and ports. 1377 – Russian troops are defeated by forces of the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha in the Battle on Pyana River. 1415 – Thomas Grey is executed for participating in the Southampton Plot. 1492 – The Jews are expelled from Spain: 40,000–200,000 leave. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire, learning of this, dispatches the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Thessaloniki (in modern-day Greece) and İzmir (in modern-day Turkey).[4] 1601–1900 1610 – During Henry Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay. 1776 – The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence took place. 1790 – The first United States Census is conducted. 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of the Nile concludes in a British victory. 1830 – Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri. 1858 – The Government of India Act 1858 replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj. 1869 – Japan's Edo society class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. 1870 – Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom. 1873 – The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system. 1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states. 1901–present 1903 – The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins. 1914 – The German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I begins. 1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto. 1918 – The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver. 1922 – A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China, killing more than 50,000 people. 1923 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes U.S. President upon the death of President Warren G. Harding. 1932 – The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson. 1934 – Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg. 1937 – The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal. 1939 – Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon. 1943 – The Holocaust: Jewish prisoners stage a revolt at Treblinka, one of the deadliest of Nazi death camps where approximately 900,000 persons were murdered in less than 18 months. 1943 – World War II: The Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. president, saves all but two of his crew. 1944 – ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in North Macedonia. 1944 – World War II: The largest trade convoy of the world wars arrives safely in the Western Approaches. 1945 – World War II: End of the Potsdam Conference. 1947 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998. 1968 – An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261. 1973 – A flash fire kills 50 people at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man. 1980 – A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.[5] 1982 – The Helsinki Metro, the first rapid transit system of Finland, is opened to the general public.[6][7] 1985 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137. 1989 – Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972. 1989 – A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians. 1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War. 1991 – Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on STS-43 to deploy the TDRS-5 satellite.[8] 1999 – The Gaisal train disaster claims 285 lives in Assam, India. 2005 – Air France Flight 358 lands at Toronto Pearson International Airport and runs off the runway, causing the plane to burst into flames, leaving 12 injuries and no fatalities. 2014 – At least 146 people were killed and more than 114 injured in a factory explosion in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China. Births Pre-1600 1260 – Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (d. 1299) 1455 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499) 1533 – Theodor Zwinger, Swiss physician and scholar (d. 1588) 1549 – Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (d. 1616) 1601–1900 1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model and wife of Rembrandt van Rijn (d. 1642) 1627 – Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten, Dutch painter (d. 1678) 1630 – Estephan El Douaihy, Maronite patriarch (d. 1704) 1646 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (d. 1715) 1672 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss paleontologist and scholar (d. 1733) 1674 – Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (d. 1723) 1696 – Mahmud I, Ottoman sultan (d. 1754) 1702 – Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1769) 1703 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian religious leader, 18th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1775) 1740 – Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux, French general (d. 1817) 1754 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French-American architect and engineer, designed Washington, D.C. (d. 1825) 1788 – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist and academic (d. 1853) 1815 – Adolf Friedrich von Schack, German poet and historian (d. 1894) 1820 – John Tyndall, Irish-English physicist and mountaineer (d. 1893) 1828 – Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque, Spanish general (d. 1895) 1834 – Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor, designed the Statue of Liberty (d. 1904) 1835 – Elisha Gray, American businessman, co-founded Western Electric (d. 1901) 1861 – Prafulla Chandra Ray, Indian chemist and academic (d. 1944) 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American academic and critic (d. 1933) 1865 – John Radecki, Australian stained glass artist (d. 1955) 1867 – Ernest Dowson, English poet, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1900) 1868 – Constantine I of Greece (d. 1923) 1870 – Marianne Weber, German sociologist and suffragist (d. 1954)[9] 1871 – John French Sloan, American painter and illustrator (d. 1951) 1872 – George E. Stewart, Australian-American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1946) 1876 – Pingali Venkayya, Indian geologist, designed the Flag of India (d. 1963) 1877 – Ravishankar Shukla, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh (d. 1956) 1878 – Aino Kallas, Finnish-Estonian author (d. 1956) 1880 – Arthur Dove, American painter and educator (d. 1946) 1882 – Red Ames, American baseball player and manager (d. 1936) 1882 – Albert Bloch, American painter and academic (d. 1961) 1884 – Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuelan author and politician, 46th President of Venezuela (d. 1969) 1886 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Canadian pilot and politician, 20th Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1961) 1887 – Oskar Anderson, Bulgarian-German mathematician and statistician (d. 1960) 1889 – Margaret Lawrence, American stage actress (d. 1929) 1891 – Arthur Bliss, English composer and conductor (d. 1975) 1891 – Viktor Zhirmunsky, Russian linguist and historian (d. 1971) 1892 – Jack L. Warner, Canadian-born American production manager and producer, co-founded Warner Bros. (d. 1978) 1894 – Bertha Lutz, Brazilian feminist and scientist (d. 1976) 1895 – Matt Henderson, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1970) 1897 – Karl-Otto Koch, German SS officer (d. 1945) 1897 – Max Weber, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 1974) 1898 – Ernő Nagy, Hungarian fencer (d. 1977) 1899 – Charles Bennett, English director and screenwriter (d. 1995) 1900 – Holling C. Holling, American author and illustrator (d. 1973) 1900 – Helen Morgan, American actress and singer (d. 1941) 1901–present 1902 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria (d. 1971) 1902 – Mina Rees, American mathematician (d. 1997)[10] 1905 – Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963) 1905 – Myrna Loy, American actress (d. 1993) 1905 – Ruth Nelson, American actress (d. 1992)[11][12] 1907 – Mary Hamman, American journalist and author (d. 1984) 1910 – Roger MacDougall, Scottish director, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1993) 1911 – Ann Dvorak, American actress (d. 1979) 1912 – Palle Huld, Danish actor (d. 2010) 1912 – Håkon Stenstadvold, Norwegian painter, illustrator, and critic (d. 1977) 1912 – Vladimir Žerjavić, Croatian economist and author (d. 2001) 1913 – Xavier Thaninayagam, Sri Lankan scholar and academic (d. 1980) 1914 – Félix Leclerc, Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and poet (d. 1988) 1914 – Big Walter Price, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2012) 1914 – Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001) 1915 – Gary Merrill, American actor (d. 1990) 1916 – Alfonso A. Ossorio, Filipino-American painter and sculptor (d. 1990) 1917 – Wah Chang, Chinese-American artist and designer (d. 2003)[13] 1919 – Nehemiah Persoff, Israeli-American actor (d. 2022)[14] 1920 – Louis Pauwels, French journalist and author (d. 1997) 1920 – Augustus Rowe, Canadian physician and politician (d. 2013) 1921 – Alan Whicker, Egyptian-English journalist (d. 2013) 1922 – Betsy Bloomingdale, American philanthropist and socialite (d. 2016) 1922 – Geoffrey Dutton, Australian historian and author (d. 1998) 1923 – Shimon Peres, Polish-Israeli lawyer and politician, 9th President of Israel (d. 2016)[15] 1923 – Ike Williams, American boxer (d. 1994) 1924 – James Baldwin, American novelist, poet, and critic (d. 1987) 1924 – Joe Harnell, American pianist and composer (d. 2005) 1924 – Carroll O'Connor, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001) 1925 – K. Arulanandan, Ceylon-American engineer and academic (d. 2004) 1925 – John Dexter, English director and producer (d. 1990) 1925 – John McCormack, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2017) 1925 – Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentinian general and politician, 43rd President of Argentina (d. 2013) 1927 – Peter Swinnerton-Dyer, English mathematician and academic (d. 2018) 1928 – Malcolm Hilton, English cricketer (d. 1990) 1929 – Roy Crimmins, English trombonist and composer (d. 2014) 1929 – John Gale, English director and producer 1929 – Vidya Charan Shukla, Indian politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (d. 2013) 1929 – David Waddington, Baron Waddington, English lawyer and politician, Governor of Bermuda (d. 2017) 1930 – Vali Myers, Australian painter and dancer (d. 2003) 1931 – Pierre DuMaine, American bishop and academic (d. 2019) 1931 – Eddie Fuller, South African cricketer (d. 2008) 1931 – Karl Miller, English journalist and critic (d. 2014) 1931 – Viliam Schrojf, Czech footballer (d. 2007) 1932 – Lamar Hunt, American businessman, co-founded the American Football League and World Championship Tennis (d. 2006) 1932 – Peter O'Toole, British-Irish actor and producer (d. 2013) 1933 – Ioannis Varvitsiotis, Greek politician, Greek Minister of Defence 1934 – Valery Bykovsky, Russian general and cosmonaut (d. 2019)[16] 1935 – Hank Cochran, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010) 1936 – Anthony Payne, English composer and author (d. 2021)[17] 1937 – Ron Brierley, New Zealand businessman 1937 – Billy Cannon, American football player and dentist (d. 2018) 1937 – María Duval, Mexican actress and singer[18] 1937 – Garth Hudson, Canadian keyboard player, songwriter, and producer 1938 – Dave Balon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2007) 1938 – Pierre de Bané, Israeli-Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2019)[19] 1938 – Terry Peck, Falkland Islander soldier (d. 2006) 1939 – Benjamin Barber, American theorist, author, and academic (d. 2017) 1939 – Wes Craven, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015) 1939 – John W. Snow, American businessman and politician, 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury 1940 – Angel Lagdameo, Filipino archbishop (d. 2022) 1940 – Beko Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian physician and activist (d. 2006) 1940 – Will Tura, Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1941 – Doris Coley, American singer (d. 2000) 1941 – Jules A. Hoffmann, Luxembourgian-French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1941 – François Weyergans, Belgian director and screenwriter (d. 2022) 1942 – Isabel Allende, Chilean-American novelist, essayist, essayist 1942 – Leo Beenhakker, Dutch football manager 1942 – Juan Formell, Cuban singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2014) 1942 – Nell Irvin Painter, American author and historian 1943 – Herbert M. Allison, American lieutenant and businessman (d. 2013) 1943 – Tom Burgmeier, American baseball player and coach 1943 – Jon R. Cavaiani, English-American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2014) 1943 – Rose Tremain, English novelist and short story writer 1944 – Jim Capaldi, English drummer and singer-songwriter (d. 2005) 1944 – Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian singer and berimbau player (d. 2016) 1945 – Joanna Cassidy, American actress 1945 – Alex Jesaulenko, Austrian-Australian footballer and coach 1945 – Bunker Roy, Indian educator and activist 1945 – Eric Simms, Australian rugby league player and coach 1946 – James Howe, American journalist and author 1947 – Ruth Bakke, Norwegian organist and composer 1947 – Lawrence Wright, American journalist, author, and screenwriter 1948 – Andy Fairweather Low, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1948 – Dennis Prager, American radio host and author 1948 – Tapan Kumar Sarkar, Indian-American electrical engineer and academic (d. 2021)[20][21] 1948 – James Street, American football and baseball player (d. 2013) 1948 – Snoo Wilson, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1949 – James Fallows, American journalist and author 1949 – Bertalan Farkas, Hungarian general and cosmonaut[22] 1950 – Jussi Adler-Olsen, Danish author and publisher 1950 – Ted Turner, British guitarist 1951 – Andrew Gold, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2011) 1951 – Steve Hillage, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1951 – Burgess Owens, American football player and politician[23] 1951 – Joe Lynn Turner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1951 – Per Westerberg, Swedish businessman and politician, Speaker of the Parliament of Sweden 1952 – Alain Giresse, French footballer and manager[24] 1953 – Donnie Munro, Scottish singer and guitarist 1953 – Butch Patrick, American actor[25] 1953 – Anthony Seldon, English historian and author 1954 – Sammy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and manager 1955 – Caleb Carr, American historian and author (d. 2024)[26] 1955 – Tony Godden, English footballer and manager 1955 – Butch Vig, American drummer, songwriter, and record producer 1956 – Fulvio Melia, Italian-American physicist, astrophysicist, and author 1957 – Jacky Rosen, United States senator [27] 1959 – Jim Doughan, American actor[28] 1959 – Victoria Jackson, American actress and singer 1959 – Johnny Kemp, Bahamian singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2015) 1959 – Apollonia Kotero, American singer and actress 1960 – Linda Fratianne, American figure skater 1960 – Neal Morse, American singer and keyboard player 1960 – David Yow, American singer-songwriter 1961 – Pete de Freitas, Trinidadian-British drummer and producer (d. 1989) 1962 – Lee Mavers, English singer, songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Cynthia Stevenson, American actress[29] 1963 – Laura Bennett, American architect and fashion designer 1963 – Uğur Tütüneker, Turkish footballer and manager 1964 – Frank Biela, German race car driver 1964 – Mary-Louise Parker, American actress 1965 – Joe Hockey, Australian lawyer and politician, 38th Treasurer of Australia 1965 – Hisanobu Watanabe, Japanese baseball player and coach 1966 – Takashi Iizuka, Japanese wrestler 1966 – Grainne Leahy, Irish cricketer 1966 – Tim Wakefield, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2023) 1967 – Aaron Krickstein, American tennis player 1967 – Aline Brosh McKenna, American screenwriter and producer 1968 – Stefan Effenberg, German footballer and sportscaster 1969 – Cedric Ceballos, American basketball player 1969 – Fernando Couto, Portuguese footballer and manager 1970 – Tony Amonte, American ice hockey player and coach 1970 – Kevin Smith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[30] 1970 – Philo Wallace, Barbadian cricketer 1971 – Jason Bell, Australian rugby league player 1971 – Michael Hughes, Irish footballer and manager 1972 – Mohamed Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabian footballer 1972 – Muriel Bowser, American politician, Mayor of Washington, D.C.[31] 1973 – Danie Keulder, Namibian cricketer 1973 – Miguel Mendonca, Zimbabwean journalist and author 1973 – Susie O'Neill, Australian swimmer 1974 – Phil Williams, English journalist and radio host 1975 – Mineiro, Brazilian footballer 1975 – Xu Huaiwen, Chinese-German badminton player and coach 1975 – Tamás Molnár, Hungarian water polo player 1976 – Reyes Estévez, Spanish runner 1976 – Jay Heaps, American soccer player and coach 1976 – Michael Weiss, American figure skater 1976 – Sam Worthington, English-Australian actor and producer[29] 1976 – Mohammad Zahid, Pakistani cricketer 1977 – Edward Furlong, American actor[29] 1978 – Goran Gavrančić, Serbian footballer 1978 – Matt Guerrier, American baseball player 1978 – Deividas Šemberas, Lithuanian footballer 1978 – Dragan Vukmir, Serbian footballer 1979 – Marco Bonura, Italian footballer 1979 – Reuben Kosgei, Kenyan runner 1980 – Ivica Banović, Croatian footballer 1981 – Alexander Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist and boxer 1981 – Tim Murtagh, English-Irish cricketer 1982 – Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer 1982 – Kerry Rhodes, American football player 1982 – Grady Sizemore, American baseball player 1983 – Michel Bastos, Brazilian footballer 1983 – Huston Street, American baseball player[32] 1984 – Giampaolo Pazzini, Italian footballer 1984 – JD Vance, American politician[33] 1985 – Stephen Ferris, Irish rugby player 1985 – David Hart Smith, Canadian wrestler 1985 – Britt Nicole, American Christian pop artist 1986 – Mathieu Razanakolona, Canadian skier 1986 – Lily Gladstone, American actress[34] 1988 – Rob Kwiet, Canadian ice hockey player 1988 – Golden Tate, American football player[35] 1989 – Nacer Chadli, Belgian footballer 1990 – Ima Bohush, Belarusian tennis player 1990 – Vitalia Diatchenko, Russian tennis player[36] 1990 – Skylar Diggins-Smith, American basketball player[37] 1991 – Evander Kane, Canadian ice hockey player[38] 1992 – Charli XCX, English singer-songwriter[39] 1993 – Gael Bussa, Congolese politician[40] 1994 – Cr1TiKaL, American YouTuber and streamer[41] 1994 – Laura Pigossi, Brazilian tennis player 1994 – Laremy Tunsil, American football player 1995 – Kristaps Porziņģis, Latvian basketball player 1995 – Vikkstar123, English internet personality[42] 1996 – Keston Hiura, American baseball player[43] 1996 – Simone Manuel, American swimmer[44] 1997 – Austin Theory, American wrestler[45] 1999 – Mark Lee, Korean-Canadian singer[46] 2000 – Varvara Gracheva, Russian tennis player[47] 2000 – Mohammed Kudus, Ghanaian footballer[48] Deaths Pre-1600 216 BC – Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, Roman consul 216 BC – Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman consul and general 216 BC – Marcus Minucius Rufus, Roman consul 257 – Pope Stephen I 575 – Ahudemmeh, Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East.[49] 640 – Pope Severinus 686 – Pope John V[50] 855 – Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Arab theologian and jurist (b. 780) 924 – Ælfweard of Wessex (b. 904) 1075 – Patriarch John VIII of Constantinople 1100 – William II of England (b. 1056)[51] 1222 – Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (b. 1156) 1277 – Mu'in al-Din Sulaiman Pervane, Chancellor and Regent of the Sultanate of Rum 1316 – Louis of Burgundy (b. 1297) 1330 – Yolande of Dreux, Queen consort of Scotland and Duchess consort of Brittany (b. 1263)[52] 1332 – King Christopher II of Denmark (b. 1276) 1415 – Thomas Grey, English conspirator (b. 1384) 1445 – Oswald von Wolkenstein, Austrian poet and composer (b. 1376) 1451 – Elizabeth of Görlitz (b. 1390) 1511 – Andrew Barton, Scottish admiral (b. 1466) 1512 – Alessandro Achillini, Italian physician and philosopher (b. 1463) 1589 – Henry III of France (b. 1551) 1601–1900 1605 – Richard Leveson, English admiral (b. c. 1570) 1611 – Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1562) 1667 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss architect, designed San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane and Sant'Agnese in Agone (b. 1599) 1696 – Robert Campbell of Glenlyon (b. 1630) 1769 – Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1689) 1788 – Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (b. 1727) 1799 – Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon (b. 1745) 1815 – Guillaume Brune, French general and politician (b. 1763) 1823 – Lazare Carnot, French mathematician, general, and politician, president of the National Convention (b. 1753) 1834 – Harriet Arbuthnot, English diarist (b. 1793) 1849 – Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Ottoman Albanian commander (b. 1769) 1854 – Heinrich Clauren, German author (b. 1771) 1859 – Horace Mann, American educator and politician (b. 1796) 1876 – "Wild Bill" Hickok, American sheriff (b. 1837) 1889 – Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (b. 1851) 1890 – Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet and author (b. 1813) 1901–present 1903 – Eduard Magnus Jakobson, Estonian missionary and engraver (b. 1847) 1903 – Edmond Nocard, French veterinarian and microbiologist (b. 1850) 1911 – Ioryi Mucitano, Aromanian revolutionary[53] 1913 – Ferenc Pfaff, Hungarian architect and academic, designed Zagreb Central Station (b. 1851) 1915 – John Downer, Australian politician, 16th premier of South Australia (b. 1843) 1917 – Jaan Mahlapuu, Estonian military pilot (b. 1894) 1921 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor and actor (b. 1873) 1922 – Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-Canadian engineer, invented the telephone (b. 1847) 1923 – Warren G. Harding, American journalist and politician, 29th president of the United States (b. 1865) 1923 – Joseph Whitty, Irish Republican died on hunger strike during the 1923 Irish Hunger Strikes (b. 1904)[54] 1934 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd president of Germany (b. 1847) 1937 – Artur Sirk, Estonian soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1900) 1939 – Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic and author (b. 1883) 1945 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer and educator (b. 1863) 1955 – Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1901) 1955 – Wallace Stevens, American poet and educator (b. 1879) 1963 – Oliver La Farge, American anthropologist and author (b. 1901) 1967 – Walter Terence Stace, English-American epistemologist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1886) 1970 – Angus MacFarlane-Grieve, English academic, mathematician, rower, and soldier (b. 1891) 1972 – Brian Cole, American bass player (b. 1942) 1972 – Paul Goodman, American psychotherapist and author (b. 1911) 1972 – Helen Hoyt, American poet and author (b. 1887) 1973 – Ismail Abdul Rahman, Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia (b. 1915)[55] 1973 – Jean-Pierre Melville, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1917) 1974 – Douglas Hawkes, English race car driver and businessman (b. 1893) 1976 – László Kalmár, Hungarian mathematician and academic (b. 1905) 1976 – Fritz Lang, Austrian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1890) 1978 – Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer and conductor (b. 1899) 1978 – Antony Noghès, French businessman, founded the Monaco Grand Prix (b. 1890) 1979 – Thurman Munson, American baseball player (b. 1947)[56] 1981 – Kieran Doherty, Irish hunger striker and politician (b. 1955)[57] 1981 – Stefanie Clausen, Danish diver (b. 1900) 1983 – James Jamerson, American bass player[58] (b. 1936) 1986 – Roy Cohn, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927) 1988 – Joe Carcione, American activist and author (b. 1914) 1988 – Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet (b. 1938) 1990 – Norman Maclean, American short story writer and essayist (b. 1902) 1990 – Edwin Richfield, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1921) 1992 – Michel Berger, French singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1947) 1996 – Michel Debré, French lawyer and politician, 150th prime minister of France (b. 1912) 1996 – Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1917) 1996 – Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Somalian general and politician, 5th president of Somalia (b. 1934)[59] 1997 – William S. Burroughs, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1914) 1997 – Harald Kihle, Norwegian painter and illustrator (b. 1905)[60] 1997 – Fela Kuti, Nigerian singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1938) 1998 – Shari Lewis, American television host and puppeteer (b. 1933) 1999 – Willie Morris, American writer (b. 1934) 2003 – Peter Safar, Austrian-American physician and academic (b. 1924) 2004 – Ferenc Berényi, Hungarian painter and academic (b. 1929) 2004 – François Craenhals, Belgian illustrator (b. 1926) 2004 – Heinrich Mark, Estonian lawyer and politician, 5th prime minister of Estonia in exile (b. 1911) 2005 – Steven Vincent, American journalist and author (b. 1955) 2007 – Chauncey Bailey, American journalist (b. 1950) 2008 – Fujio Akatsuka, Japanese illustrator (b. 1935) 2011 – José Sanchis Grau, Spanish author and illustrator (b. 1932) 2012 – Gabriel Horn, English biologist and academic (b. 1927) 2012 – Magnus Isacsson, Canadian director and producer (b. 1948) 2012 – Jimmy Jones, American singer-songwriter (b. 1930) 2012 – John Keegan, English historian and journalist (b. 1934) 2012 – Bernd Meier, German footballer (b. 1972) 2012 – Marguerite Piazza, American soprano (b. 1920) 2013 – Julius L. Chambers, American lawyer and activist (b. 1936) 2013 – Richard E. Dauch, American businessman, co-founded American Axle (b. 1942) 2013 – Alla Kushnir, Russian–Israeli chess player (b. 1941) 2014 – Ed Joyce, American journalist (b. 1932) 2014 – Billie Letts, American author and educator (b. 1938) 2014 – Barbara Prammer, Austrian social worker and politician (b. 1954) 2014 – James Thompson, American-Finnish author (b. 1964) 2015 – Forrest Bird, American pilot and engineer (b. 1921) 2015 – Giovanni Conso, Italian jurist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (b. 1922) 2015 – Piet Fransen, Dutch footballer (b. 1936) 2015 – Jack Spring, American baseball player (b. 1933)[61] 2016 – Terence Bayler, New Zealand actor (b. 1930) 2016 – David Huddleston, American actor (b. 1930) 2016 – Franciszek Macharski, Polish cardinal (b. 1927) 2016 – Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1946) 2017 – Judith Jones, American literary and cookbook editor (b. 1924)[62] 2020 – Suzanne Perlman, Hungarian-Dutch visual artist (b. 1922)[63] 2022 – Vin Scully, American sportscaster and game show host (b. 1927)[64] 2023 – Nitin Chandrakant Desai, Indian art director, production designer, and film and television producer (b. 1965)[65] Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Ahudemmeh (Syriac Orthodox Church).[66] Basil Fool for Christ (Russian Orthodox Church) Justin Russolillo Eusebius of Vercelli Peter Faber Peter Julian Eymard Plegmund[67] Pope Stephen I Portiuncola Indulgence ("Pardon of Assisi"), the plenary indulgence related to St. Francis of Assisi (Catholic Church).[68] Samuel David Ferguson (Episcopal Church)[citation needed] August 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Day of Azerbaijani cinema (Azerbaijan) Our Lady of the Angels Day (Costa Rica) Paratroopers Day (Russia) Republic Day (North Macedonia) Romani genocide-related observances, including: Roma Holocaust Memorial Day (Council of Europe, European Parliament)

August 1 is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 152 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis. 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. 607 – Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607). 902 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily.[1] 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Byzantine Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade. 1291 – The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter. 1469 – Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in Amboise. 1498 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela. 1571 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta. 1601–1900 1620 – Speedwell leaves Delfshaven to bring pilgrims to America by way of England. 1664 – Ottoman forces are defeated in the battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár. 1714 – George, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain, marking the beginning of the Georgian era of British history. 1759 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Minden, an allied Anglo-German army victory over the French. In Britain this was one of a number of events that constituted the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 and is celebrated as Minden Day by certain British Army regiments. 1774 – British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.[2] 1800 – The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1801 – First Barbary War: The American schooner USS Enterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya. 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, although it remains legal in the possessions of the East India Company until the passage of the Indian Slavery Act, 1843. 1834 – Construction begins on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.[3] 1842 – The Lombard Street riot erupts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 1849 – Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.[4] 1855 – The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps. 1863 – At the suggestion of Senator J. V. Snellman and the order of Emperor Alexander II, full rights are promised to the Finnish language by a language regulation in the Grand Duchy of Finland.[5] 1876 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state. 1893 – Henry Perky patents shredded wheat. 1894 – The Empire of Japan and Qing China declare war on each other after a week of fighting over Korea, formally inaugurating the First Sino-Japanese War. 1901–present 1907 – The start of the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island, the origin of the worldwide Scouting movement. 1911 – Harriet Quimby takes her pilot's test and becomes the first U.S. woman to earn an Aero Club of America aviator's certificate. 1914 – World War I: The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire. 1914 – World War I: The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I. 1915 – Patrick Pearse gives his famous speech "Ireland unfree shall never be at peace" at O'Donovan Rossa's funeral in Dublin.[6] 1927 – The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army. 1933 – Anti-Fascist activists Bruno Tesch, Walter Möller, Karl Wolff and August Lütgens are executed by the Nazi regime in Altona. 1936 – The Olympics opened in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler. 1937 – Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor. 1943 – World War II: Operation Tidal Wave also known as "Black Sunday", was a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields. 1944 – World War II: The Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi German occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland. 1946 – Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason. 1950 – Guam is organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States as the President Harry S. Truman signs the Guam Organic Act.[7] 1957 – The United States and Canada form the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). 1960 – Dahomey (later renamed Benin) declares independence from France. 1960 – Islamabad is declared the federal capital of the Government of Pakistan. 1961 – U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara orders the creation of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the nation's first centralized military espionage organization. 1964 – The former Belgian Congo is renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1965 – Frank Herbert's novel, Dune was published for the first time. It was named as the world's best-selling science fiction novel in 2003. 1966 – Charles Whitman kills 16 people at the University of Texas at Austin before being killed by the police. 1966 – Purges of intellectuals and imperialists becomes official China policy at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. 1968 – The coronation of Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei, is held. 1971 – The Concert for Bangladesh, organized by former Beatle George Harrison, is held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. 1974 – Cyprus dispute: The United Nations Security Council authorizes the UNFICYP to create the "Green Line", dividing Cyprus into two zones. 1976 – Niki Lauda has a severe accident that almost claims his life at the German Grand Prix at Nurburgring.[8][9] 1980 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland and becomes the world's first democratically elected female head of state. 1980 – A train crash kills 18 people in County Cork, Ireland. 1981 – MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles. 1984 – Commercial peat-cutters discover the preserved bog body of a man, called Lindow Man, at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, England. 1988 – A British soldier was killed in the Inglis Barracks bombing in London, England.[10] 1990 – A plane crash in the Karabakh Range kills 46 people.[11] 1993 – The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 comes to a peak. 2004 – A supermarket fire kills 396 people and injures 500 others in Asunción, Paraguay. 2007 – The I-35W Mississippi River bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapses during the evening rush hour, killing 13 people and injuring 145. 2008 – The Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway begins operation as the fastest commuter rail system in the world. 2008 – Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions died on K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth in the worst single accident in the history of K2 mountaineering. 2017 – A suicide attack on a mosque in Herat, Afghanistan kills 20 people. 2023 – Former US President Donald Trump is indicted for his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, his third indictment in 2023.[12] Births Pre-1600 10 BC – Claudius, Roman emperor (d. 54)[13] 126 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (d. 193) 845 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese scholar and politician (d. 903) 992 – Hyeonjong of Goryeo, Korean king (d. 1031) 1068 – Emperor Taizu of Jin, Chinese emperor (d. 1123) 1313 – Kōgon, Japanese emperor (d. 1364) 1377 – Go-Komatsu, Japanese emperor (d. 1433) 1385 – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (d. 1421) 1410 – John IV, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (d. 1475) 1492 – Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (d. 1566) 1520 – Sigismund II, Polish king (d. 1572) 1545 – Andrew Melville, Scottish theologian and scholar (d. 1622)[14] 1555 – Edward Kelley, English spirit medium (d. 1597)[15] 1579 – Luis Vélez de Guevara, Spanish author and playwright (d. 1644) 1601–1900 1626 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi and theorist (d. 1676) 1630 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1673)[16] 1659 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (d. 1734)[17] 1713 – Charles I, German duke and prince (d. 1780) 1714 – Richard Wilson, Welsh painter and academic (d. 1782) 1738 – Jacques François Dugommier, French general (d. 1794) 1744 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier, biologist, and academic (d. 1829) 1770 – William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician, 4th Governor of Missouri Territory (d. 1838)[18] 1779 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and poet (d. 1843)[19] 1779 – Lorenz Oken, German-Swiss botanist, biologist, and ornithologist (d. 1851) 1809 – William B. Travis, American colonel and lawyer (d. 1836)[20] 1815 – Richard Henry Dana Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1882)[21] 1818 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (d. 1889)[22] 1819 – Herman Melville, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1891)[23] 1831 – Antonio Cotogni, Italian opera singer and educator (d. 1918)[24] 1843 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War (d. 1926)[25] 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer (d. 1883) 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French lawyer and politician, 13th President of France (d. 1937) 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1884)[26] 1860 – Bazil Assan, Romanian engineer and explorer (d. 1918)[27] 1861 – Sammy Jones, Australian cricketer (d. 1951) 1865 – Isobel Lilian Gloag, English painter (d. 1917) 1871 – John Lester, American cricketer and soccer player (d. 1969) 1877 – George Hackenschmidt, Estonian-English wrestler and strongman (d. 1968) 1878 – Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Greek physician and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1961) 1881 – Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician and academic (d. 1940) 1885 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)[28] 1889 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist and academic (d. 1979)[29] 1891 – Karl Kobelt, Swiss lawyer and politician, 52nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1968) 1893 – Alexander of Greece (d. 1920) 1894 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (d. 1927) 1898 – Morris Stoloff, American composer and musical director (d. 1980) 1899 – Raymond Mays, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1980)[30] 1900 – Otto Nothling, Australian cricketer and rugby player (d. 1965) 1901–present 1901 – Francisco Guilledo, Filipino boxer (d. 1925) 1903 – Paul Horgan, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1995)[31] 1905 – Helen Sawyer Hogg, American-Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1993)[32] 1907 – Eric Shipton, Sri Lankan-English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1977)[33] 1910 – James Henry Govier, English painter and illustrator (d. 1974) 1910 – Walter Scharf, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)[34] 1910 – Gerda Taro, German war photographer (d. 1937) 1911 – Jackie Ormes, American journalist and cartoonist (d. 1985) 1912 – David Brand, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1979) 1912 – Gego, German-Venezuelan sculptor and academic (d. 1994)[35] 1912 – Henry Jones, American actor (d. 1999)[36] 1914 – Jack Delano, American photographer and composer (d. 1997)[37] 1914 – Alan Moore, Australian painter and educator (d. 2015)[38] 1914 – J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)[39] 1916 – Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)[40] 1916 – Anne Hébert, Canadian author and poet (d. 2000) 1918 – T. J. Jemison, American minister and activist (d. 2013)[41] 1919 – Stanley Middleton, English author (d. 2009)[42] 1920 – Raul Renter, Estonian economist and chess player (d. 1992) 1920 – James Mourilyan Tanner, British paediatric endocrinologist (d. 2010)[43] 1921 – Jack Kramer, American tennis player, sailor, and sportscaster (d. 2009)[44] 1921 – Pat McDonald, Australian actress (d. 1990) 1922 – Arthur Hill, Canadian-American actor (d. 2006) 1924 – Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (d. 2015) 1924 – Frank Havens, American canoeist (d. 2018)[45] 1924 – Marcia Mae Jones, American actress and singer (d. 2007)[46] 1924 – Frank Worrell, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1967) 1925 – Ernst Jandl, Austrian poet and author (d. 2000) 1926 – George Habash, Palestinian politician, founder of the PFLP (d. 2008)[47] 1926 – George Hauptfuhrer, American basketball player and lawyer (d. 2013) 1926 – Hannah Hauxwell, English TV personality (d. 2018)[48] 1927 – María Teresa López Boegeholz, Chilean oceanographer (d. 2006) 1927 – Anthony G. Bosco, American bishop (d. 2013) 1928 – Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)[49] 1929 – Leila Abashidze, Georgian actress (d. 2018)[50] 1929 – Hafizullah Amin, Afghan educator and politician, Afghan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1979) 1929 – Ann Calvello, American roller derby racer (d. 2006)[51] 1930 – Lionel Bart, English composer (d. 1999)[52] 1930 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (d. 2002)[53] 1930 – Julie Bovasso, American actress and writer (d. 1991) 1930 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American lieutenant and politician, 62nd United States Secretary of State (d. 2011)[54] 1930 – Károly Grósz, Hungarian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1996) 1930 – Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)[55] 1931 – Ramblin' Jack Elliott, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[56] 1931 – Trevor Goddard, South African cricketer (d. 2016)[57] 1932 – Meir Kahane, American-Israeli rabbi and activist, founded the Jewish Defense League (d. 1990)[58] 1933 – Dom DeLuise, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2009)[59] 1933 – Masaichi Kaneda, Japanese baseball player and manager (d. 2019)[60] 1933 – Meena Kumari, Indian actress (d. 1972) 1933 – Teri Shields, American actress, producer, and agent (d. 2012) 1933 – Dušan Třeštík, Czech historian and author (d. 2007) 1934 – John Beck, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2000) 1934 – Derek Birdsall, English graphic designer (d. 2024)[61] 1935 – Geoff Pullar, English cricketer (d. 2014)[62] 1936 – W. D. Hamilton, British biologist, psychologist, and academic (d. 2000)[63] 1936 – Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-French fashion designer, co-founded Yves Saint Laurent (d. 2008)[64] 1936 – Laurie Taylor, English sociologist, radio host, and academic 1937 – Al D'Amato, American lawyer and politician 1939 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (d. 2015) 1939 – Terry Kiser, American actor 1939 – Stephen Sykes, English bishop and theologian (d. 2014) 1939 – Robert James Waller, American author and photographer (d. 2017)[65] 1940 – Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, Iranian writer and actor 1940 – Mervyn Kitchen, English cricketer and umpire 1940 – Henry Silverman, American businessman, founded Cendant 1941 – Ron Brown, American captain and politician, 30th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1996) 1941 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French songwriter and screenwriter (d. 2004)[66] 1942 – Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995)[67] 1942 – Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1944 – Dmitry Nikolayevich Filippov, Russian banker and politician (d. 1998) 1945 – Douglas Osheroff, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1946 – Boz Burrell, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and guitarist (d. 2006) 1946 – Rick Coonce, American drummer (d. 2011) 1946 – Richard O. Covey, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut 1946 – Fiona Stanley, Australian epidemiologist and academic 1947 – Lorna Goodison, Jamaican poet and author 1947 – Chantal Montellier, French comics creator and artist[68] 1948 – Avi Arad, Israeli-American screenwriter and producer, founded Marvel Studios 1948 – Cliff Branch, American football player (d. 2019)[69] 1948 – David Gemmell, English journalist and author (d. 2006)[70] 1949 – Bettina Arndt, Australian writer and commentator[71] 1949 – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyzstani politician, 2nd President of Kyrgyzstan 1949 – Jim Carroll, American poet, author, and musician (d. 2009)[72] 1949 – Ray Nettles, American football player (d. 2009) 1950 – Roy Williams, American basketball player and coach 1951 – Tim Bachman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2023)[73] 1951 – Tommy Bolin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976) 1951 – Pete Mackanin, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1952 – Zoran Đinđić, Serbian philosopher and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2003)[74] 1953 – Robert Cray, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist[75] 1953 – Howard Kurtz, American journalist and author 1954 – Trevor Berbick, Jamaican-Canadian boxer (d. 2006) 1954 – James Gleick, American journalist and author 1954 – Benno Möhlmann, German footballer and manager 1957 – Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (d. 2020)[76] 1957 – Taylor Negron, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)[77] 1958 – Rob Buck, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2000) 1958 – Michael Penn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1958 – Kiki Vandeweghe, American basketball player and coach 1959 – Joe Elliott, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1960 – Chuck D, American rapper and songwriter[78] 1960 – Suzi Gardner, American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Jacob Matlala, South African boxer (d. 2013) 1963 – Demián Bichir, Mexican-American actor and producer 1963 – Coolio, American rapper, producer, and actor (d. 2022)[79] 1963 – John Carroll Lynch, American actor 1963 – Koichi Wakata, Japanese astronaut and engineer[80] 1963 – Dean Wareham, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist 1964 – Adam Duritz, American singer-songwriter and producer 1964 – Fiona Hyslop, Scottish businesswoman and politician 1964 – Augusta Read Thomas, American composer, conductor and educator 1965 – Brandt Jobe, American golfer 1965 – Sam Mendes, English director and producer 1966 – James St. James, American club promoter and author 1967 – Gregg Jefferies, American baseball player and coach 1967 – José Padilha, Brazilian director, producer and screenwriter 1968 – Stacey Augmon, American basketball player and coach 1968 – Dan Donegan, American heavy metal guitarist and songwriter 1968 – Shigetoshi Hasegawa, Japanese baseball player and sportscaster 1969 – Andrei Borissov, Estonian footballer and manager 1969 – Kevin Jarvis, American baseball player and scout 1969 – Graham Thorpe, English cricketer and journalist 1970 – Quentin Coryatt, American football player 1970 – David James, English footballer and manager 1970 – Eugenie van Leeuwen, Dutch cricketer 1972 – Nicke Andersson, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1972 – Christer Basma, Norwegian footballer and coach 1972 – Todd Bouman, American football player and coach 1972 – Thomas Woods, American historian, economist, and academic 1973 – Gregg Berhalter, American soccer player and coach 1973 – Tempestt Bledsoe, American actress 1973 – Veerle Dejaeghere, Belgian runner 1973 – Edurne Pasaban, Spanish mountaineer 1974 – Cher Calvin, American journalist 1974 – Marek Galiński, Polish cyclist (d. 2014) 1974 – Tyron Henderson, South African cricketer 1974 – Dennis Lawrence, Trinidadian footballer and coach 1974 – Beckie Scott, Canadian skier 1975 – Vhrsti, Czech author and illustrator 1976 – Don Hertzfeldt, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor 1976 – Søren Jochumsen, Danish footballer 1976 – Nwankwo Kanu, Nigerian footballer 1976 – David Nemirovsky, Canadian ice hockey player 1976 – Hasan Şaş, Turkish footballer and manager 1976 – Cristian Stoica, Romanian-Italian rugby player 1977 – Marc Denis, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster 1977 – Haspop, French-Moroccan dancer, choreographer, and actor 1977 – Darnerien McCants, American-Canadian football player 1977 – Damien Saez, French singer-songwriter and guitarist 1977 – Yoshi Tatsu, Japanese wrestler and boxer 1978 – Andy Blignaut, Zimbabwean cricketer 1978 – Björn Ferry, Swedish biathlete 1978 – Dhani Harrison, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1978 – Chris Iwelumo, Scottish footballer 1978 – Edgerrin James, American football player 1979 – Junior Agogo, Ghanaian footballer (d. 2019) 1979 – Nathan Fien, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player 1979 – Jason Momoa, American actor, director, and producer 1979 – Grant Wooden, Australian rugby league player[81] 1980 – Mancini, Brazilian footballer 1980 – Romain Barras, French decathlete 1980 – Esteban Paredes, Chilean footballer 1981 – Dean Cox, Australian footballer 1981 – Pia Haraldsen, Norwegian journalist and author 1981 – Christofer Heimeroth, German footballer 1981 – Stephen Hunt, Irish footballer 1981 – Jamie Jones-Buchanan, English rugby player 1982 – Basem Fathi, Jordanian footballer 1982 – Montserrat Lombard, English actress, director, and screenwriter 1983 – Bobby Carpenter, American football player 1983 – Craig Clarke, New Zealand rugby player 1983 – Julien Faubert, French footballer 1983 – David Gervasi, Swiss decathlete 1984 – Steve Feak, American game designer 1984 – Francesco Gavazzi, Italian cyclist 1984 – Brandon Kintzler, American baseball player 1984 – Bastian Schweinsteiger, German footballer 1985 – Stuart Holden, Scottish-American soccer player 1985 – Adam Jones, American baseball player 1985 – Cole Kimball, American baseball player 1985 – Tendai Mtawarira, South African rugby player 1985 – Kris Stadsgaard, Danish footballer 1985 – Dušan Švento, Slovak footballer 1986 – Damien Allen, English footballer 1986 – Anton Strålman, Swedish ice hockey player 1986 – Andrew Taylor, English footballer 1986 – Elena Vesnina, Russian tennis player 1986 – Mike Wallace, American football player 1987 – Iago Aspas, Spanish footballer 1987 – Karen Carney, English women's footballer 1987 – Taapsee Pannu, Indian actress[82] 1987 – Sébastien Pocognoli, Belgian footballer 1987 – Lee Wallace, Scottish footballer 1988 – Mustafa Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer 1988 – Patryk Małecki, Polish footballer 1988 – Nemanja Matić, Serbian footballer[83] 1988 – Bodene Thompson, New Zealand rugby league player 1989 – Madison Bumgarner, American baseball player 1989 – Tiffany Young, Korean American singer, songwriter, and actress[84] 1990 – Aledmys Díaz, Cuban baseball player 1990 – Elton Jantjies, South African rugby player 1991 – Piotr Malarczyk, Polish footballer 1991 – Marco Puntoriere, Italian footballer 1992 – Austin Rivers, American basketball player 1992 – Mrunal Thakur, Indian actress 1993 – Álex Abrines, Spanish basketball player 1993 – Leon Thomas III, American actor and singer 1993 – Saleh Gomaa, Egyptian footballer[85] 1994 – Sergeal Petersen, South African rugby player 1994 – Ayaka Wada, Japanese singer 1995 – Madison Cawthorn, American politician[86] 1996 – Katie Boulter, British tennis player[87] 2001 – Scottie Barnes, American basketball player[88] 2001 – Park Si-eun, South Korean actress 2001 – Ben Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player[89] 2003 – Joseph Sua'ali'i, Australian-Samoan rugby league player[90] Deaths Pre-1600 30 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (b. 83 BC)[91] 371 – Eusebius of Vercelli, Italian bishop and saint (b. 283) 527 – Justin I, Byzantine emperor (b. 450) 690s – Jonatus, abbot and saint[92] 873 – Thachulf, duke of Thuringia 946 – Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, Abbasid vizier (b. 859) 946 – Lady Xu Xinyue, Chinese queen (b. 902) 953 – Yingtian, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 879) 984 – Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester[93] 1098 – Adhemar of Le Puy, French papal legate 1137 – Louis VI, king of France (b. 1081) 1146 – Vsevolod II of Kiev, Russian prince[94] 1227 – Shimazu Tadahisa, Japanese warlord (b. 1179) 1252 – Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Italian archbishop and explorer (b. 1180) 1299 – Conrad de Lichtenberg, Bishop of Strasbourg (b. 1240) 1402 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1341)[95] 1457 – Lorenzo Valla, Italian author and educator (b. 1406) 1464 – Cosimo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1386) 1494 – Giovanni Santi, artist and father of Raphael (b. c. 1435)[96] 1541 – Simon Grynaeus, German theologian and scholar (b. 1493) 1543 – Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1488) 1546 – Peter Faber, French Jesuit theologian (b. 1506) 1557 – Olaus Magnus, Swedish archbishop, historian, and cartographer (b. 1490) 1580 – Albrecht Giese, Polish-German politician and diplomat (b. 1524) 1589 – Jacques Clément, French assassin of Henry III of France (b. 1567) 1601–1900 1603 – Matthew Browne, English politician (b. 1563) 1714 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1665)[97] 1787 – Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1696) 1795 – Clas Bjerkander, Swedish meteorologist, botanist, and entomologist (b. 1735) 1796 – Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, English colonel and politician (b. 1720) 1797 – Emanuel Granberg, Finnish church painter (b. 1754)[98] 1798 – François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, French admiral (b. 1753) 1807 – John Boorman, English cricketer (b. c. 1754) 1807 – John Walker, English actor, philologist, and lexicographer (b. 1732) 1808 – Lady Diana Beauclerk, English painter and illustrator (b. 1734)[99] 1812 – Yakov Kulnev, Russian general (b. 1763) 1851 – William Joseph Behr, German publicist and academic (b. 1775) 1863 – Jind Kaur Majarani (Regent) of the Sikh Empire (b. 1817)[100] 1866 – John Ross, American tribal chief (b. 1790)[101] 1869 – Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1815) 1869 – Peter Julian Eymard, French Priest and founder of the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament (b. 1811) 1901–present 1903 – Calamity Jane, American frontierswoman and scout (b. 1853)[102] 1911 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter and illustrator (b. 1852)[103] 1911 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American lawyer and politician (b. 1843)[104] 1918 – John Riley Banister, American cowboy and police officer (b. 1854) 1920 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian freedom fighter, lawyer and journalist (b. 1856)[105] 1921 – T.J. Ryan, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Queensland (b. 1876) 1922 – Donát Bánki, Hungarian engineer (b. 1856) 1929 – Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (b. 1870) 1938 – Edmund C. Tarbell, American painter and academic (b. 1862)[106] 1943 – Lydia Litvyak, Soviet lieutenant and pilot (b. 1921) 1944 – Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (b. 1878) 1957 – Rose Fyleman, English writer and poet (b. 1877)[107] 1959 – Jean Behra, French race car driver (b. 1921) 1963 – Theodore Roethke, American poet (b. 1908) 1966 – Charles Whitman, American murderer (b. 1941) 1967 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1900) 1970 – Frances Farmer, American actress (b. 1913) 1970 – Doris Fleeson, American journalist (b. 1901) 1970 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883) 1973 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (b. 1882) 1973 – Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (b. 1893) 1974 – Ildebrando Antoniutti, Italian cardinal (b. 1898) 1977 – Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (b. 1929) 1980 – Patrick Depailler, French race car driver (b. 1944) 1980 – Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919) 1981 – Paddy Chayefsky, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1923) 1981 – Kevin Lynch, Irish Republican, Hunger Striker[108] 1982 – T. Thirunavukarasu, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1933) 1989 – John Ogdon, English pianist and composer (b. 1937) 1990 – Norbert Elias, German-Dutch sociologist, author, and academic (b. 1897) 1996 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) 1996 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician and surgeon (b. 1929) 1998 – Eva Bartok, Hungarian-British actress (b. 1927) 2001 – Korey Stringer, American football player (b. 1974) 2003 – Guy Thys, Belgian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1922) 2003 – Marie Trintignant, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1962) 2004 – Philip Abelson, American physicist and author (b. 1913) 2005 – Al Aronowitz, American journalist (b. 1928) 2005 – Wim Boost, Dutch cartoonist and educator (b. 1918) 2005 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter and sculptor (b. 1920) 2005 – Fahd of Saudi Arabia (b. 1923) 2006 – Bob Thaves, American illustrator (b. 1924) 2006 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and activist (b. 1949) 2007 – Tommy Makem, Irish singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1932) 2008 – Gertan Klauber, Czech-English actor (b. 1932) 2008 – Harkishan Singh Surjeet, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1916) 2009 – Corazon Aquino, Filipino politician, 11th President of the Philippines (b. 1933) 2010 – Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican-American activist (b. 1919) 2010 – Eric Tindill, New Zealand rugby player and cricketer (b. 1910) 2012 – Aldo Maldera, Italian footballer and agent (b. 1953) 2012 – Douglas Townsend, American composer and musicologist (b. 1921) 2012 – Barry Trapnell, English cricketer and academic (b. 1924) 2013 – John Amis, English journalist and critic (b. 1922) 2013 – Gail Kobe, American actress and producer (b. 1932) 2013 – Babe Martin, American baseball player (b. 1920) 2013 – Toby Saks, American cellist and educator (b. 1942) 2013 – Wilford White, American football player (b. 1928) 2014 – Valyantsin Byalkevich, Belarusian footballer and manager (b. 1973) 2014 – Jan Roar Leikvoll, Norwegian author (b. 1974) 2014 – Charles T. Payne, American soldier (b. 1925) 2014 – Mike Smith, English radio and television host (b. 1955) 2015 – Stephan Beckenbauer, German footballer and manager (b. 1968) 2015 – Cilla Black, English singer and actress (b. 1943) 2015 – Bernard d'Espagnat, French physicist, philosopher, and author (b. 1921) 2015 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (b. 1939) 2015 – Hong Yuanshuo, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1948) 2016 – Queen Anne of Romania (b. 1923) 2020 – Wilford Brimley, American actor and singer (b. 1934)[109] 2020 – Rickey Dixon, American professional football player (b. 1966)[110] 2020 – Rodney H. Pardey, American poker player (b. 1945)[111] 2021 – Abdalqadir as-Sufi, Scottish Islamic scholar and writer (b. 1930)[112] 2021 – Jerry Ziesmer, American assistant director, production manager and occasional actor (b. 1939)[113] Holidays and observances Armed Forces Day (Lebanon) Armed Forces Day (China) or Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Liberation Army (People's Republic of China) Azerbaijani Language and Alphabet Day (Azerbaijan) Emancipation Day is commemorated in many parts of the former British Empire, which marks the day the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 came into effect which abolished chattel slavery in the British Empire:[114] Emancipation Day is a public holiday in Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago Christian feast day: Abgar V of Edessa (Syrian Church) Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori Æthelwold of Winchester Bernard Võ Văn Duệ (one of Vietnamese Martyrs) Blessed Gerhard Hirschfelder Eusebius of Vercelli Exuperius of Bayeux Felix of Girona Peter Apostle in Chains Procession of the Cross and the beginning of Dormition Fast (Eastern Orthodoxy) The Holy Maccabees August 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Minden Day (United Kingdom) National Day, celebrates the independence of Benin from France in 1960. National Day, commemorates Switzerland becoming a single unit in 1291. Official Birthday and Coronation Day of the King of Tonga (Tonga) Parents' Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Statehood Day (Colorado) Swiss National Day (Switzerland) The beginning of autumn observances in the Northern hemisphere and spring observances in the Southern hemisphere (Neopagan Wheel of the Year Lughnasadh in the Northern hemisphere, Imbolc in the Southern hemisphere; traditionally begins on the eve of August 1. (Gaels, Ireland, Scotland, Neopagans) Lammas (England, Scotland, Neopagans) Pachamama Raymi (Quechuan in Ecuador and Peru) Victory Day (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) World Scout Scarf Day Yorkshire Day (Yorkshire, England)

August 1 is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 152 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis. 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. 607 – Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607). 902 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily.[1] 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Byzantine Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade. 1291 – The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter. 1469 – Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in Amboise. 1498 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela. 1571 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta. 1601–1900 1620 – Speedwell leaves Delfshaven to bring pilgrims to America by way of England. 1664 – Ottoman forces are defeated in the battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár. 1714 – George, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain, marking the beginning of the Georgian era of British history. 1759 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Minden, an allied Anglo-German army victory over the French. In Britain this was one of a number of events that constituted the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 and is celebrated as Minden Day by certain British Army regiments. 1774 – British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.[2] 1800 – The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1801 – First Barbary War: The American schooner USS Enterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya. 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, although it remains legal in the possessions of the East India Company until the passage of the Indian Slavery Act, 1843. 1834 – Construction begins on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.[3] 1842 – The Lombard Street riot erupts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 1849 – Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.[4] 1855 – The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps. 1863 – At the suggestion of Senator J. V. Snellman and the order of Emperor Alexander II, full rights are promised to the Finnish language by a language regulation in the Grand Duchy of Finland.[5] 1876 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state. 1893 – Henry Perky patents shredded wheat. 1894 – The Empire of Japan and Qing China declare war on each other after a week of fighting over Korea, formally inaugurating the First Sino-Japanese War. 1901–present 1907 – The start of the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island, the origin of the worldwide Scouting movement. 1911 – Harriet Quimby takes her pilot's test and becomes the first U.S. woman to earn an Aero Club of America aviator's certificate. 1914 – World War I: The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire. 1914 – World War I: The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I. 1915 – Patrick Pearse gives his famous speech "Ireland unfree shall never be at peace" at O'Donovan Rossa's funeral in Dublin.[6] 1927 – The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army. 1933 – Anti-Fascist activists Bruno Tesch, Walter Möller, Karl Wolff and August Lütgens are executed by the Nazi regime in Altona. 1936 – The Olympics opened in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler. 1937 – Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor. 1943 – World War II: Operation Tidal Wave also known as "Black Sunday", was a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields. 1944 – World War II: The Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi German occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland. 1946 – Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason. 1950 – Guam is organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States as the President Harry S. Truman signs the Guam Organic Act.[7] 1957 – The United States and Canada form the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). 1960 – Dahomey (later renamed Benin) declares independence from France. 1960 – Islamabad is declared the federal capital of the Government of Pakistan. 1961 – U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara orders the creation of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the nation's first centralized military espionage organization. 1964 – The former Belgian Congo is renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1965 – Frank Herbert's novel, Dune was published for the first time. It was named as the world's best-selling science fiction novel in 2003. 1966 – Charles Whitman kills 16 people at the University of Texas at Austin before being killed by the police. 1966 – Purges of intellectuals and imperialists becomes official China policy at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. 1968 – The coronation of Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei, is held. 1971 – The Concert for Bangladesh, organized by former Beatle George Harrison, is held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. 1974 – Cyprus dispute: The United Nations Security Council authorizes the UNFICYP to create the "Green Line", dividing Cyprus into two zones. 1976 – Niki Lauda has a severe accident that almost claims his life at the German Grand Prix at Nurburgring.[8][9] 1980 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland and becomes the world's first democratically elected female head of state. 1980 – A train crash kills 18 people in County Cork, Ireland. 1981 – MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles. 1984 – Commercial peat-cutters discover the preserved bog body of a man, called Lindow Man, at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, England. 1988 – A British soldier was killed in the Inglis Barracks bombing in London, England.[10] 1990 – A plane crash in the Karabakh Range kills 46 people.[11] 1993 – The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 comes to a peak. 2004 – A supermarket fire kills 396 people and injures 500 others in Asunción, Paraguay. 2007 – The I-35W Mississippi River bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapses during the evening rush hour, killing 13 people and injuring 145. 2008 – The Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway begins operation as the fastest commuter rail system in the world. 2008 – Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions died on K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth in the worst single accident in the history of K2 mountaineering. 2017 – A suicide attack on a mosque in Herat, Afghanistan kills 20 people. 2023 – Former US President Donald Trump is indicted for his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, his third indictment in 2023.[12] Births Pre-1600 10 BC – Claudius, Roman emperor (d. 54)[13] 126 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (d. 193) 845 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese scholar and politician (d. 903) 992 – Hyeonjong of Goryeo, Korean king (d. 1031) 1068 – Emperor Taizu of Jin, Chinese emperor (d. 1123) 1313 – Kōgon, Japanese emperor (d. 1364) 1377 – Go-Komatsu, Japanese emperor (d. 1433) 1385 – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (d. 1421) 1410 – John IV, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (d. 1475) 1492 – Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (d. 1566) 1520 – Sigismund II, Polish king (d. 1572) 1545 – Andrew Melville, Scottish theologian and scholar (d. 1622)[14] 1555 – Edward Kelley, English spirit medium (d. 1597)[15] 1579 – Luis Vélez de Guevara, Spanish author and playwright (d. 1644) 1601–1900 1626 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi and theorist (d. 1676) 1630 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1673)[16] 1659 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (d. 1734)[17] 1713 – Charles I, German duke and prince (d. 1780) 1714 – Richard Wilson, Welsh painter and academic (d. 1782) 1738 – Jacques François Dugommier, French general (d. 1794) 1744 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier, biologist, and academic (d. 1829) 1770 – William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician, 4th Governor of Missouri Territory (d. 1838)[18] 1779 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and poet (d. 1843)[19] 1779 – Lorenz Oken, German-Swiss botanist, biologist, and ornithologist (d. 1851) 1809 – William B. Travis, American colonel and lawyer (d. 1836)[20] 1815 – Richard Henry Dana Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1882)[21] 1818 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (d. 1889)[22] 1819 – Herman Melville, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1891)[23] 1831 – Antonio Cotogni, Italian opera singer and educator (d. 1918)[24] 1843 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War (d. 1926)[25] 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer (d. 1883) 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French lawyer and politician, 13th President of France (d. 1937) 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1884)[26] 1860 – Bazil Assan, Romanian engineer and explorer (d. 1918)[27] 1861 – Sammy Jones, Australian cricketer (d. 1951) 1865 – Isobel Lilian Gloag, English painter (d. 1917) 1871 – John Lester, American cricketer and soccer player (d. 1969) 1877 – George Hackenschmidt, Estonian-English wrestler and strongman (d. 1968) 1878 – Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Greek physician and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1961) 1881 – Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician and academic (d. 1940) 1885 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)[28] 1889 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist and academic (d. 1979)[29] 1891 – Karl Kobelt, Swiss lawyer and politician, 52nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1968) 1893 – Alexander of Greece (d. 1920) 1894 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (d. 1927) 1898 – Morris Stoloff, American composer and musical director (d. 1980) 1899 – Raymond Mays, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1980)[30] 1900 – Otto Nothling, Australian cricketer and rugby player (d. 1965) 1901–present 1901 – Francisco Guilledo, Filipino boxer (d. 1925) 1903 – Paul Horgan, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1995)[31] 1905 – Helen Sawyer Hogg, American-Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1993)[32] 1907 – Eric Shipton, Sri Lankan-English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1977)[33] 1910 – James Henry Govier, English painter and illustrator (d. 1974) 1910 – Walter Scharf, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)[34] 1910 – Gerda Taro, German war photographer (d. 1937) 1911 – Jackie Ormes, American journalist and cartoonist (d. 1985) 1912 – David Brand, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1979) 1912 – Gego, German-Venezuelan sculptor and academic (d. 1994)[35] 1912 – Henry Jones, American actor (d. 1999)[36] 1914 – Jack Delano, American photographer and composer (d. 1997)[37] 1914 – Alan Moore, Australian painter and educator (d. 2015)[38] 1914 – J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)[39] 1916 – Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)[40] 1916 – Anne Hébert, Canadian author and poet (d. 2000) 1918 – T. J. Jemison, American minister and activist (d. 2013)[41] 1919 – Stanley Middleton, English author (d. 2009)[42] 1920 – Raul Renter, Estonian economist and chess player (d. 1992) 1920 – James Mourilyan Tanner, British paediatric endocrinologist (d. 2010)[43] 1921 – Jack Kramer, American tennis player, sailor, and sportscaster (d. 2009)[44] 1921 – Pat McDonald, Australian actress (d. 1990) 1922 – Arthur Hill, Canadian-American actor (d. 2006) 1924 – Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (d. 2015) 1924 – Frank Havens, American canoeist (d. 2018)[45] 1924 – Marcia Mae Jones, American actress and singer (d. 2007)[46] 1924 – Frank Worrell, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1967) 1925 – Ernst Jandl, Austrian poet and author (d. 2000) 1926 – George Habash, Palestinian politician, founder of the PFLP (d. 2008)[47] 1926 – George Hauptfuhrer, American basketball player and lawyer (d. 2013) 1926 – Hannah Hauxwell, English TV personality (d. 2018)[48] 1927 – María Teresa López Boegeholz, Chilean oceanographer (d. 2006) 1927 – Anthony G. Bosco, American bishop (d. 2013) 1928 – Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)[49] 1929 – Leila Abashidze, Georgian actress (d. 2018)[50] 1929 – Hafizullah Amin, Afghan educator and politician, Afghan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1979) 1929 – Ann Calvello, American roller derby racer (d. 2006)[51] 1930 – Lionel Bart, English composer (d. 1999)[52] 1930 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (d. 2002)[53] 1930 – Julie Bovasso, American actress and writer (d. 1991) 1930 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American lieutenant and politician, 62nd United States Secretary of State (d. 2011)[54] 1930 – Károly Grósz, Hungarian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1996) 1930 – Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)[55] 1931 – Ramblin' Jack Elliott, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[56] 1931 – Trevor Goddard, South African cricketer (d. 2016)[57] 1932 – Meir Kahane, American-Israeli rabbi and activist, founded the Jewish Defense League (d. 1990)[58] 1933 – Dom DeLuise, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2009)[59] 1933 – Masaichi Kaneda, Japanese baseball player and manager (d. 2019)[60] 1933 – Meena Kumari, Indian actress (d. 1972) 1933 – Teri Shields, American actress, producer, and agent (d. 2012) 1933 – Dušan Třeštík, Czech historian and author (d. 2007) 1934 – John Beck, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2000) 1934 – Derek Birdsall, English graphic designer (d. 2024)[61] 1935 – Geoff Pullar, English cricketer (d. 2014)[62] 1936 – W. D. Hamilton, British biologist, psychologist, and academic (d. 2000)[63] 1936 – Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-French fashion designer, co-founded Yves Saint Laurent (d. 2008)[64] 1936 – Laurie Taylor, English sociologist, radio host, and academic 1937 – Al D'Amato, American lawyer and politician 1939 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (d. 2015) 1939 – Terry Kiser, American actor 1939 – Stephen Sykes, English bishop and theologian (d. 2014) 1939 – Robert James Waller, American author and photographer (d. 2017)[65] 1940 – Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, Iranian writer and actor 1940 – Mervyn Kitchen, English cricketer and umpire 1940 – Henry Silverman, American businessman, founded Cendant 1941 – Ron Brown, American captain and politician, 30th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1996) 1941 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French songwriter and screenwriter (d. 2004)[66] 1942 – Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995)[67] 1942 – Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1944 – Dmitry Nikolayevich Filippov, Russian banker and politician (d. 1998) 1945 – Douglas Osheroff, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1946 – Boz Burrell, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and guitarist (d. 2006) 1946 – Rick Coonce, American drummer (d. 2011) 1946 – Richard O. Covey, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut 1946 – Fiona Stanley, Australian epidemiologist and academic 1947 – Lorna Goodison, Jamaican poet and author 1947 – Chantal Montellier, French comics creator and artist[68] 1948 – Avi Arad, Israeli-American screenwriter and producer, founded Marvel Studios 1948 – Cliff Branch, American football player (d. 2019)[69] 1948 – David Gemmell, English journalist and author (d. 2006)[70] 1949 – Bettina Arndt, Australian writer and commentator[71] 1949 – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyzstani politician, 2nd President of Kyrgyzstan 1949 – Jim Carroll, American poet, author, and musician (d. 2009)[72] 1949 – Ray Nettles, American football player (d. 2009) 1950 – Roy Williams, American basketball player and coach 1951 – Tim Bachman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2023)[73] 1951 – Tommy Bolin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976) 1951 – Pete Mackanin, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1952 – Zoran Đinđić, Serbian philosopher and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2003)[74] 1953 – Robert Cray, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist[75] 1953 – Howard Kurtz, American journalist and author 1954 – Trevor Berbick, Jamaican-Canadian boxer (d. 2006) 1954 – James Gleick, American journalist and author 1954 – Benno Möhlmann, German footballer and manager 1957 – Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (d. 2020)[76] 1957 – Taylor Negron, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)[77] 1958 – Rob Buck, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2000) 1958 – Michael Penn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1958 – Kiki Vandeweghe, American basketball player and coach 1959 – Joe Elliott, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1960 – Chuck D, American rapper and songwriter[78] 1960 – Suzi Gardner, American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Jacob Matlala, South African boxer (d. 2013) 1963 – Demián Bichir, Mexican-American actor and producer 1963 – Coolio, American rapper, producer, and actor (d. 2022)[79] 1963 – John Carroll Lynch, American actor 1963 – Koichi Wakata, Japanese astronaut and engineer[80] 1963 – Dean Wareham, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist 1964 – Adam Duritz, American singer-songwriter and producer 1964 – Fiona Hyslop, Scottish businesswoman and politician 1964 – Augusta Read Thomas, American composer, conductor and educator 1965 – Brandt Jobe, American golfer 1965 – Sam Mendes, English director and producer 1966 – James St. James, American club promoter and author 1967 – Gregg Jefferies, American baseball player and coach 1967 – José Padilha, Brazilian director, producer and screenwriter 1968 – Stacey Augmon, American basketball player and coach 1968 – Dan Donegan, American heavy metal guitarist and songwriter 1968 – Shigetoshi Hasegawa, Japanese baseball player and sportscaster 1969 – Andrei Borissov, Estonian footballer and manager 1969 – Kevin Jarvis, American baseball player and scout 1969 – Graham Thorpe, English cricketer and journalist 1970 – Quentin Coryatt, American football player 1970 – David James, English footballer and manager 1970 – Eugenie van Leeuwen, Dutch cricketer 1972 – Nicke Andersson, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1972 – Christer Basma, Norwegian footballer and coach 1972 – Todd Bouman, American football player and coach 1972 – Thomas Woods, American historian, economist, and academic 1973 – Gregg Berhalter, American soccer player and coach 1973 – Tempestt Bledsoe, American actress 1973 – Veerle Dejaeghere, Belgian runner 1973 – Edurne Pasaban, Spanish mountaineer 1974 – Cher Calvin, American journalist 1974 – Marek Galiński, Polish cyclist (d. 2014) 1974 – Tyron Henderson, South African cricketer 1974 – Dennis Lawrence, Trinidadian footballer and coach 1974 – Beckie Scott, Canadian skier 1975 – Vhrsti, Czech author and illustrator 1976 – Don Hertzfeldt, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor 1976 – Søren Jochumsen, Danish footballer 1976 – Nwankwo Kanu, Nigerian footballer 1976 – David Nemirovsky, Canadian ice hockey player 1976 – Hasan Şaş, Turkish footballer and manager 1976 – Cristian Stoica, Romanian-Italian rugby player 1977 – Marc Denis, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster 1977 – Haspop, French-Moroccan dancer, choreographer, and actor 1977 – Darnerien McCants, American-Canadian football player 1977 – Damien Saez, French singer-songwriter and guitarist 1977 – Yoshi Tatsu, Japanese wrestler and boxer 1978 – Andy Blignaut, Zimbabwean cricketer 1978 – Björn Ferry, Swedish biathlete 1978 – Dhani Harrison, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1978 – Chris Iwelumo, Scottish footballer 1978 – Edgerrin James, American football player 1979 – Junior Agogo, Ghanaian footballer (d. 2019) 1979 – Nathan Fien, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player 1979 – Jason Momoa, American actor, director, and producer 1979 – Grant Wooden, Australian rugby league player[81] 1980 – Mancini, Brazilian footballer 1980 – Romain Barras, French decathlete 1980 – Esteban Paredes, Chilean footballer 1981 – Dean Cox, Australian footballer 1981 – Pia Haraldsen, Norwegian journalist and author 1981 – Christofer Heimeroth, German footballer 1981 – Stephen Hunt, Irish footballer 1981 – Jamie Jones-Buchanan, English rugby player 1982 – Basem Fathi, Jordanian footballer 1982 – Montserrat Lombard, English actress, director, and screenwriter 1983 – Bobby Carpenter, American football player 1983 – Craig Clarke, New Zealand rugby player 1983 – Julien Faubert, French footballer 1983 – David Gervasi, Swiss decathlete 1984 – Steve Feak, American game designer 1984 – Francesco Gavazzi, Italian cyclist 1984 – Brandon Kintzler, American baseball player 1984 – Bastian Schweinsteiger, German footballer 1985 – Stuart Holden, Scottish-American soccer player 1985 – Adam Jones, American baseball player 1985 – Cole Kimball, American baseball player 1985 – Tendai Mtawarira, South African rugby player 1985 – Kris Stadsgaard, Danish footballer 1985 – Dušan Švento, Slovak footballer 1986 – Damien Allen, English footballer 1986 – Anton Strålman, Swedish ice hockey player 1986 – Andrew Taylor, English footballer 1986 – Elena Vesnina, Russian tennis player 1986 – Mike Wallace, American football player 1987 – Iago Aspas, Spanish footballer 1987 – Karen Carney, English women's footballer 1987 – Taapsee Pannu, Indian actress[82] 1987 – Sébastien Pocognoli, Belgian footballer 1987 – Lee Wallace, Scottish footballer 1988 – Mustafa Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer 1988 – Patryk Małecki, Polish footballer 1988 – Nemanja Matić, Serbian footballer[83] 1988 – Bodene Thompson, New Zealand rugby league player 1989 – Madison Bumgarner, American baseball player 1989 – Tiffany Young, Korean American singer, songwriter, and actress[84] 1990 – Aledmys Díaz, Cuban baseball player 1990 – Elton Jantjies, South African rugby player 1991 – Piotr Malarczyk, Polish footballer 1991 – Marco Puntoriere, Italian footballer 1992 – Austin Rivers, American basketball player 1992 – Mrunal Thakur, Indian actress 1993 – Álex Abrines, Spanish basketball player 1993 – Leon Thomas III, American actor and singer 1993 – Saleh Gomaa, Egyptian footballer[85] 1994 – Sergeal Petersen, South African rugby player 1994 – Ayaka Wada, Japanese singer 1995 – Madison Cawthorn, American politician[86] 1996 – Katie Boulter, British tennis player[87] 2001 – Scottie Barnes, American basketball player[88] 2001 – Park Si-eun, South Korean actress 2001 – Ben Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player[89] 2003 – Joseph Sua'ali'i, Australian-Samoan rugby league player[90] Deaths Pre-1600 30 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (b. 83 BC)[91] 371 – Eusebius of Vercelli, Italian bishop and saint (b. 283) 527 – Justin I, Byzantine emperor (b. 450) 690s – Jonatus, abbot and saint[92] 873 – Thachulf, duke of Thuringia 946 – Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, Abbasid vizier (b. 859) 946 – Lady Xu Xinyue, Chinese queen (b. 902) 953 – Yingtian, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 879) 984 – Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester[93] 1098 – Adhemar of Le Puy, French papal legate 1137 – Louis VI, king of France (b. 1081) 1146 – Vsevolod II of Kiev, Russian prince[94] 1227 – Shimazu Tadahisa, Japanese warlord (b. 1179) 1252 – Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Italian archbishop and explorer (b. 1180) 1299 – Conrad de Lichtenberg, Bishop of Strasbourg (b. 1240) 1402 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1341)[95] 1457 – Lorenzo Valla, Italian author and educator (b. 1406) 1464 – Cosimo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1386) 1494 – Giovanni Santi, artist and father of Raphael (b. c. 1435)[96] 1541 – Simon Grynaeus, German theologian and scholar (b. 1493) 1543 – Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1488) 1546 – Peter Faber, French Jesuit theologian (b. 1506) 1557 – Olaus Magnus, Swedish archbishop, historian, and cartographer (b. 1490) 1580 – Albrecht Giese, Polish-German politician and diplomat (b. 1524) 1589 – Jacques Clément, French assassin of Henry III of France (b. 1567) 1601–1900 1603 – Matthew Browne, English politician (b. 1563) 1714 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1665)[97] 1787 – Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1696) 1795 – Clas Bjerkander, Swedish meteorologist, botanist, and entomologist (b. 1735) 1796 – Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, English colonel and politician (b. 1720) 1797 – Emanuel Granberg, Finnish church painter (b. 1754)[98] 1798 – François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, French admiral (b. 1753) 1807 – John Boorman, English cricketer (b. c. 1754) 1807 – John Walker, English actor, philologist, and lexicographer (b. 1732) 1808 – Lady Diana Beauclerk, English painter and illustrator (b. 1734)[99] 1812 – Yakov Kulnev, Russian general (b. 1763) 1851 – William Joseph Behr, German publicist and academic (b. 1775) 1863 – Jind Kaur Majarani (Regent) of the Sikh Empire (b. 1817)[100] 1866 – John Ross, American tribal chief (b. 1790)[101] 1869 – Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1815) 1869 – Peter Julian Eymard, French Priest and founder of the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament (b. 1811) 1901–present 1903 – Calamity Jane, American frontierswoman and scout (b. 1853)[102] 1911 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter and illustrator (b. 1852)[103] 1911 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American lawyer and politician (b. 1843)[104] 1918 – John Riley Banister, American cowboy and police officer (b. 1854) 1920 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian freedom fighter, lawyer and journalist (b. 1856)[105] 1921 – T.J. Ryan, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Queensland (b. 1876) 1922 – Donát Bánki, Hungarian engineer (b. 1856) 1929 – Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (b. 1870) 1938 – Edmund C. Tarbell, American painter and academic (b. 1862)[106] 1943 – Lydia Litvyak, Soviet lieutenant and pilot (b. 1921) 1944 – Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (b. 1878) 1957 – Rose Fyleman, English writer and poet (b. 1877)[107] 1959 – Jean Behra, French race car driver (b. 1921) 1963 – Theodore Roethke, American poet (b. 1908) 1966 – Charles Whitman, American murderer (b. 1941) 1967 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1900) 1970 – Frances Farmer, American actress (b. 1913) 1970 – Doris Fleeson, American journalist (b. 1901) 1970 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883) 1973 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (b. 1882) 1973 – Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (b. 1893) 1974 – Ildebrando Antoniutti, Italian cardinal (b. 1898) 1977 – Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (b. 1929) 1980 – Patrick Depailler, French race car driver (b. 1944) 1980 – Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919) 1981 – Paddy Chayefsky, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1923) 1981 – Kevin Lynch, Irish Republican, Hunger Striker[108] 1982 – T. Thirunavukarasu, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1933) 1989 – John Ogdon, English pianist and composer (b. 1937) 1990 – Norbert Elias, German-Dutch sociologist, author, and academic (b. 1897) 1996 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) 1996 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician and surgeon (b. 1929) 1998 – Eva Bartok, Hungarian-British actress (b. 1927) 2001 – Korey Stringer, American football player (b. 1974) 2003 – Guy Thys, Belgian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1922) 2003 – Marie Trintignant, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1962) 2004 – Philip Abelson, American physicist and author (b. 1913) 2005 – Al Aronowitz, American journalist (b. 1928) 2005 – Wim Boost, Dutch cartoonist and educator (b. 1918) 2005 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter and sculptor (b. 1920) 2005 – Fahd of Saudi Arabia (b. 1923) 2006 – Bob Thaves, American illustrator (b. 1924) 2006 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and activist (b. 1949) 2007 – Tommy Makem, Irish singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1932) 2008 – Gertan Klauber, Czech-English actor (b. 1932) 2008 – Harkishan Singh Surjeet, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1916) 2009 – Corazon Aquino, Filipino politician, 11th President of the Philippines (b. 1933) 2010 – Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican-American activist (b. 1919) 2010 – Eric Tindill, New Zealand rugby player and cricketer (b. 1910) 2012 – Aldo Maldera, Italian footballer and agent (b. 1953) 2012 – Douglas Townsend, American composer and musicologist (b. 1921) 2012 – Barry Trapnell, English cricketer and academic (b. 1924) 2013 – John Amis, English journalist and critic (b. 1922) 2013 – Gail Kobe, American actress and producer (b. 1932) 2013 – Babe Martin, American baseball player (b. 1920) 2013 – Toby Saks, American cellist and educator (b. 1942) 2013 – Wilford White, American football player (b. 1928) 2014 – Valyantsin Byalkevich, Belarusian footballer and manager (b. 1973) 2014 – Jan Roar Leikvoll, Norwegian author (b. 1974) 2014 – Charles T. Payne, American soldier (b. 1925) 2014 – Mike Smith, English radio and television host (b. 1955) 2015 – Stephan Beckenbauer, German footballer and manager (b. 1968) 2015 – Cilla Black, English singer and actress (b. 1943) 2015 – Bernard d'Espagnat, French physicist, philosopher, and author (b. 1921) 2015 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (b. 1939) 2015 – Hong Yuanshuo, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1948) 2016 – Queen Anne of Romania (b. 1923) 2020 – Wilford Brimley, American actor and singer (b. 1934)[109] 2020 – Rickey Dixon, American professional football player (b. 1966)[110] 2020 – Rodney H. Pardey, American poker player (b. 1945)[111] 2021 – Abdalqadir as-Sufi, Scottish Islamic scholar and writer (b. 1930)[112] 2021 – Jerry Ziesmer, American assistant director, production manager and occasional actor (b. 1939)[113] Holidays and observances Armed Forces Day (Lebanon) Armed Forces Day (China) or Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Liberation Army (People's Republic of China) Azerbaijani Language and Alphabet Day (Azerbaijan) Emancipation Day is commemorated in many parts of the former British Empire, which marks the day the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 came into effect which abolished chattel slavery in the British Empire:[114] Emancipation Day is a public holiday in Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago Christian feast day: Abgar V of Edessa (Syrian Church) Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori Æthelwold of Winchester Bernard Võ Văn Duệ (one of Vietnamese Martyrs) Blessed Gerhard Hirschfelder Eusebius of Vercelli Exuperius of Bayeux Felix of Girona Peter Apostle in Chains Procession of the Cross and the beginning of Dormition Fast (Eastern Orthodoxy) The Holy Maccabees August 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Minden Day (United Kingdom) National Day, celebrates the independence of Benin from France in 1960. National Day, commemorates Switzerland becoming a single unit in 1291. Official Birthday and Coronation Day of the King of Tonga (Tonga) Parents' Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Statehood Day (Colorado) Swiss National Day (Switzerland) The beginning of autumn observances in the Northern hemisphere and spring observances in the Southern hemisphere (Neopagan Wheel of the Year Lughnasadh in the Northern hemisphere, Imbolc in the Southern hemisphere; traditionally begins on the eve of August 1. (Gaels, Ireland, Scotland, Neopagans) Lammas (England, Scotland, Neopagans) Pachamama Raymi (Quechuan in Ecuador and Peru) Victory Day (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) World Scout Scarf Day Yorkshire Day (Yorkshire, England)

August 1 is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 152 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis. 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. 607 – Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607). 902 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily.[1] 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Byzantine Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade. 1291 – The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter. 1469 – Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in Amboise. 1498 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela. 1571 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta. 1601–1900 1620 – Speedwell leaves Delfshaven to bring pilgrims to America by way of England. 1664 – Ottoman forces are defeated in the battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár. 1714 – George, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain, marking the beginning of the Georgian era of British history. 1759 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Minden, an allied Anglo-German army victory over the French. In Britain this was one of a number of events that constituted the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 and is celebrated as Minden Day by certain British Army regiments. 1774 – British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.[2] 1800 – The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1801 – First Barbary War: The American schooner USS Enterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya. 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, although it remains legal in the possessions of the East India Company until the passage of the Indian Slavery Act, 1843. 1834 – Construction begins on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.[3] 1842 – The Lombard Street riot erupts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 1849 – Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.[4] 1855 – The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps. 1863 – At the suggestion of Senator J. V. Snellman and the order of Emperor Alexander II, full rights are promised to the Finnish language by a language regulation in the Grand Duchy of Finland.[5] 1876 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state. 1893 – Henry Perky patents shredded wheat. 1894 – The Empire of Japan and Qing China declare war on each other after a week of fighting over Korea, formally inaugurating the First Sino-Japanese War. 1901–present 1907 – The start of the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island, the origin of the worldwide Scouting movement. 1911 – Harriet Quimby takes her pilot's test and becomes the first U.S. woman to earn an Aero Club of America aviator's certificate. 1914 – World War I: The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire. 1914 – World War I: The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I. 1915 – Patrick Pearse gives his famous speech "Ireland unfree shall never be at peace" at O'Donovan Rossa's funeral in Dublin.[6] 1927 – The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army. 1933 – Anti-Fascist activists Bruno Tesch, Walter Möller, Karl Wolff and August Lütgens are executed by the Nazi regime in Altona. 1936 – The Olympics opened in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler. 1937 – Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor. 1943 – World War II: Operation Tidal Wave also known as "Black Sunday", was a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields. 1944 – World War II: The Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi German occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland. 1946 – Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason. 1950 – Guam is organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States as the President Harry S. Truman signs the Guam Organic Act.[7] 1957 – The United States and Canada form the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). 1960 – Dahomey (later renamed Benin) declares independence from France. 1960 – Islamabad is declared the federal capital of the Government of Pakistan. 1961 – U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara orders the creation of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the nation's first centralized military espionage organization. 1964 – The former Belgian Congo is renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1965 – Frank Herbert's novel, Dune was published for the first time. It was named as the world's best-selling science fiction novel in 2003. 1966 – Charles Whitman kills 16 people at the University of Texas at Austin before being killed by the police. 1966 – Purges of intellectuals and imperialists becomes official China policy at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. 1968 – The coronation of Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei, is held. 1971 – The Concert for Bangladesh, organized by former Beatle George Harrison, is held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. 1974 – Cyprus dispute: The United Nations Security Council authorizes the UNFICYP to create the "Green Line", dividing Cyprus into two zones. 1976 – Niki Lauda has a severe accident that almost claims his life at the German Grand Prix at Nurburgring.[8][9] 1980 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland and becomes the world's first democratically elected female head of state. 1980 – A train crash kills 18 people in County Cork, Ireland. 1981 – MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles. 1984 – Commercial peat-cutters discover the preserved bog body of a man, called Lindow Man, at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, England. 1988 – A British soldier was killed in the Inglis Barracks bombing in London, England.[10] 1990 – A plane crash in the Karabakh Range kills 46 people.[11] 1993 – The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 comes to a peak. 2004 – A supermarket fire kills 396 people and injures 500 others in Asunción, Paraguay. 2007 – The I-35W Mississippi River bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapses during the evening rush hour, killing 13 people and injuring 145. 2008 – The Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway begins operation as the fastest commuter rail system in the world. 2008 – Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions died on K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth in the worst single accident in the history of K2 mountaineering. 2017 – A suicide attack on a mosque in Herat, Afghanistan kills 20 people. 2023 – Former US President Donald Trump is indicted for his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, his third indictment in 2023.[12] Births Pre-1600 10 BC – Claudius, Roman emperor (d. 54)[13] 126 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (d. 193) 845 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese scholar and politician (d. 903) 992 – Hyeonjong of Goryeo, Korean king (d. 1031) 1068 – Emperor Taizu of Jin, Chinese emperor (d. 1123) 1313 – Kōgon, Japanese emperor (d. 1364) 1377 – Go-Komatsu, Japanese emperor (d. 1433) 1385 – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (d. 1421) 1410 – John IV, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (d. 1475) 1492 – Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (d. 1566) 1520 – Sigismund II, Polish king (d. 1572) 1545 – Andrew Melville, Scottish theologian and scholar (d. 1622)[14] 1555 – Edward Kelley, English spirit medium (d. 1597)[15] 1579 – Luis Vélez de Guevara, Spanish author and playwright (d. 1644) 1601–1900 1626 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi and theorist (d. 1676) 1630 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1673)[16] 1659 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (d. 1734)[17] 1713 – Charles I, German duke and prince (d. 1780) 1714 – Richard Wilson, Welsh painter and academic (d. 1782) 1738 – Jacques François Dugommier, French general (d. 1794) 1744 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier, biologist, and academic (d. 1829) 1770 – William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician, 4th Governor of Missouri Territory (d. 1838)[18] 1779 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and poet (d. 1843)[19] 1779 – Lorenz Oken, German-Swiss botanist, biologist, and ornithologist (d. 1851) 1809 – William B. Travis, American colonel and lawyer (d. 1836)[20] 1815 – Richard Henry Dana Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1882)[21] 1818 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (d. 1889)[22] 1819 – Herman Melville, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1891)[23] 1831 – Antonio Cotogni, Italian opera singer and educator (d. 1918)[24] 1843 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War (d. 1926)[25] 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer (d. 1883) 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French lawyer and politician, 13th President of France (d. 1937) 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1884)[26] 1860 – Bazil Assan, Romanian engineer and explorer (d. 1918)[27] 1861 – Sammy Jones, Australian cricketer (d. 1951) 1865 – Isobel Lilian Gloag, English painter (d. 1917) 1871 – John Lester, American cricketer and soccer player (d. 1969) 1877 – George Hackenschmidt, Estonian-English wrestler and strongman (d. 1968) 1878 – Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Greek physician and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1961) 1881 – Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician and academic (d. 1940) 1885 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)[28] 1889 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist and academic (d. 1979)[29] 1891 – Karl Kobelt, Swiss lawyer and politician, 52nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1968) 1893 – Alexander of Greece (d. 1920) 1894 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (d. 1927) 1898 – Morris Stoloff, American composer and musical director (d. 1980) 1899 – Raymond Mays, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1980)[30] 1900 – Otto Nothling, Australian cricketer and rugby player (d. 1965) 1901–present 1901 – Francisco Guilledo, Filipino boxer (d. 1925) 1903 – Paul Horgan, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1995)[31] 1905 – Helen Sawyer Hogg, American-Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1993)[32] 1907 – Eric Shipton, Sri Lankan-English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1977)[33] 1910 – James Henry Govier, English painter and illustrator (d. 1974) 1910 – Walter Scharf, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)[34] 1910 – Gerda Taro, German war photographer (d. 1937) 1911 – Jackie Ormes, American journalist and cartoonist (d. 1985) 1912 – David Brand, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1979) 1912 – Gego, German-Venezuelan sculptor and academic (d. 1994)[35] 1912 – Henry Jones, American actor (d. 1999)[36] 1914 – Jack Delano, American photographer and composer (d. 1997)[37] 1914 – Alan Moore, Australian painter and educator (d. 2015)[38] 1914 – J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)[39] 1916 – Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)[40] 1916 – Anne Hébert, Canadian author and poet (d. 2000) 1918 – T. J. Jemison, American minister and activist (d. 2013)[41] 1919 – Stanley Middleton, English author (d. 2009)[42] 1920 – Raul Renter, Estonian economist and chess player (d. 1992) 1920 – James Mourilyan Tanner, British paediatric endocrinologist (d. 2010)[43] 1921 – Jack Kramer, American tennis player, sailor, and sportscaster (d. 2009)[44] 1921 – Pat McDonald, Australian actress (d. 1990) 1922 – Arthur Hill, Canadian-American actor (d. 2006) 1924 – Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (d. 2015) 1924 – Frank Havens, American canoeist (d. 2018)[45] 1924 – Marcia Mae Jones, American actress and singer (d. 2007)[46] 1924 – Frank Worrell, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1967) 1925 – Ernst Jandl, Austrian poet and author (d. 2000) 1926 – George Habash, Palestinian politician, founder of the PFLP (d. 2008)[47] 1926 – George Hauptfuhrer, American basketball player and lawyer (d. 2013) 1926 – Hannah Hauxwell, English TV personality (d. 2018)[48] 1927 – María Teresa López Boegeholz, Chilean oceanographer (d. 2006) 1927 – Anthony G. Bosco, American bishop (d. 2013) 1928 – Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)[49] 1929 – Leila Abashidze, Georgian actress (d. 2018)[50] 1929 – Hafizullah Amin, Afghan educator and politician, Afghan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1979) 1929 – Ann Calvello, American roller derby racer (d. 2006)[51] 1930 – Lionel Bart, English composer (d. 1999)[52] 1930 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (d. 2002)[53] 1930 – Julie Bovasso, American actress and writer (d. 1991) 1930 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American lieutenant and politician, 62nd United States Secretary of State (d. 2011)[54] 1930 – Károly Grósz, Hungarian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1996) 1930 – Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)[55] 1931 – Ramblin' Jack Elliott, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[56] 1931 – Trevor Goddard, South African cricketer (d. 2016)[57] 1932 – Meir Kahane, American-Israeli rabbi and activist, founded the Jewish Defense League (d. 1990)[58] 1933 – Dom DeLuise, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2009)[59] 1933 – Masaichi Kaneda, Japanese baseball player and manager (d. 2019)[60] 1933 – Meena Kumari, Indian actress (d. 1972) 1933 – Teri Shields, American actress, producer, and agent (d. 2012) 1933 – Dušan Třeštík, Czech historian and author (d. 2007) 1934 – John Beck, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2000) 1934 – Derek Birdsall, English graphic designer (d. 2024)[61] 1935 – Geoff Pullar, English cricketer (d. 2014)[62] 1936 – W. D. Hamilton, British biologist, psychologist, and academic (d. 2000)[63] 1936 – Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-French fashion designer, co-founded Yves Saint Laurent (d. 2008)[64] 1936 – Laurie Taylor, English sociologist, radio host, and academic 1937 – Al D'Amato, American lawyer and politician 1939 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (d. 2015) 1939 – Terry Kiser, American actor 1939 – Stephen Sykes, English bishop and theologian (d. 2014) 1939 – Robert James Waller, American author and photographer (d. 2017)[65] 1940 – Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, Iranian writer and actor 1940 – Mervyn Kitchen, English cricketer and umpire 1940 – Henry Silverman, American businessman, founded Cendant 1941 – Ron Brown, American captain and politician, 30th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1996) 1941 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French songwriter and screenwriter (d. 2004)[66] 1942 – Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995)[67] 1942 – Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1944 – Dmitry Nikolayevich Filippov, Russian banker and politician (d. 1998) 1945 – Douglas Osheroff, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1946 – Boz Burrell, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and guitarist (d. 2006) 1946 – Rick Coonce, American drummer (d. 2011) 1946 – Richard O. Covey, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut 1946 – Fiona Stanley, Australian epidemiologist and academic 1947 – Lorna Goodison, Jamaican poet and author 1947 – Chantal Montellier, French comics creator and artist[68] 1948 – Avi Arad, Israeli-American screenwriter and producer, founded Marvel Studios 1948 – Cliff Branch, American football player (d. 2019)[69] 1948 – David Gemmell, English journalist and author (d. 2006)[70] 1949 – Bettina Arndt, Australian writer and commentator[71] 1949 – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyzstani politician, 2nd President of Kyrgyzstan 1949 – Jim Carroll, American poet, author, and musician (d. 2009)[72] 1949 – Ray Nettles, American football player (d. 2009) 1950 – Roy Williams, American basketball player and coach 1951 – Tim Bachman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2023)[73] 1951 – Tommy Bolin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976) 1951 – Pete Mackanin, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1952 – Zoran Đinđić, Serbian philosopher and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2003)[74] 1953 – Robert Cray, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist[75] 1953 – Howard Kurtz, American journalist and author 1954 – Trevor Berbick, Jamaican-Canadian boxer (d. 2006) 1954 – James Gleick, American journalist and author 1954 – Benno Möhlmann, German footballer and manager 1957 – Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (d. 2020)[76] 1957 – Taylor Negron, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)[77] 1958 – Rob Buck, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2000) 1958 – Michael Penn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1958 – Kiki Vandeweghe, American basketball player and coach 1959 – Joe Elliott, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1960 – Chuck D, American rapper and songwriter[78] 1960 – Suzi Gardner, American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Jacob Matlala, South African boxer (d. 2013) 1963 – Demián Bichir, Mexican-American actor and producer 1963 – Coolio, American rapper, producer, and actor (d. 2022)[79] 1963 – John Carroll Lynch, American actor 1963 – Koichi Wakata, Japanese astronaut and engineer[80] 1963 – Dean Wareham, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist 1964 – Adam Duritz, American singer-songwriter and producer 1964 – Fiona Hyslop, Scottish businesswoman and politician 1964 – Augusta Read Thomas, American composer, conductor and educator 1965 – Brandt Jobe, American golfer 1965 – Sam Mendes, English director and producer 1966 – James St. James, American club promoter and author 1967 – Gregg Jefferies, American baseball player and coach 1967 – José Padilha, Brazilian director, producer and screenwriter 1968 – Stacey Augmon, American basketball player and coach 1968 – Dan Donegan, American heavy metal guitarist and songwriter 1968 – Shigetoshi Hasegawa, Japanese baseball player and sportscaster 1969 – Andrei Borissov, Estonian footballer and manager 1969 – Kevin Jarvis, American baseball player and scout 1969 – Graham Thorpe, English cricketer and journalist 1970 – Quentin Coryatt, American football player 1970 – David James, English footballer and manager 1970 – Eugenie van Leeuwen, Dutch cricketer 1972 – Nicke Andersson, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1972 – Christer Basma, Norwegian footballer and coach 1972 – Todd Bouman, American football player and coach 1972 – Thomas Woods, American historian, economist, and academic 1973 – Gregg Berhalter, American soccer player and coach 1973 – Tempestt Bledsoe, American actress 1973 – Veerle Dejaeghere, Belgian runner 1973 – Edurne Pasaban, Spanish mountaineer 1974 – Cher Calvin, American journalist 1974 – Marek Galiński, Polish cyclist (d. 2014) 1974 – Tyron Henderson, South African cricketer 1974 – Dennis Lawrence, Trinidadian footballer and coach 1974 – Beckie Scott, Canadian skier 1975 – Vhrsti, Czech author and illustrator 1976 – Don Hertzfeldt, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor 1976 – Søren Jochumsen, Danish footballer 1976 – Nwankwo Kanu, Nigerian footballer 1976 – David Nemirovsky, Canadian ice hockey player 1976 – Hasan Şaş, Turkish footballer and manager 1976 – Cristian Stoica, Romanian-Italian rugby player 1977 – Marc Denis, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster 1977 – Haspop, French-Moroccan dancer, choreographer, and actor 1977 – Darnerien McCants, American-Canadian football player 1977 – Damien Saez, French singer-songwriter and guitarist 1977 – Yoshi Tatsu, Japanese wrestler and boxer 1978 – Andy Blignaut, Zimbabwean cricketer 1978 – Björn Ferry, Swedish biathlete 1978 – Dhani Harrison, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1978 – Chris Iwelumo, Scottish footballer 1978 – Edgerrin James, American football player 1979 – Junior Agogo, Ghanaian footballer (d. 2019) 1979 – Nathan Fien, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player 1979 – Jason Momoa, American actor, director, and producer 1979 – Grant Wooden, Australian rugby league player[81] 1980 – Mancini, Brazilian footballer 1980 – Romain Barras, French decathlete 1980 – Esteban Paredes, Chilean footballer 1981 – Dean Cox, Australian footballer 1981 – Pia Haraldsen, Norwegian journalist and author 1981 – Christofer Heimeroth, German footballer 1981 – Stephen Hunt, Irish footballer 1981 – Jamie Jones-Buchanan, English rugby player 1982 – Basem Fathi, Jordanian footballer 1982 – Montserrat Lombard, English actress, director, and screenwriter 1983 – Bobby Carpenter, American football player 1983 – Craig Clarke, New Zealand rugby player 1983 – Julien Faubert, French footballer 1983 – David Gervasi, Swiss decathlete 1984 – Steve Feak, American game designer 1984 – Francesco Gavazzi, Italian cyclist 1984 – Brandon Kintzler, American baseball player 1984 – Bastian Schweinsteiger, German footballer 1985 – Stuart Holden, Scottish-American soccer player 1985 – Adam Jones, American baseball player 1985 – Cole Kimball, American baseball player 1985 – Tendai Mtawarira, South African rugby player 1985 – Kris Stadsgaard, Danish footballer 1985 – Dušan Švento, Slovak footballer 1986 – Damien Allen, English footballer 1986 – Anton Strålman, Swedish ice hockey player 1986 – Andrew Taylor, English footballer 1986 – Elena Vesnina, Russian tennis player 1986 – Mike Wallace, American football player 1987 – Iago Aspas, Spanish footballer 1987 – Karen Carney, English women's footballer 1987 – Taapsee Pannu, Indian actress[82] 1987 – Sébastien Pocognoli, Belgian footballer 1987 – Lee Wallace, Scottish footballer 1988 – Mustafa Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer 1988 – Patryk Małecki, Polish footballer 1988 – Nemanja Matić, Serbian footballer[83] 1988 – Bodene Thompson, New Zealand rugby league player 1989 – Madison Bumgarner, American baseball player 1989 – Tiffany Young, Korean American singer, songwriter, and actress[84] 1990 – Aledmys Díaz, Cuban baseball player 1990 – Elton Jantjies, South African rugby player 1991 – Piotr Malarczyk, Polish footballer 1991 – Marco Puntoriere, Italian footballer 1992 – Austin Rivers, American basketball player 1992 – Mrunal Thakur, Indian actress 1993 – Álex Abrines, Spanish basketball player 1993 – Leon Thomas III, American actor and singer 1993 – Saleh Gomaa, Egyptian footballer[85] 1994 – Sergeal Petersen, South African rugby player 1994 – Ayaka Wada, Japanese singer 1995 – Madison Cawthorn, American politician[86] 1996 – Katie Boulter, British tennis player[87] 2001 – Scottie Barnes, American basketball player[88] 2001 – Park Si-eun, South Korean actress 2001 – Ben Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player[89] 2003 – Joseph Sua'ali'i, Australian-Samoan rugby league player[90] Deaths Pre-1600 30 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (b. 83 BC)[91] 371 – Eusebius of Vercelli, Italian bishop and saint (b. 283) 527 – Justin I, Byzantine emperor (b. 450) 690s – Jonatus, abbot and saint[92] 873 – Thachulf, duke of Thuringia 946 – Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, Abbasid vizier (b. 859) 946 – Lady Xu Xinyue, Chinese queen (b. 902) 953 – Yingtian, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 879) 984 – Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester[93] 1098 – Adhemar of Le Puy, French papal legate 1137 – Louis VI, king of France (b. 1081) 1146 – Vsevolod II of Kiev, Russian prince[94] 1227 – Shimazu Tadahisa, Japanese warlord (b. 1179) 1252 – Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Italian archbishop and explorer (b. 1180) 1299 – Conrad de Lichtenberg, Bishop of Strasbourg (b. 1240) 1402 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1341)[95] 1457 – Lorenzo Valla, Italian author and educator (b. 1406) 1464 – Cosimo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1386) 1494 – Giovanni Santi, artist and father of Raphael (b. c. 1435)[96] 1541 – Simon Grynaeus, German theologian and scholar (b. 1493) 1543 – Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1488) 1546 – Peter Faber, French Jesuit theologian (b. 1506) 1557 – Olaus Magnus, Swedish archbishop, historian, and cartographer (b. 1490) 1580 – Albrecht Giese, Polish-German politician and diplomat (b. 1524) 1589 – Jacques Clément, French assassin of Henry III of France (b. 1567) 1601–1900 1603 – Matthew Browne, English politician (b. 1563) 1714 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1665)[97] 1787 – Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1696) 1795 – Clas Bjerkander, Swedish meteorologist, botanist, and entomologist (b. 1735) 1796 – Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, English colonel and politician (b. 1720) 1797 – Emanuel Granberg, Finnish church painter (b. 1754)[98] 1798 – François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, French admiral (b. 1753) 1807 – John Boorman, English cricketer (b. c. 1754) 1807 – John Walker, English actor, philologist, and lexicographer (b. 1732) 1808 – Lady Diana Beauclerk, English painter and illustrator (b. 1734)[99] 1812 – Yakov Kulnev, Russian general (b. 1763) 1851 – William Joseph Behr, German publicist and academic (b. 1775) 1863 – Jind Kaur Majarani (Regent) of the Sikh Empire (b. 1817)[100] 1866 – John Ross, American tribal chief (b. 1790)[101] 1869 – Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1815) 1869 – Peter Julian Eymard, French Priest and founder of the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament (b. 1811) 1901–present 1903 – Calamity Jane, American frontierswoman and scout (b. 1853)[102] 1911 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter and illustrator (b. 1852)[103] 1911 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American lawyer and politician (b. 1843)[104] 1918 – John Riley Banister, American cowboy and police officer (b. 1854) 1920 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian freedom fighter, lawyer and journalist (b. 1856)[105] 1921 – T.J. Ryan, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Queensland (b. 1876) 1922 – Donát Bánki, Hungarian engineer (b. 1856) 1929 – Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (b. 1870) 1938 – Edmund C. Tarbell, American painter and academic (b. 1862)[106] 1943 – Lydia Litvyak, Soviet lieutenant and pilot (b. 1921) 1944 – Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (b. 1878) 1957 – Rose Fyleman, English writer and poet (b. 1877)[107] 1959 – Jean Behra, French race car driver (b. 1921) 1963 – Theodore Roethke, American poet (b. 1908) 1966 – Charles Whitman, American murderer (b. 1941) 1967 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1900) 1970 – Frances Farmer, American actress (b. 1913) 1970 – Doris Fleeson, American journalist (b. 1901) 1970 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883) 1973 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (b. 1882) 1973 – Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (b. 1893) 1974 – Ildebrando Antoniutti, Italian cardinal (b. 1898) 1977 – Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (b. 1929) 1980 – Patrick Depailler, French race car driver (b. 1944) 1980 – Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919) 1981 – Paddy Chayefsky, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1923) 1981 – Kevin Lynch, Irish Republican, Hunger Striker[108] 1982 – T. Thirunavukarasu, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1933) 1989 – John Ogdon, English pianist and composer (b. 1937) 1990 – Norbert Elias, German-Dutch sociologist, author, and academic (b. 1897) 1996 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) 1996 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician and surgeon (b. 1929) 1998 – Eva Bartok, Hungarian-British actress (b. 1927) 2001 – Korey Stringer, American football player (b. 1974) 2003 – Guy Thys, Belgian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1922) 2003 – Marie Trintignant, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1962) 2004 – Philip Abelson, American physicist and author (b. 1913) 2005 – Al Aronowitz, American journalist (b. 1928) 2005 – Wim Boost, Dutch cartoonist and educator (b. 1918) 2005 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter and sculptor (b. 1920) 2005 – Fahd of Saudi Arabia (b. 1923) 2006 – Bob Thaves, American illustrator (b. 1924) 2006 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and activist (b. 1949) 2007 – Tommy Makem, Irish singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1932) 2008 – Gertan Klauber, Czech-English actor (b. 1932) 2008 – Harkishan Singh Surjeet, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1916) 2009 – Corazon Aquino, Filipino politician, 11th President of the Philippines (b. 1933) 2010 – Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican-American activist (b. 1919) 2010 – Eric Tindill, New Zealand rugby player and cricketer (b. 1910) 2012 – Aldo Maldera, Italian footballer and agent (b. 1953) 2012 – Douglas Townsend, American composer and musicologist (b. 1921) 2012 – Barry Trapnell, English cricketer and academic (b. 1924) 2013 – John Amis, English journalist and critic (b. 1922) 2013 – Gail Kobe, American actress and producer (b. 1932) 2013 – Babe Martin, American baseball player (b. 1920) 2013 – Toby Saks, American cellist and educator (b. 1942) 2013 – Wilford White, American football player (b. 1928) 2014 – Valyantsin Byalkevich, Belarusian footballer and manager (b. 1973) 2014 – Jan Roar Leikvoll, Norwegian author (b. 1974) 2014 – Charles T. Payne, American soldier (b. 1925) 2014 – Mike Smith, English radio and television host (b. 1955) 2015 – Stephan Beckenbauer, German footballer and manager (b. 1968) 2015 – Cilla Black, English singer and actress (b. 1943) 2015 – Bernard d'Espagnat, French physicist, philosopher, and author (b. 1921) 2015 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (b. 1939) 2015 – Hong Yuanshuo, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1948) 2016 – Queen Anne of Romania (b. 1923) 2020 – Wilford Brimley, American actor and singer (b. 1934)[109] 2020 – Rickey Dixon, American professional football player (b. 1966)[110] 2020 – Rodney H. Pardey, American poker player (b. 1945)[111] 2021 – Abdalqadir as-Sufi, Scottish Islamic scholar and writer (b. 1930)[112] 2021 – Jerry Ziesmer, American assistant director, production manager and occasional actor (b. 1939)[113] Holidays and observances Armed Forces Day (Lebanon) Armed Forces Day (China) or Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Liberation Army (People's Republic of China) Azerbaijani Language and Alphabet Day (Azerbaijan) Emancipation Day is commemorated in many parts of the former British Empire, which marks the day the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 came into effect which abolished chattel slavery in the British Empire:[114] Emancipation Day is a public holiday in Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago Christian feast day: Abgar V of Edessa (Syrian Church) Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori Æthelwold of Winchester Bernard Võ Văn Duệ (one of Vietnamese Martyrs) Blessed Gerhard Hirschfelder Eusebius of Vercelli Exuperius of Bayeux Felix of Girona Peter Apostle in Chains Procession of the Cross and the beginning of Dormition Fast (Eastern Orthodoxy) The Holy Maccabees August 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Minden Day (United Kingdom) National Day, celebrates the independence of Benin from France in 1960. National Day, commemorates Switzerland becoming a single unit in 1291. Official Birthday and Coronation Day of the King of Tonga (Tonga) Parents' Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Statehood Day (Colorado) Swiss National Day (Switzerland) The beginning of autumn observances in the Northern hemisphere and spring observances in the Southern hemisphere (Neopagan Wheel of the Year Lughnasadh in the Northern hemisphere, Imbolc in the Southern hemisphere; traditionally begins on the eve of August 1. (Gaels, Ireland, Scotland, Neopagans) Lammas (England, Scotland, Neopagans) Pachamama Raymi (Quechuan in Ecuador and Peru) Victory Day (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) World Scout Scarf Day Yorkshire Day (Yorkshire, England)